Objective To understand and to assess the current situation of iodine deficiency disorders in Qaidam Basin,and to provide the information for measures and strategies of prevention and cure of this disease.Methods Within the boarder of Qaidam,five counties(cities)were selected for the investigation,which were Delingha,Golmud,Dulah,Wulan,and Tianjun.Two townships(towns)have been selected in each county(city),51 students aged 8 to 10 in one of the primary schools in each township(town)underwent thyroid palpation examination,their urine samples were collected to test urine iodine using arsenic-Ce catalysis spectrophotometric method.Thirty students of fifth-grade class in the selected schools underwent the questionnaire of prevention knowledge of iodine deficiency disease,while 10 housewives in each village near by the school were asked for the same questions,and the edible salt in their home was quantified of iodine by using direct titration method.Results Among the children aged 8 to 10,the average prevalence rate of thyroid enlargement Was 5.9%(30/510),higher than that stipulated by the national standard.The median of urinary iodine of urinary iodine level for children aged 8 to 10 was 83.4μg/L,the ration of urinary iodine＜20μg/L Was more than 10 percent;qualified iodized salt consumption rate of residents was 59.0%(118/200);the average scores and the checkout rate of fifth-grade students and the housewives who had underwent the questionnaire survey were 31.5,12.0%(36/300)and 35.9,18.5%(37/200)respectively.Conclusions The prevention and cure of iodine deficiency disorders in selected area do not work well,iodized salt is not popular,therefore health education needs to be strengthened.

AIDS caused by HIV-1, is a major threat to human being. An anti-HIV formulation from Chinese herbs, so called "Qu Du Zeng Ning", have been recently developed. In this work, the pharmacodynamics of the formulation in vitro was studied. The results showed that Qu Du Zeng Ning inhibit the replication of HIV-1 efficiently in all cell-based assay, with IC50 at 105.2, 70.7, 77.4 microg mL(-1), separately. A significant synergy between the formulation and zidovudine (AZT) was observed, and it also showed a potent activity against HIV-1 drug-resistant mutant.

Astragalus Plant ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Genes, MHC Class I ; genetics ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Killer Cells, Natural ; drug effects ; Leukemia ; genetics ; metabolism ; Polysaccharides ; pharmacology

Objective To evaluate the image deformation and measurement error of rotational DSA by model experiment. Methods Five steel balls (diameter: 20 mm) were placed in a horizontal space of 30 mm, the middle of which was as the isocenter for rotational DSA acquisition. Another 5 steel balls (diameter: 10 mm) were placed in a vertical space of 30 mm with the same alignment for rotational DSA acquisition. The screen was divided into five regions and the morphological changes of the ball image were observed at each rotation angle. The experimental images of the left anterior oblique ball images at 20°, 40°and 60° among each two groups were selected and measured by automatic isocenter calibration and sphere calibration respectively, and compared with the actual diameters of balls to calculate the image magnification. Results Except the center one, other balls were of deformation at different rotation angles due to the distance to the detector leading to enlargement and reduction. With automatic isocenter calibration, only the diameter of the center ball corresponded with the actual one, the distance away from the center or the rotation angle was inversely proportional to measurement error (maximum magnification 12.42%).With sphere calibration, the measurement results in various regions at different rotation angle were basically the same, with smaller measurement error (maximum magnification 3.41%). Conclusion Placing the organ of interest in the center area can reduce image distortion in rotational DSA imaging. Selecting reasonable measuring technology according to the lesion location is helpful to control measurement errors.

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristic and drug resistance of respiratory tract pathogens in ICU eld‐erly patients to provide the basis for clinical medication and control of nosocomial infection .Methods The isolation situation and drug resistance of pathogens in ICU elderly patients with respiratory tract infection from January 2012 to December 2014 were ret‐rospectively analyzed .Results Among 501 cases of respiratory tract infection ,350 cases were Gram‐negative bacilli infection ,which were mainly P .aeruginosa and A .baumannii;50 cases were Gram‐positive coccus infection ,which was mainly S .aureus ;101 cases were complicating fungal infection ,which was mainly C .albicans .The resistance of P .aeruginosa to imipenem showed upward trend (P<0 .05) ,A .baumannii had higher resistance to commonly used antimicrobial drugs ,but the drug resistance trend had no obvious change(P>0 .05) .Imipenem‐resistant A .bauman(IRAB) ,ESBLs‐producing E .coli and methicillin‐resistant S .aureus (MRSA) in the elderly patients with respiratory tract infection all exceeded 50% of each constitution ratio .Conclusion Multi‐drug resistant bacteria are usually isolated from ICU elderly patients ,their drug resistance rates maintain a higher level .Therefore clinicians should rationally select antibacterial drugs by combining with the laboratory reports ,increase the prevention and management of multi‐drug resistant bacteria and reduce the nosocomial infection occurrence .

The advantages and disadvantages of 13 representative literature information analysis tools were com-pared in aspects of their support data formats, data preprocessing, constructed relationship matrixes, standard pro-cessing, analysis methods and results visualization, with certain suggestions put forward for the users in selecting proper literature information analysis tools.

Objective To explore the value of galactography in diagnosis of nipple discharge diseases. Methods Galactographies in 101 cases with nipple discharge confirmed by operation and pathology were analyzed restrospectively. Results There were breast duct ectasia in 23 cases, breast cystic hyperplasia in 12 cases , ductal inflammation in 8 cases, intraductal papilloma in 46 cases, ductal carcinoma in 9 cases, ductal tuberculosis in 1 case and normal duct in 2 cases. Conclusion The galactography is beneficial in diagnosis of the pathogenesis of galactorrhea and is of great value in differential diagnosis between benign and malignant lesions.

Objective To determine the effects of dose reduction on multi-slice spiral CT(MSCT) of neonatal head and assess the lowest possible radiation for acceptable clinical images.Methods Fifty-seven newborns suspected intracranial hemorrhage were entered into the study and underwent MSCT scans.Original images at three anatomic levels (posterior fossa, basal ganglia, centrum semiovale) were collected and synthetic noise was added so as to simulate dose reductions of 25%, 40%, 50% and 70%, respectively by using the noise addition tool.A total of 855 image data sets were obtained for the 57 patients.Original and simulated dose-reduction scan images were analyzed.Image noise and image quality were assessed by two independent experienced pediatric radiologists using diagnostic acceptability score, subjective image noise score on a 5-peint scale and objective noise index.Image noise was measured by respectively placing region of interest (ROI) at cerebellum, thalamus and corona radiata of 3 different slices.And the noise index and mean value was calculated.The degree of inter-observer concordance was determined by Kappa statistical analysis.The Spearman statistical correlations between the noise index and diagnostic acceptability score were performed.Results On the images of original dose and simulated dose reductions of 25%, 40%, 50% and 70%, the diagnostic acceptability was 4.47±0.51, 3.96±0.33, 3.21±0.45, 2.92±0.32, and 1.85±0.57, respectively,the subjective image scores were 1.62±0.48, 1.99±0.48, 2.76±0.81, 3.19±0.67, and 4.27±0.54, respectively, the noise index were 1.90±0.19, 2.17±0.20.2.44± 0.25, 2.68±0.28, and 3.37±0.39, respectively.The two radiologists had good intembserver agreement for diagnostic acceptability (K=0.860, P=0.017) and for image noise scoff ng (K=0.630, P=0.022).There was significant statistical correlation between image noise index and diagnostic acceptability (r= 0.826,P=0.001).At 40% dose reduction to the standard protocol, the noise index was 2.44 and the image quality score was 3.21 which were considered clinically acceptable.Conclusion The study revealed that acceptable imagos could be obtained with mean noise index of 2.44 and 40% dose reduction.

Objective To observe different effects of cyclic and continuous nutrition infusion on serum nutritional indicators, peripheral white blood cell counts (WBC), arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅲ (APACHE Ⅲ ) score in patients with mechanical ventilated respiratory failure (MVRF).Methods A cross-over and self-controlled trial was conducted in 48 patients with MVRF treated in a medical intensive care unit during December 2006 to June 2009, and continuous nutrition (group A) and cyclic nutrition (group B) were infused respectively for patients of the two groups.Serum levels of albumin (ALB), pre-albumin (PA), transferrin (TR), PaO2, PaCO2, WBC and APACHE Ⅲ score were measured for the patients with 24-hour continuous nutrition (group A) and 16-hour cyclic nutrition (group B)infusion.Effects of the two nutritional therapies were compared.Results After nutrition infusion, serum levels of ALB, PA and TR were (34±3)g/L, (196±28)mg/L and (2.1±0.3 ) g/L in group A, and (35 ±4) g/L, (198 ±25) mg/L and (2.0 ±0.4) g/L in group B, respectively; and PaO2 and PaCO2levels were (92 ± 12) mm Hg ( 1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) and (42 ± 10) mm Hg in group A, and (91 ±9)mm Hg and (42 ± 10) mm Hg in group B, respectively.WBC and APACHE Ⅲ score were ( 11.8 ± 1.7) ×109/L and 38 ±7 in group A, and ( 12.6 ± 1.2) × 109/L and 40 ±6 in group B, respectively.Significant difference in serum levels of PA and TR was found between the two groups (PPA =0.019 and PTR =0.013),while there was no significant difference in other indictors between the two groups.Conclusions 24-hour continuous nutrition infusion for patients with MVRF can obviously improve their serum levels of PA and TR,but has no effect on serum level of ALB, PaO2, WBC and APACHE Ⅲ score in critical ill patients, as compared to those with 16-hour cyclic nutrition infusion.

Objective To investigate the effects of ischemic preconditioning (IP) on the expression of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in hippocampus in a gerbil model of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and the role of ERK and JNK in the mechanism of ischemic cerebral preconditioning. Methods Gerbils of both sexes weighing 50-70kg were randomly divided into 4 groups : ( Ⅰ ) sham operation group; ( Ⅱ ) IP group; (Ⅲ) I/R group and ( Ⅳ ) IP + I/R group. Cerebral ischemia was produced by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries and confirmed by isoelectricity on EEG. In sham operation group bilateral common carotid arteries were exposed but not occluded. In IP and I/R groups the animals were subjected to 3 min (IP group) or 5 min (I/R group) cerebral ischemia respectively. In IP + I/R group the animals first underwent 3 min cerebral ischemia followed by 24h reperfusion and then were again subjected to 5 min cerebral ischemia. Open field test was performed to evaluate the behavioral deficit 1,3,5 and 7 days after ischemia. The animals were sacrificed at 15 min, 2, 4, 6h and 1, 3, 5, 7 days after ischemia. The brains were immediately removed for detection of apoptosis (TUNEL) and expression of p-ERK and JNK (immuno-histochemistry) in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions and microscopic examination. Results Compared with I/R group the behavioral deficit was significantly decreased and the number of living pyramidal neurons was significantly increased and apoptotic neurons significantly decreased in IP + I/R group. No p-ERK expression was detected in CA1 region in all of the 4 groups but in CA3 region the p-ERK expression was significantly higher in group IP + I/R than in group I/R. The p-JNK expression increased gradually during reperfusion in both CA1 and CA3 regions and was still detectable 7 days after ischemia and was significantly lower in CA1 region in group IP + I/R than in group I/R.Conclusion IP protects hippocampal neurons from I/R injury by inhibiting the expression of p-JNK in CA1 region and enhancing the activity of p-ERK in CA3 region