Objective To investigate the clinical significance of noninvasive detection of end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PetCO2) in the management of children with acute asthma, and to evaluate the association between PetCO2 and artery blood gas carbon dioxide partial pressure ( PaCO2 ). Methods This was a prospective,double blinded study of children aged 5 ～ 14 years old treated for acute asthma in a pediatric emergency department. PetCO2 and PaCO2 measurements were taken before therapy and after each nebulization treatment ( maximum of three). Various clinical parametesr were recorded. Patients with PaCO2 and PetCO2 measurements within 8 minutes of each other were eligible for inclusion. Patients with cardiac disease,chronic pulmonary disease, poor tissue perfusion, or metabolic abnormalities were excluded. Results Sixty five children were enrolled. The initial PetCO2 value was (34. 8 ±8. 6) mm Hg (95% confidence interval =34. 0 to 36. 1). The PetCO2 value of post-treatment was (33.2 ±8.2) mm Hg (95% confidence interval =32. 5 to 34. 4) ,which was decreased significantly than that before treatment(P ＜ 0. 01 ). Fifty seven PetCO2-PaCO2 paired values were available from 57 patients. The values of PetCO2 and PaCO2 were ( 34. 8 ±7. 6) mm Hg and (40. 6 ± 8. 3 ) mm Hg, respectively. PetCO2 and PaCO2 values were highly positively correlated ( r = 0. 92,P ＜ 0. 000 1 ). Conclusion Noninvasive bedside measurement of PetCO2 in children with acute asthma in emergency department is feasible. Continuous PetCO2 monitoring can provide a reliable assessment of pulmonary status. PetCO2 can serve as an important adjunct index in the clinical management of pediatric patients with acute asthma.

Objective To evaluate the effect of anti-RANTES monoclonal antibody in combination with ciclosporin (CsA)upon inhibiting the rejection response during secondary heart transplantation in mouse models. Methods BALB/c mouse models were used as the donors and C57BL/6 mice were utilized to establish secondary heart transplantation recipient models. The animals were randomly divided into the control (physiological saline,n =6 ),A (anti-RANTES monoclonal antibody treatment,n =6 ),B (CsA treatment,n =6 ) and C groups (anti-RANTES monoclonal antibody combined with CsA treatment,n=6). The survival time of heart after secondary transplantation was observed. The degree of acute heart rejection was assessed by histopathological analysis. The relative expression levels of RANTES,interleukin(IL)-2,IL-1 0,interferon(IFN)-γand transcription growth factor(TGF)-βmessenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)in the heart grafts were quantitatively measured by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The serum levels of RANTES,IFN-γ,IL-2,IL-1 0 and TGF-βwere detected by enzyme-linked immune absorbent assay (ELISA). Results The heart grafts of all mice survived after secondary cardiac transplantation. Compared with the control group,the survival time of hearts in group A,B and C was significantly prolonged (all P<0. 01 ). Pathological staining revealed that the quantity of infiltrated inflammatory cells in group C was significantly decreased than those in the other groups. The expression levels of heart RANTES,IFN-γand IL-2 mRNA in group C were significantly down-regulated, whereas the expression levels of IL-1 0 and TGF-βmRNA were considerably up-regulated compared with those in the other three groups (all P<0. 05). The serum levels of RANTES,IL-2 and IFN-γin group C were significantly down-regulated, whereas the serum contents of IL-1 0 and TGF-βwere considerably up-regulated compared with those in the other three groups (all P<0. 05 ). Conclusions Combined application of anti-RANTES monoclonal antibody and CsA can effectively induce the immune tolerance to secondary cardiac transplantation and prolong the survival time of the cardiac grafts in mouse models.

There is a high risk of myelosuppression in pelvic malignant tumors during concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The dose-volume relationship of pelvic exposed bone marrow( bone) is related to acute hematological toxicity during radiotherapy and chemotherapy,but lacks recognized parameters in this respect. The hematopoietic capacity of the bone marrow(bone)in different parts of the pelvic cavity is heterogeneous,and the pelvic bone marrow near the central axis has the strongest hematopoietic capacity,namely functional bone marrow. The relationship between dose-volume parameters of pelvic functional bone marrow and acute hematologic toxicity during chemoradiotherapy of pelvic malignant tumors may be the future direction.