Objective To understand whether long term consumption of purified water can cause lead accumulation and enhance lead toxicity in the rats with chronic lead exposure. Methods 104 male SD weaned rats were randomly divided into eight groups,tap water,purified water,tap water plus lead (lead acetate,Pb2+: 50 mg/L ),purified water plus lead (Pb2+: 50 mg /L),tap water plus lead (Pb2+: 200 mg/L ),purified water plus lead (Pb2+: 200 mg/L),tap water plus lead (Pb2+: 800 mg/L),purified water plus lead (Pb2+: 800 mg/L). All were fed with normal food and kept in the same environmental conditions. The blood samples were collected after 4,6,8,10,24 and 28 weeks of lead exposure. The brain,heart,liver,kidney,bone were sampled at the experimental endpoint and the lead concentration was determined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric method,zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) level was measured by using surface fluorescence method. Results At the same lead exposure level,no difference of blood lead level was observed between the groups of drinking purified water and tap water,however,the lead level in the organs tissue,including brain,heart,liver,kidney,bone,was significantly higher in the group drinking purified water compared with drinking tap water. The blood ZPP level in rats drinking purified water was also higher than the rats drinking tap water,the significant difference were occurred at low lead level exposure (P

Objective To explore the association between waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and dyslipidemia in Chinese adults and to find out an optimal threshold of WHtR for predicting dyslipidemia.Methods A total of 221 270 adults from 4 health checkup centers nationwide were selected by using cluster random sampling method.Height,body weight,waist circumference (WC),total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) were measured.Body mass index (BMI) and WHtR were then calculated.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC) was analyzed and optimal cutoffs were estimated by maximizing the sums of sensitivity and specificity.Results WHtR showed the largest AUCs in the participants with higher TC,TG and LDL-C,followed by increased WC and BMI.In male and female,the optimal thresholds of WHtR,WC and BMI for predicting dyslipidemia were 0.49-0.50 and 0.47-0.49,83-85and 73-76 cm,and 24-25 and 22-23 kg/m2,respectively.Conclusion WHtR may be superior to WC and BMI for predicting dyslipidemia,and an unisex cutoff of 0.5 should be recommended.

AIM: To explore the effect of Bu Shen Yang Xue Ming Mu (BSYXMM) Formula on hydroquinone-induced oxidative stress injury in ARPE-19 cells.METHODS: The oxidative injury model of ARPE-19 cell was induced by exposure to various concentrations of hydroquinone (HQ) to determine the optimal concentration.Intestinal absorption solutions of BSYXMM Formula were prepared.Effect of intestinal absorption solutions of BSYXMM Formula on the cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay,and the percentage of apoptotic cells was measured by TUNEL assay.The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in ARPE-19 cells were detected by means of chemical colorimetry.RESULTS: It was found that ARPE-19 cell viability significantly decreased when the concentration of HQ was higher than 90μmol/L.Compared with the model group,1% and 2% intestinal absorption solutions in the pre-treatment group could significantly alleviate HQ-induced injury (P<0.01) and 0.5% and 5% intestinal absorption solutions in the pre-treatment group could alleviate the injury in certain degree(P<0.05).While in the treatment group 1% and 2% intestinal absorption solutions could alleviate the injury to some extent (P<0.05).TUNEL results showed that the apoptosis rate decreased significantly in the pre-treatment group (P<0.01)and to some extent in the treatment group (P<0.05)compared with the model group.It was shown that both levels of SOD and GSH-Px in pre-treatment group and treatment group were markedly higher than that of model group(P<0.05),and pre-treatment group had more significant effect (P<0.01,P<0.05).CONCLUSION: BSYXMM Formula could protect against HQ-induced oxidative stress injury in ARPE-19 cells,which may be related with the increasing of antioxidant enzyme in the cells.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the efficacy and safety of the Bushen huoxue lishi category TCM compound in the treatment of chronic prostatitis,and provide evidence-based reference for clinical treatment. METHODS:Retrieved from VIP Database,Wanfang Database,CJFD and CBM,randomized controlled trials(RCT)about Bushen huoxue lishi category TCM com-pound preparation (test group) versus conventional Western medicine (control group) in the treatment of chronic prostatitis were collected. Meta-analysis was performed by Rev Man 5.3 software after data extraction and quality evaluation. RESULTS:Totally 22 RCTs were enrolled,involving 1 863 patients. Results of Meta-analysis showed the total effective rate [OR=4.46,95%CI(3.40, 5.84),P<0.001],total scores of chronic prostatitis symptoms[MD=-3.62,95%CI(-5.21,-2.04),P<0.001] and lecithin count [MD=7.58,95%CI(2.15,13.01),P=0.006] in test group were significantly higher than control group,prostatic fluid white blood cell count [MD=-1.68,95%CI(-3.26,-0.10),P=0.04] was significantly lower than control group,with significant differenc-es. CONCLUSIONS:Bushen huoxue lishi category TCM compound has good efficacy in the treatment of chronic prostatitis.

Objective To study the effects of physical training on baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) by monitoring finger arterial pressure among volunteers who had experienced three-months′ aerobic or anaerobic exercises.Methods A total of 16 healthy men were divided into the aerobic exercise+anaerobic exercise group (group A,n=7) and aerobic exercise group (group B,n=9).Each subject was trained for 12 weeks.Head-up tilt (HUT) table test was performed before and 4,8,and 12 weeks after training.Blood pressure,finger arterial pressure and electrocardiogram (ECG) were compared between the two groups.Results The BRS was significantly increased after training in group A,although no changes were found in group B.Conclusion Three-months′ aerobic exercise+anaerobic exercise seems to enhance the BRS; however,three-months′ aerobic exercise may decrease the BRS.

Objective To explore the developmental characteristics of different functional levels of autism and the diffe-rence in children. Methods A total of 159 autistic children aged 13-71 months including 85 high-functioning autistic (HFA) chil-dren and 74 low-functioning autistic (LFA) children were evaluated for their developmental characteristics by the development scales from the psycho-educational profile-revised (PEP-R). Results Within the same age group, both HFA and LFA children had obvious unbalance in individual ability development (H=41.68~113.51, P<0.01). Impaired cognitive performance is most common in HFA children. The development of cognitive performance was inconsistent with cognitive expression while the gross motor development was normal. The ability development in LFA children were all impaired, especially in imitation, cogni-tive performance and cognitive expression. With increasing age, the scores of imitation, perception, cognitive performance, cog-nitive expression and overall development quotient were increased gradually in HFA children (P<0.05) while the scores of cogni-tive performance and overall development quotient were decreased in LFA children. Conclusions Autistic children tend to have abnormal developmental progress and order, and individual ability development varies by functional level in autistic children with increasing age.

Objective To investigate imaging characteristics of multistep hepatocarcinogenesis in cirrhotic livers on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI).Methods Seventy-three patients with 83 nodules in cirrhotic livers underwent hepatic MR imaging with SWI.Two radiologists reviewed MR images by consensus.Imaging characteristics of dysplastic nodules (DN),DN with malignant foci and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were evaluated.Prussian blue staining was performed for semiquantification of hepatic iron content and above cirrhosis-associated nodules.Results Positive iron staining of background liver parenchyma was found in 69 of 73 patients and 4 HCC patients showed iron-negative staining of background liver parenchyma.Nine DNs appeared as hypointensity or isointensity with pathologically confirmed similar (n =7) or slightly decreased (n =2) iron deposition compared with background liver parenchyma.SWI detected 14 of 15 DNs with malignant foci.Seven patients appeared as homogeneous hyperintensity and 1 patient appeared as heterogeneous hyperintensity due to intratumoral hemorrhages.The remaining 6 patients demonstrated as nodule-in-nodule appearance with iron deposition in all background nodules,iron deposition with grade 1 in one internal HCC foci,and iron-free in 5 internal HCC foci.The remaining 50 patients with hepatic iron deposition had 55 HCC lesions.Three HCC lesions had iron deposition with grade 1 to 2 and the remaining 52 HCC lesions were pathologically iron-resistant.HCC appeared as hyperintensity compared with siderotic surrounding liver parenchyma.However,HCCs with diameter larger than 3 cm usually demonstrated heterogeneous hyperintensity due to intratumoral hemorrhage.Conclusions SWI could accurately demonstrate dynamic iron depletion on multistep hepatocarcinogenesis in cirrhotic livers.On SWI images,DNs appear as hypointensity due to siderosis and malignant nodules appear as hyperintensity due to iron depletion.

Objective To investigate the value of susceptibility?weighted imaging (SWI) for characterization of small hepatocellular carcinoma (sHCC) in cirrhotic livers. Methods Two hundred seventy?two patients suspiciousof HCC underwent conventional MR imaging and susceptibility?weighted imaging (SWI). Two hundred and five patients were excluded due to either size larger than 3.0 cm, no cirrhosis or HCC. Finally, a total of 84 hepatocellular nodules in 67 patients were included in this prospective study. There were 22 DNs in 12 cases, 8 DNs with HCC foci in 7 cases, and 54 overt HCCs in 48 cases. Two abdominal radiologists independently evaluated signal intensity and enhancing pattern using conventional MRI set and conventional MRI combining with SWI set. A five?point scale was performed to evaluate diagnostic confidence of HCC. Kappa analysis was performed to assess interobserver agreement of the two sets by two readers.The diagnostic performance and confidence level were compared for each image set,ROC was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency.Results Good interobserver agreement was identified with a Kappa value of 0.923 for conventional MRI set and 0.865 for conventional MRI combining with SWI set, respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the alternative?free response ROC (Az) were 80.6% and 80.6%, 81.8% and 77.3%, 81.0% and 79.8%, 0.804 and 0.782 using conventional MRI set, and 93.5%and 85.5%, 90.9%and 86.4%, 92.9%and 85.7%, 0.898 and 0.859 using conventional MRI combining with SWI set for reader 1 and reader 2, respectively.The diagnostic confidence level of conventional MRI combining with SWI set for diagnosis of HCC with less than 2 cm in size(n=36) was significantly higher than that of conventional MRI (reader 1, 3.86±0.47 vs 3.40±0.91;reader 2, 3.85±0.57 vs 3.41±0.92;t values were 3.733 and 2.468, P were 0.001 and 0.018).Conclusion SWI can provide additional valuable information and improve diagnostic performance for characterization of sHCC in cirrhotic livers.

Objective To study the natural developing characteristics of language skill of the autistic children. Methods 300 untreated autism children were included. Their developmental characteristics of individuals were evaluated by the Psycho-Educational Profile-Revised (PEP-R). Results The developmental quotient of most children (89.33%) was less than 70. And the developmental quotient gradually decreased with age (P<0.01). The scores of language performance and language verbal were deviation (P<0.01). Conclusion Language characteristics of autistic children without treatment is abnormal in development progress and order, and the situation would be worse with age.

Objective To compare disk diffusion with E-test methods for clarithromycin susceptibility testing of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori).Methods A total of 44 strains of H.pylori were isolated from gastric mucosa biopsy from patients undergoing gastroscopic examination.Disk diffusion and E-test methods were used for clarithromycin susceptibility testing of H.pylori.The agreement of disk diffusion and E-test was assessed by linear regression analysis.Results The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tested by E-test method ranged from 0.016 to 256 μg/mL,and drug resistance was observed in 12(27.3％) isolates.In range of 0-35 mm of inhibition diameter,the results of disk diffusion method were correlated well with the MICs obtained by E-test method (r2 =0.91,P ＜0.01).Regression analysis showed that with inhibition diameters≥ 18 mm as considered sensitive to clarithromycin and ≤ 15 mm as resistant,the agreement was 100％ between two methods.Conclusion The disk diffusion method is equivalent to the E-test method for clarithromycin susceptibility testing of H.pylori,which can be an alternative method for clinical application.