Objective To observe the effects of Huangqi Sanxian Decoction,an invigorating kidney and activating blood Chinese medicine,on ultramicrostructure of brain immunocyte of ovariectomized rats.Methods Fifty female rats were randomized into five groups:sham operated group,model group,high-dosage treatment group,low-dosage treatment group and Naofukang control group.The rats models in these groups were established by excising two ovary from dorsal incision,and the same size of fat was excised in the sham operated group.The treatment groups were administrated Huangqi Sanxian Decoction by gastric gavage,the period of treatment for 4 weeks.The status of hippocampal artrocytes,the level of interleukin-6 and serum estradiol were observed after treatment for 4 weeks.Results Ovariectomy can induce hyperplasia of hippocampal artrocytes in the central nervous system,while Huangqi Sanxian Decoction can reduce the artrocyte number,increase the estradiol level and decrease the interleukin-6 level in a dose-dependent manner.Naofukang control group showed no influence on estradiol level.Conclusion Huangqi Sanxian Decoction can inhibit the artrocyte hyperplasia and inflammatory responses in the hippocampas of central nervous system.It exerts protective effects by increasing the estradiol level probably.

Objective To compare the effect of Solitaire AB and Enterprise stent-assisted endovascular embolization of intracranial wide-necked aneurysms. Methods The clinical data 218 patients with intracranial aneurysm treated with Solitaire AB stent or Enterprise stent in Guangdong General Hospital from January 2012 to December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. Seventy patients were treated with Solitaire AB stents and 148 were treated with Enterprise stents. They were followed up after procedure (2 months to 2 years). The Raymond grade and the modified Rankin scale (mRS)scores were used to compare the efficacy of the 2 kinds of stents. Results There were no significant differences in patients before procedure in the Hunt-Hess grade (Z = 1. 550,P = 0. 121),Fisher grade (Z =1. 537,P =0. 124),aneurysm size (Z =0. 192,P =0. 848),and position (χ2 = 0. 337,P = 0. 736)between the 2 stent groups,while there were no significant differences in patients after procedure in the instant Raymond grade (Z = 0. 682,P = 0. 495), follow-up Raymond grade (Z = 0. 206,P =0. 837),and mRS score (P =0. 662)between the 2 stent groups. Further multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the stent type (Solitaire AB stent or Enterprise stent),Raymond grade follow-up grade (OR,0. 029 ,95% CI 0. 126 - 0. 199,P = 0. 661 ),and postoperative mRS score (OR,2. 000,95% CI 0. 204 - 19. 603,P = 0. 552)had no influence on the
prognosis. Conclusions In the assisted embolization of intracranial wide-necked aneurysms using the Solitaire AB and Enterprise stents,the effects of both stents are good in the assisted embolization of intracranial wide-necked aneurysms.

Objective To investigate the effect of lineal polypeptide injection on immune function of severe sepsis patients in ICU.Methods 40 severe sepsis patients in ICU were randomly divided into two groups after signed the consent form:the treatment group (20 cases)and the control group (20 cases).On the 1st day of antibiotic therapy, the patients in the treatment group were simultaneously treated with lineal polypeptide intravenous injection,while the patients in the control group received the same routine treatment,but without lineal polypeptide injection,all with a 10 days treatment course.Blood bacteria culture and drug sensitivity test were completed after entering the hospital. The scores of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA)before treatment and at day 3,7 and 10 of therapy were evaluated.The peripheral blood of patients was taken and send to the clinical laboratory.The WBC,NEU%,PCT, hs -CRP,IL -6,total T lymphocytes (CD +3 )and T lymphocyte subgroup (CD +4 ,CD +8 ,CD +4 /CD +8 )were detected in both the treatment group and the control group.Adverse drug events were also detected in the process of therapy. Results Compared with before treatment[(5.56 ±2.03)points],after 7 days of lineal polypeptide therapy,the SOFA score of the treatment group[(3.48 ±1.83)points]decreased significantly(t =2.793,P <0.05),and after 10 days therapy,the descending degree in the treatment group was more significantly and declined earlier than the control group (t =4.401,P <0.01 ).In the aspect of improving the inflammatory markers,two groups were all improved after therapy,but the degree of improvement in the treatment group was better than the control group.After 7 days therapy,IL -6 level was (37.61 ±7.51)mg/L in the treatment group,while (50.49 ±7.68)mg/L in the control group (t =1.969,P <0.01),and the improvement of NEU% was not found in control group.In the aspect of improving the immune function,the CD +3 ,CD +4 ,CD +4 /CD +8 ratios were increased significantly [before therapy:(41.27 ±6.91)%,(19.65 ±5.29)% and (0.96 ±0.42);after 3 days therapy:(46.57 ±7.11 )%,(24.99 ± 7.70)%,(1.27 ±0.39)],and CD +8 [before therapy:(25.62 ±5.18)%,after 3 days therapy:(23.51 ±3.19)%] was decreased dramatically after 3 days of lineal polypeptide injection treatment,there was significant improvement in time and degree in the treatment group compared with the control group (t =1.390,t =1.407,t =3.974,t =2.081, all P <0.05).No severe adverse drug events were found.Conclusion As an immune modulator,lineal polypeptide injection could effectively improve the immune function of severe sepsis patients in ICU.

Objective To quantify aqueous flare and cells in the eyes of healthy subjects and to evaluate the effect of age and sex on the blood aqueous barrier. Design Prospective case series. Participants Four hundred and forty-two eyes of 221 healthy sub- jects. Methods Aqueous flare and cells of 442 eyes were evaluated with FC-2000 laser flare cell meter (LFCM). Main Outcome Mea- sures Aqueous flare and cells. Results The mean flare values of all of eyes was 4.7?2.9 pc/ms, it was 3.1 pc/ms in the age group of less than 10 years, 3.8 pc/ms in the age group of 40-49 years and 11.0 pc/ms in the age group of 80 years or over. The mean flare val- ues in the age groups of 50 years or over were significantly higher than that in the age group of 40-49 years (P

BACKGROUND:Progressive fracture of the cartilage is considered the characteristic lesion in later osteoarthritis, the expression of osteoarthritis-related factors such as hyaluronic acid, osteopontin and CD44 in osteoarthritic cartilage is increased.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of hyaluronic acid on the expression of osteopontin mRNA and CD44 mRNA of chondrocytes in the in vitro cultured chondrocytes of patients with knee osteoarthritis.
METHODThe cartilage samples obtained from osteoarthritic patients were cultured and purified into acquire chondrocytes in vitro, and the cells were divided into three groupblank control group, hyaluronic acid (100 mg/mL) group and hyaluronidase (200 mg/mL) group. After 48 hours of cellculture, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect the expression of CD44 mRNA and osteopontin mRNA. The difference of the expression levels before and after the intervention of hyaluronic acid was compared and analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the blank control group, hyaluronic acid (100 mg/mL) upregulated osteopontin mRNA expression in the chondrocytes, hyaluronidase (200 mg/mL) also reduced osteopontin mRNA expression in the chondrocytes. The CD44 mRNA expression in the chondrocytes of hyaluronic acid (100 mg/mL) group and hyaluronidase (200 mg/mL) group was lower than that in the blank control group. Hyaluronic acid can upregulate the expression of the osteopontin mRNA expression in the osteoarthritic chondrocytes;the biphasic effects of hyaluronic acid on CD44 mRNA expression in osteoarthritic chondrocytes might be associated with the molecule weight of hyaluronic acid.

Objective To observe protective effects on rat serum cardiac enzymes and the antioxidant capacity of selenium and vitamin E.Methods According to body weight and 2 × 2 factorial design,eighty male Wistas rats were randomly divided into four groups:low selenium and low vitamin E group(feed containing 23.42％ of the low selenium yeast,excluding vitamin E),low selenium and adequate vitamin E group (feed containing 23.42％ of the low selenium yeast and vitamin E 160 mg/kg),adequate selenium and low vitamin E group(feed containing 46.84％ of the low selenium yeast and sodium seleni 0.25 mg/L in water,excluding vitamin E),adequate selenium and adequate vitamin E group(feed containing 46.84％ of the low selenium yeast,vitamin E 160 mg/kg and sodium selenite 0.25 mg/L in water),20 rats every group.Rats were feed with synthetic feed,and given intraperitoneal anesthesia after 26 weeks of feeding.Blood was collected to observe the impact of selenium and vitamin E on rat cardiac enzymes and myocardial antioxidant capacity and their interactions.Serum creatine kinase (CK) was measured using the continuous monitoring method,creatine kinase isozymes (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH ) using the immune suppression method,the whole blood GSH-Px assay using the dithiobis nitrohenzoic acid(DTNB) method,serum superoxide dismutase(SOD) using the xanthine oxidase method,total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) using the complex colorimetry method,the content of propylene glycol (MDA) using the thiobarbituric acid colorimetric method,and reactive oxygen species(ROS) using the colorimetric method.Results Group differences of serum CK,CK-MB,LDH,whole blood GSH-Px activity,serum T-AOC vitality,MDA and ROS content were statistically significant(F=9.797,17.041,48.399,3.744,224.900,49.384,5.045,all P＜ 0.05).Compared with the two low selenium groups and one adequate selenium group,the vitalities of CK,CK-MB,LDH and the contents of MDA[(1577.75 ± 451.87),(1239.15 ± 344.99),(884.25 ± 133.84)U/L,(5.688 ±1.169) × 103 nmol/L; (1474.21 ± 398.38),(1014.84 ± 215.40),(523.00 ± 98.05)U/L,(4.035 ± 0.487 ) × 103 nmol/L and (1180.10 ± 245.51),(948.75 ± 173.68),(676.70 ± 193.63)U/L,(3.406 ± 0.146) × 103 nmol/L]increased significantly in adequate selenium and adequate vitamin E group[( 1056.80 ± 250.98),(721.70 ±129.98),(404.65 ± 72.49)U/L,(3.010 ± 1.270) × 103 nmol/L,all P ＜ 0.05) ].The activity of GSH-Px was obviously increased in the two adequate selenium groups[ (96.611 ± 8.238) × 103,(103.024 ± 8.217) × 103 U/L,all P ＜ 0.05],compared with the two low selenium groups[ (60.356 ± 8.179) × 103,(63.117 ± 8.281) × 103 U/L].Selenium affected the activities of CK,CK-MB and LDH(F =27.09,31.58,29.66,all P＜ 0.01 ),and vitamin E affected the activities of CK-MB and LDH(F=18.9,11.2.all P＜ 0.01 ),but both selenium and vitamin E had no interactions on the activities of CK,CK-MB and LDH (F=0.02,0.001,2.22,all P＞0.05).Selenium affected the activity of GSH-Px and the content of MDA(F=6.74,95.68,all P＜ 0.05),vitamin E affected the activity of T-AOC,the contents of MDA and ROS(F=6.42,36.73,8.43,all P＜0.05),but selenium and vitamin E had interactions only on the content of MDA(F =13.82,P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Long-term selenium or vitamin E deficiency,can reduce the body's antioxidant capacity,leading to the occurrence of myocardial injury.Selenium and vitamin E can improve the body's oxidation capacity,playing a role in myocardial protection.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the status quo of teaching behaviors of teachers in a medical university and identify the factors affecting teaching behaviors to improve the teaching quality.

METHODSAll the staff conducting direct teaching in a medical college were investigated by cross-sectional survey and case-control study. Logistic regression model was established, with the results of teaching quality as dependent variable and influential factors as independent variable. The case-control study was conducted by one-way analysis of unconditional logistic regression and logistic multivariate analysis.

RESULTSThe differences in teaching quality among 38 various teaching behaviors of the university teachers were significant. Four factors in teaching behaviors were found to influence the improvement of teaching from poor to excellent quality, 6 affecting improvement from moderate to excellent and 7 from poor to moderate.

CONCLUSIONThe critical teaching behaviors affecting teaching quality vary with different levels of teaching quality and potentials of improvement, and the closeness of the association also varies.

Case-Control Studies ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Education, Medical ; standards ; Faculty, Medical ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Quality Control ; Staff Development ; methods ; standards ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Teaching ; standards

Objective To compare the expression of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tissue and fluid samples from patients with endometriosis, and investigate whether LIF and IL-6 regulate VEGF in human endometriotic stromal cells (ESC). Methods The levels of VEGF, LIF, IL-6 in serum, peritoneal fluid of patients with and without endometriosis were measured by ELISA. The mRNA of these three factors in the ectopic and eutopic endometrial tissue and stromal cells were measured by real-time PCR. ESC derived from ovarian endometriomas were cultured using the method of primary cell culture with LIF and IL-6, and the level of VEGF mRNA and protein were measured by the method of real-time PCR and ELISA respectively.Results VEGF and IL-6 concentration were 1.2 and 1.3 times higher in the serum of patients with endometriosis than in the control group [(94±19) versus (78±17) ng/L; (45±14) versus (35±9) ng/L; all P<0.05]. VEGF and IL-6 concentration were 1.2 and 1.4 times higher in the peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis than in the control group [(110±25) versus (91±21) ng/L; (69±20) versus (49±15) ng/L; all P<0.05]. VEGF and IL-6 concentrations in peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis were 1.2 and 1.5 times higher than in serum (all P<0.01). VEGF, LIF and IL-6 mRNA expression were 2.2, 8.6, 44.7 times higher in ESC compared with the matching eutopic endometrial stromal cells (all P<0.01). LIF and IL-6 mRNA were 2.0 and 64.8 times higher in ectopic endometrial tissue than the matching eutopic endometrial tissue (all P<0.05).ESC cultured with LIF, IL-6 and LIF+IL-6 induce VEGF protein secretion [(106±18), (124±30), (140±27) ng/L] by 1.3 , 1.5 and 1.7 times (all P<0.05). Conclusion Overexpression of LIF and IL-6 may synergistically contribute to upregulation of VEGF in ESC and promote development of endometriosis.

Objective To observe the effect of PIF1 knockdown on cell growth and cell cycle arrest induced by ionizing radiation.Methods HeLa cell lines that consistently down-regulated PIF1 were prepared by the lentivirus granules interfering technology and confirmed by real-time PCR and Western blotting.The effect of down-regulation of PIF1 on cell growth and cell cycle arrest induced by ionizing radiation was evaluated by cell counting and flow cytometry.Results HeLa cell lines consistently down-regulating PIF1 were established.The growth of HeLa that down-regulated PIF1 was inhibited greatly after 4 Gy of γ-ray irradiation.There was little cell proliferation until the 5th day post 4 Gy γ-ray.Moreover, the S phase block and G2/M phase block of PIF1 knock-downed cell lines were significantly delayed after 8 Gy γ-ray irradiation.Conclusion Knockdown of PIF1 can significantly enhance the radiation sensitivity and delayes the S phase block and G 2 /M phase block induced by ionizing radiation.

Seasonal dynamics of total phenolics (TP), extractable condensed tannins (ECT), protein-bound condensed tannins (PBCT), fiber-bound condensed tannins (FBCT), total condensed tannins (TCT), and protein precipitation capacity (PPC) in young, mature and senescent branchlets of Casuarina equisetifolia were studied at Chishan Forestry Center of Dongshan County, Fujian Province, China. In addition, nitrogen contents of branchlets at the different developmental stages were also determined. The contents of TP and ECT, and PPC in young branchlets were significantly higher than those in mature and senescent branchlets through the season. However, PBCT contents were significantly higher in senescent branchlets than those in young and mature branchlets; FBCT fluctuated with season. Young branchlets had the highest N content, which decreased during branch maturity and senescence. The highest contents of TP and the lowest contents of TCT and N in young and mature branchlets were observed in summer. There was a significant negative correlation between TP and N contents. In contrast, TCT contents were positively correlated to N contents. Nutrient resorption during senescence and high TCT:N ratios in senescent branchlets are the important nutrient conservation strategies for C. equisetifolia.
Nitrogen ; analysis ; Phenols ; analysis ; Seasons ; Tannins ; analysis ; Trees ; chemistry