Objective To explore the early diagnosis, option of the surgical procedures, preven-tion and treatment of the complications in patients with pancreatic trauma.Methods All patients with pancreatic trauma during the past 20 years were studied retrospectively in respect of sex, age, cause of injury, grade by AAST, style of operation, therapeutic efficacy, complications and factors for death etc.Statistical analysis was made with Chi-square test.Results In all 148 cases of the present series, 132 underwent surgical interventions including simple suture or external drainage alone, distal pancre-atectomy, distal pancreaticojejunostomy or other internal drainage, diverticularization, Whipple's pro-cedure, and Damage Control Surgery (DCS) etc.Postoperative morbidity was 27.83% with a signifi-cant difference of the incidence of pancreatic fistula between pancreas grade Ⅲ-Ⅴ injuries and grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ(P＜0.01).The mortality rate was 11.49%.The cause of the deaths was mainly massive bleed-ing due to severe associated injuries(76.47%).Among various grades, the difference of the mortality was not significant (P＞0.05).Conclusion To improve the survival rate, it is important to control massive hemorrhage from associated injuries precedes dealing with pancreas trauma.Selection of surgi-cal procedures should be based on whether the main duct is injured.The removing of devitalized tis-sue, adequate external and internal drainage are essential for treatment of pancreatic injuries.Early recognition of pancreatic injury and correct choice of surgical procedures may obviously decrease the in-cidence of postoperative complications.

Objective To probe timely diagnosis and surgical intervention of traumatic diaphragmatic rupture(TDR). Methods The clinical data of 161 patients with TDR treated surgically in our department during the past 17 years were analyzed retrospectively in respects of diagnostic methods,accuracy of preoperative judgment of TDR,incidence of diaphragmatic hernia,surgical procedures and outcome,etc. Results There were 139 males and 22 females at a mean age of 32.4 years(9-84 years),with average ISS of 27.8 points(13-66 points).Of all patients,65.2%had shock at admission.For these 161 patients,36 suffered from blunt injuries and 125 from penetrating injuries.For diaphragmatic injury.preoperative diagnostic rate was 88.9%for blunt injuries and 78.4%for penetrating injuries (P＞0.01).The incidence of diaphragmatic hernia was 94.4%in blunt injuries and 14.4%in penetrating injuries(P＜0.05).In this series,thoracotomy was performed in 30 patients,laparotomy in 106,thoracotomy plus laparotomy in 18 and combined thoraco-laparotomy in 7,with overall fatality rate of 10.6%and a mean ISS of 41.6 points.The mortality rate was 22.2%in blunt injuries and 7.2%in penetrating injuries(P＜0.01).The main causes for death were hemorrhagic shock and septic complications; Conclusions Blunt diaphragmatic injury can be diagnosed by radiographic signs of diaphragmatic hernia.According to"offside sign",which implies a thoracic wound with positive physical or radiological signs in the abdomen or in the thorax,penetrating diaphragmatic injury can be recognized.To deal with diaphragmatic hernia,it is important to judge the vitality of viscera.Penetrating injury has a relatively good prognosis.

Objective To evaluate the effect of rehabilitation training on rats with spinal cord injuries by Meta-analysis. Methods Ar-ticles were searched from PubMed( ~2013),CNKI(1989~2013), WanFang Data( ~2013),VIP(1989~2013),quality of included article was assessed with Jadad scale,and available data was analyzed with RevMan 5. 0 software. Results 287 related articles were identified,but only 11 eligible articles were included. The Meta-analysis of BBB score indicated that the rehabilitation training groups were better than con-trol groups. The BBB score[weighted mean difference(WMD) =1. 87,95%CI(1. 50,2. 33),Z=10. 02,P<0. 01]. There was significant diffence between two groups. Conclusion Rehabilitation training can improve the recover of hindlimb function.

Ethanol can be produced from lignocellulose by first hydrolysing the material to sugars,including hexose,and pentose,and then fermenting the hydrolysate to ethanol.Hydrolysis using dilute-acid has advantages over other methods.However,compounds which inhibit fermentation are generated during this kind of hydrolysis.Therefore,it is important to focus on microorganisms metabolizing xylose and tolerating/decomposing inhibitors,on detoxification methods of hydroly- sates with low-cost and facilitated to scale-up,and different fermentation modes in ethanol production from hydrolysate.This review summarized the advance in above aspects.

Objective To investigate the relationship between expressions of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor(PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2) in 311 cases of breast cancer tissue and their clinical feature. Methods The expressions of ER, PR and Her-2 were detected by immunohistochemistry in 311 cases of breast cancer tissue proved pathologically. Results The positive rate of ER, PR and Her-2 were 59.49 %, 62.70 % and 27.97 % respectively in breast cancer tissues. Compared with non-invasive breast cancer, the expressions of ER and PR significant decreased in invasive breast cancer (P<0.05). The expression of ER decreased to follow the elevation of TNM status of breast cancer (P<0.05). Compared with patients who had not metastasis in axiUary lymph node, the expressions of ER significantly decreased and the expressions of Her-2 significantly increased in patients who had metastasis in axillary lymph node (P<0.05). Conclusion These findings indicate that ER, PR and Her-2 are intimate correlation with clinical feature and maybe participate in biological behaviour regulation of breast cancer. The routine detecting of ER, PR and Her-2 may provide the evidence for breast cancer treatment.

Based on the technology of protein separation with immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC), a method for oriented immobilization of papain has been selected. Papain was successfully immobilized on magnetic agarose carriers. Cu2+ with iminodiacetate (IDA) was used as the chelating ligand to be correlated with the histidine on papain (His-81). The optimum immobilization conditions of enzyme were as flows: Cu2+ 0.15 x 10(-2) mol/g carriers, time was 4h, enzyme load was 30 mg/g carrier, pH was 7.0, respectively. The pH and temperature were 8.0 and 70 degrees C for immobilized enzyme. The recovery activity of immobilized enzyme was retained 68.4%. The carrier could be recovered from the spent immobilized enzyme, to be reused. After 5 times, the reimmobilization of papain on the regenerated matrix was 79.71% effective with the retention of maximum enzyme activity. The cost of carriers used for industrial applications is very important. The regenerability of carriers is therefore, relevant. The mild conditions used for immobilization, the high recovery of immobilized preparations, the stability and the regenerability of the matrix are the main features of the method reported here. All above indicate this method can be applicable and promising in enzyme immobilization field.
Catalysis ; Chelating Agents ; chemistry ; Chromatography, Affinity ; methods ; Copper ; chemistry ; Enzyme Stability ; Enzymes, Immobilized ; chemistry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Imino Acids ; chemistry ; Metals ; Papain ; chemistry ; Temperature

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the epidemiological characteristics and to define some preventive strategies for fall injury (FI). METHODS: The medical records of patients admitted following a fall from a certain height between August 1996 and July 1997 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: A total of 138 patients were assessed, with a mortality of 31.2%. The male-to-female ratio was 3.5:1. The persons between 20 and 59 years old were the main victims (81.8%), of which 52.2% were related with their work altitude. The remaining adults fall because of, accidents in daily life, suicide attempts, drug abuse, alcohol, or criminal behavior. There were significant differences between the death group and the survival group in the Revised Trauma Score (RTS) and the Injury Severity Score (ISS) value (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). Six children fall from balconies, open windows or roofs. There were significant differences for the height of fall and RTS value in aged group than those in children, adolescents, and adults (P<0.001, 0.005, 0.05; and P<0.05, 0.01, 0.05, respectively). The mortality of FI was significantly correlated to the height of fall (r=0.897, P<0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Male adults are the main victims, especially the workers at high altitudes. The mortality of FI is significantly correlated to the height of fall. The preventive strategies developed through analyzing the risk factors of fall in different age groups might reduce the injuries and deaths following fall.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate clinical applicability of a novel technique that can quantify the lamivudine-resistant mutants of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the serum of patients utilizing gene microarray technology.

METHODSThe oligonucleotide microarray was designed to detect 3 important mutational positions. Fifty-one patients who were receiving lamivudine therapy were selected as subjects. The oligonucleotide microarray and traditional sequencing were applied to detect the lamivudine resistant mutation, the monitoring lasted for 24 months. Then the clinical result was analyzed and the obtained data were compared between the two methods.

RESULTSLamivudine resistant mutation was detected in 39 percent of the patients during the 2 years period. The results of the oligonucleotide microarray technique was consistent to the results of traditional sequencing in accuracy and the miroarray was more sensitive in detection of the mixed infection.

CONCLUSIONApplication of the oligonucleotide microarray for quantitative detection of lamivudine-resistant mutation of HBV is feasible.

Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; drug therapy ; virology ; Hepatitis B virus ; drug effects ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; methods

Objective To explore the change of apoptosis factor Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 in the injured segment of rat with spinal cord injury after inhibiting lentivirus expression of inflammation factor TNF-α. To study the relationship between Caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax and TNF-α in spinal cord injury. Mthods Spinal cord contusion model was prepared by Allen method. The relation between tumor necrosis factor alpha and Bcl-2, was predicted by the method of GeneMANIA bioinformatics. The RNA which was packaged by lentivirus constructed the RNA interference model of tumour necrosis factor alpha. After interference of tumor necrosis factor alpha, we used the method of QRT-PCR to assays the mRNA expression of Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 in spinal cord and detect of the localization of Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 by immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis with SPSS17.0. Results SD rats had paraplegia and urinate retentaion because of spinal cord injury. The result of QRT-PCR showed that in the seventh day after SCC, the expression of Caspase-3 reduced significantly (P < 0.05) and Bcl-2 did not change significantly (P > 0.05). Immunohistochemistry experiment results showed that Caspase-3 Bcl-2 and Bax immunoreactive cells were observed in the neurons and glial cells of both white matter and gray matter in the spinal cord. The results were the same with QRT-PCR.. Conclusion TNF-α in rats after SCC can effectively regulate the ratio of Bcl-2 and Bax , and then regulate the expression of Caspase-3 , which may affect the function of apoptosis and function recovery after spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVETo screen and detect the female carriers from the DMD/BMD family members for prenatal or preimplantation genetic diagnosis.

METHODSFor the detection of DMD/BMD carriers from 27 family members in 4 families, PCR to five microsatellite markers(located in 5' terminus and intron 44, 45, 49, 50) and analysis of the short tandem repeat(STR) sequence polymorphism with the use of genescan were implemented.

RESULTSSix of the 17 female members were obligate DMD gene carriers according to the haplotype analysis of the results of the genescan, which conformed with the pedigree analysis. Besides, the authors detected five carriers and five normal females in these families with the use of the haplotype analysis only. The most polymorphic locus was STR 49, and the least was STR 50.

CONCLUSIONThe STR haploid linkage analysis using (CA)n repeats within the human dystrophin gene is a rapid,accurate, objective method and is well suited for routine use in clinical laboratories engaged in DMD/BMD linkage analysis for the detection of carrier.

Female ; Genetic Carrier Screening ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tandem Repeat Sequences