Nasal inverted papilloma (NIP) is one primary benign lesion that occurs in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. In this paper, several clinical classifications of NIP were summarized. The most important classification, which was developed by Krouse in 2000, and endoscopic technique was applied to treat NIP in different Surgical methods.
Endoscopy ; methods ; Humans ; Nose Neoplasms ; classification ; surgery ; Papilloma, Inverted ; classification ; surgery

Objective The dose and type of light and photosensitizer could seriously affect the curative effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT).The purpose of this study was to observe whether or not PDT with hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) can cure laryngocarcinoma in the solid tumor model,and to define the proper laser amount for killing the cancer cells.Methods Forty eight BALB/c mouse models with subcutaneous Hep-2 laryngeal carcinomas were prepared.Mice were divided into six groups depending on the amount of laser received from 30 J/cm2 to 480 J/cm2 including a control group,tumor size in each group was between 8 mm and 10 mm.Tail vein injection were given with HMME prior to applying the laser light,and then illumination was carried out on the tumor at 3 h after HMME administration.Tumor volume,animal weight and histopathologic changes were observed after PDT.Results All mice apparently showed positive results via PDT,and the cancer had been cured in 120 J/cm2 and 480 J/cm2 groups.The laryngeal cancer lesions began to form scab 1 d after PDT and the scab became hard and black after 5 d.The tumor regression began simultaneously and completed around 30 d after PDT.Conclusions PDT may treat laryngeal cancers which sized less than 10 mm in mouse models.The optimum energy to destruct the laryngeal cancer cells may be 120 J/cm2.

Objective:To investigate the effect of fat mass index (FMI) on early recovery after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Methods:Patients who underwent primary unilateral TKA in Xi'an Honghui Hospital from July 2020 to July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The preoperative body composition was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and the FMI was calculated. Patients were divided into normal group (male: 3.0-6.0 kg/m 2; female: 5.0-9.0 kg/m 2), overweight group (male: 6.1-9.0 kg/m 2; female: 9.1-13.0 kg/m 2), and obese group (male: >9 kg/m 2; female: >13 kg/m 2) according to level of FMI, and the operation time, blood loss, and incidence of postoperative complications were collected. Multifactorial analysis of the effect of FMI on early recovery after TKA was performed using a generalized linear model. Draw the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve of BMI and FMI on the predicted effect of postoperative Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) osteoarthritis index scores and Knee Society Score (KSS) to compare the effect of FMI with BMI on early recovery after TKA. Results:A total of 100 patients were included in the study, 24 males and 76 females, aged 65.0±8.2 years (range, 42-81 years). There were 15 cases in normal group, 55 cases in overweight group and 30 cases in obese group. All patients successfully completed the operation and were followed up for 3.15±0.72 months (range, 2.8-3.2 months). The WOMAC scores of the obese group at 2 weeks, 1 and 2 months postoperative were 34.57±3.68, 22.03±2.79, and 15.77±2.96, which were greater than those of the normal group (28.73 ±2.58, 19.07±2.71, 12.27±3.10), as well as the overweight group (30.05±4.09, 19.33±2.42, 14.84±2.42), with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). The KSS scores of the obese group at postoperative 1 and 2 months were 68.83±5.52 and 81.17±4.49, which were lower than those of the normal group (77.33±5.63, 87.33±4.17), as well as the overweight group (72.64±5.43, 83.73 ±5.02), with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). The WOMAC score, KSS score, and postoperative complications at 2 months postoperatively were selected as outcome indicators to plot the ROC curve, and the ROC curve for the WOMAC score at 2 months postoperatively showed an area under the curve corresponding to FMI of 0.744 (95% CI: 0.54, 0.82), which was greater than that of BMI [0.624 (95% CI: 0.51, 0.74)], and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=2.19, P=0.021). The ROC curve for the KSS score at 2 months postoperatively showed an area under the curve corresponding to FMI of 0.718 (95% CI: 0.62, 0.82), which was greater than that of BMI [0.612 (95% CI: 0.52, 0.74)], with a statistically significant difference ( Z=2.58, P=0.016). The ROC curve for postoperative complications showed an area under the curve of 0.639 (95% CI: 0.41, 0.88) for FMI and 0.605 (95% CI: 0.37, 0.84) for BMI, with no statistically significant difference ( Z=0.48, P=0.632). Conclusion:The greater the FMI the poorer the early functional recovery after initial TKA, and FMI is more valuable than BMI in predicting the early functional recovery.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether genetic variability in the protocadherin 15 (PCDH15) gene may correspond with increased susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) in a Chinese population. Methods: A nested case-control study was performed that followed a cohort of 7 445 noise-exposed workers in a steel factory of Henan province in China from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2015. In this study, 394 cases who had an average hearing threshold of more than 40 dB (A) in high frequency were defined as the case group, and 721 controls who had an average hearing threshold of less than 35 dB (A) in high frequency and less than 25 dB (A) in speech frequency were defined as the control group. A questionnaire was completed by participants and a physical test was also conducted. SNP genotyping was performed using the SNPscan^TM Kit. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression additive models were used to analyze the genotypes in different groups, and the association with NIHL. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between the genotypes and NIHL. Results: The average age of study participants was (40.5±8.3) years and the median number of noise-exposed working years M (P₂₅, P₇₅) was 21.1 (9.1, 27.3). The range of noise exposed levels and the levels of cumulative noise exposure (CNE) were 80.1- 98.8 dB(A) and 86.6- 111.2 dB(A), respectively. Only the distribution of the genotypes (TT/CC/CT) of rs11004085 in the PCDH15 gene showed a significant difference between the case and control groups (P=0.049). In the case group, the distribution was 370 (93.9%), 24 (6.1%) and 0; in the control group, the distribution was 694 (96.3%), 23 (3.2%) and 1 (0.1% ). After smoking, drinking, hypertension, height and CNE adjustment, compared with the TT genotype individuals with the CC/CT genotype had a 1.90-fold increased risk of NIHL (95% CI: 1.06- 3.40). After stratified these data by the noise exposure level or CNE when the noise exposure level was>85 dB (A), compared with cases with the AA genotype of rs10825113, individuals with the GA/GG genotype had a 2.63-fold increased risk of NIHL (95% CI: 1.12- 6.14). When the CNE was ≤ 98 dB(A), compared with cases with the TT genotype of rs11004085, individuals with the CC/CT genotype had a 2.96-fold increased risk of NIHL (95% CI: 1.33- 6.56). However, these differences were not significant after Bonferroni correction had been applied. Conclusions The results confirmed that genetic variation within the PCDH15 gene may affect the susceptibility to NIHL.

Objective: To identify the association between genetic polymorphisms in the eye absent homolog 4 (EYA4) gene and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Method: A nested case control study was conducted based on a cohort of noise-exposed subjects. In total, 292 cases were selected from a steel factory from 6 297 subjects during Jan 1, 2006 to Dec 12, 2015,who had an average hearing threshold of more than 40 dB(A); 584 matched control subjects for each case were designated on the basis of matched criteria including same gender, age (±5 years) and duration of exposure to noise (±2 years). What's more, the control group had an average hearing threshold of less than 35 dB(A) in high frequency and less than 25 dB(A) in speech frequency. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the EYA4 gene were genotyped using a SNPscan^TM multiplex SNP genotyping kit. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium tests were performed using a χ² test for goodness-of-fit for each SNP among the control group, and the effects of genotypes of the EYA4 gene on NIHL were analyzed by logistic regression. The haplotypes were established and their frequencies in the two groups were assessed using Haploview 4.2 and Phase 2.1 software, and interactive effects between haplotypes and cumulative noise exposure were analyzed. Results: The average age of the subjects was (40.1±8.4) years and the average number of noise-exposed working years was 20.3 (8.4, 27.3) years. The range of noise exposure levels and the cumulative noise exposure were 80.2- 98.8 dB (A) and 86.6- 111.2 dB(A) · year, respectively. After adjustment for covariates including height, blood pressure, drinking status and smoking status, in the noise intensity>85 dB (A) group, subjects carrying the rs3813346 TT genotype had a higher NIHL risk than those carrying the GG genotype, and the adjusted OR (95% CI) value was 2.12 (1.21- 3.69). In the cumulative noise exposure>98 dB (A) · year group, compared with haplotype TGC, haplotype CGT showed a protective effect in the development of NIHL, with an adjusted OR (95% CI) value of 0.60 (0.37-0.97), however, the significance of intercation between EY4 gene of noise was lost after Bonferroni correction. Conclusion Genetic polymorphism in the EYA4 gene may be a genetic susceptibility factor for NIHL.