OBJECTIVE:To exchange the experiences gained from working in the field of total parenteral nutrition(TPN). METHODS:The domestic and overseas literatures concerning TPN were reviewed,and the experiences as a TPN worker were reviewed,summarized and analyzed.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:Clinical pharmacists engaged in TPN work should have a continuing professional education,strengthen their contact with the clinic by making use of their professional advantages,keep analyzing and summarizing the clinical information to promote the development of clinical pharmacy.

Objective: To investigate the incidence of obesity of urban and rural children in Chongqing areas and to explore the relationship between weight and blood pressure.Methods: Screening was performed in 37785 children aged 7 to 17 years from September 2003 to September 2004 in Chongqing areas.Age,gender,weight,height and blood pressure were ascertained.Results:(1) Overweight and obesity prevalence rates in urban children were 13.16% and 3.73%,respectively,and in rural ones,5.26% and 0.90%,respectively.(2) The prevalence rate of overweight and obesity in male children is 13.16%,and 8.39% in female ones.(3) The prevalence rates of increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure in overweight and obesity children were significantly higher than in normal weight ones.Conclusion: The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in urban children in Chongqing areas are higher than in rural ones.The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in male children are higher than in female ones,and the blood pressure increased progressively as the BMI increased.The behavior intervention should be strengthened in overweight and obesity children.

Objective:To study the expression of Bcl-2 protein in the brain tissue of paitents with drug-refractory epilepsy and its clinical value. Methods:immunohistochemistry、immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 protein in the surgically removed brain tissue of patients with drug-refractory epilepsy from the brain bank of our department(n=20),and the results were compared with that of normal controls(n=20). Results:Bcl-2 protein expression was significantly increased in temporal lobe cortex and hippocampus of patients with drug-refractory epilepsy compared with controls in the same regions, and there was significant difference between patient group and control group by t-test. Conclusion:The results indicate that the overexpression of Bcl-2 in the cortex of temporal lobe and hippocampus may be involved in the pathophysiology of drug-refractory epilepsy.

Objective:To visualize the artery of Adamkicwicz in patients with thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm using multi-detector row spiral CT angiography (MDCTA).Methods:Thirty-one patients with thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm underwent MDCTA.Various reconstruction techniques including multiplanar reformation (MPR),maximum intensity projection (MIP) and curved planar reformation (CPR) were used to visualize the origin,the branching patterns and the entire course of the artery of Adamkiewicz.Results:The anterior spinal artery was clearly visualized in all patients.The artery of Adamkiewicz was visualized in 28 of 31 aneurysmal patients(90.3%).The anatomic continuity of the entire course of the artery of Adamkiewicz,starting from the aorta to the intercostals artery and entering in the anterior spinal artery,was clearly depicted in 19 of 31 patients(61.3%).Two arteries of Adamkiewicz were identified in 7 of the 28 patients (25%).There were twenty-seven arteries of Adamkiewicz (27/35,77.1%) originated from the left side and thirty-three (33/35,94.3%) originated between the level from T 7 to T 12 .Conclusion:MDCTA can clearly depict the detailed anatomy of the artery of Adamkiewicz in patients with thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm.As a noninvasive imaging technique,optimized MDCTA should therefore be the method of choice for the depiction of the artery of Adamkiewicz.

Hemophilia B is an X chromosome linked hereditary hemorrhagic disease, which is caused by the lose function mutation of factor IX (FIX), and significantly affects the patients' lifespan and life quality. The severity of hemophilia B depends on the FIX level in the plasma. By referring to the relevant literatures, we reviewed and summarized hemophilia B replacement therapies. Specifically, we focus on recombinant factor IX products on the market and those in the pipeline, especially on the long-acting factor IX drugs, to provide the basis for researches of new hemophilia B drugs.
Factor IX ; genetics ; therapeutic use ; Hemophilia B ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Mutation ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use

Objective To probe into the influence of active nursing intervention on the ability of daily living of patients with senile dementia. Methods Nursing of daily living, training for self-care and cognitive capacity, safety management and psychological nursing were carried out in a total of 33 patients who suffered from senile dementia. 6 months later, the effect of nursing intervention was appraised. Re-sults The ability of daily living of 33 patients with senile dementia had obvious improvement after nursing intervention compared with that before nursing intervention. Conclusions Active nursing intervention can largely facilitate the ability of daily living of patients with senile dementia.

Prostasomes are one of the subcellular structures secreted by prostatic epithelial cells.They present in human semen as membranous vesicles with average diameter of 150nm(40-500nm).440 proteins have been identified in human prostasomes and possess many physical functions.Prostasomes may not only exert a motility function for spermatozoa by delaying the acrosome reaction,but also have immune regulatory function,antibacterial and antioxidant characteristics.Prostasomes can be isolated from the serum and urine,and they present both in normal and prostatic cancer tissues.Prostasome can be a special prostatic biomarker and has a close association with prostatitis and prostate cancer.

Objective:To discuss the important role of clinical pharmacists in the prevention of medication errors and rational drug use through medication reconciliation in endocrinology department. Methods: The medication reconciliation was given to the diabetic patients over 70 years old newly admitted in the endocrinology department from January to April 2016, and the consistency and appro-priateness of medication orders were verified and the results were collected and analyzed by the pharmacists. Results: Totally 84 pa-tients were enrolled into the research with the average age of (76. 3 ± 5. 0) and the average number of combined diseases of (3. 5 ± 1. 2). The average medications taken by the patients before the admission were (6. 7 ± 2. 9), and 22. 6% of the patients took tradi-tional Chinese medicines and 4. 76% of the patients took health products. The patients whose medications for 24h needed intervention accounted for 27. 38%, the medications orders needed intervention accounted for 3. 67%, and the intervention success rate of clinical pharmacist was 100%. Conclusion:To the patients over 70 years old with type 2 diabetes and multiple diseases treated with a variety of medications, medication reconciliation in 24 hours can effectively prevent the medication errors and promote the rational drug use.

Ligustrazine is one of the active ingredients of chuanxiong. Modern medical research indicated that ligustrazine had the effect of improving microcirculation, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrosis, which showed the potential function of ligustrazine in the prevention and treatment of postoperative abdominal adhesions. The basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) also believed that ligustrazine had the unique double effect of regulating both qi and blood. Therefore, ligustrazin had broad research and application prospects in the prevention and treatment of postoperative abdominal adhesions. This article reviewed studies of ligustrazine in the prevention and treatment of postoperative abdominal adhesions in recent years from four aspects, which were theoretical basis, clinical application, mechanism research and pharmaceutical dosage forms. It identified the research status and advantages of ligustrazine in the prevention and treatment of postoperative abdominal adhesions. It also pointed out shortages in the clinical application, such as unstandardized medication, small sample size study and etc. There were insufficient deep and clear studies in the research of mechanism. In the aspect of pharmaceutical dosage forms, the thinking should be expanded with innovation. It will provide basis and direction for research and application in the future, in order to further elucidate mechanisms in the prevention and treatment of postoperative abdominal adhesions as well as provide theory basis, research thinking and methods for the real display of advantages in TCM.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of metoclopramide and ondansetron in preventing nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy or operation. Methods Medline database from 1966 to 2002 and CBMdisc database from 1978 to 2002 were used for sources. The studies were set up according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The information about trial design, characters of participants and results from the data were independently extracted, and the studies were blindly evaluated by two authors. The studies were tested for heterogeneity of the odds ratio (OR).Results A total of 33 studies were collected (score range of 65-95), of which 19 were high quality for its score(≥85).Ondansetron was more effective than metoclopramide on preventing nausea and vomiting in short term (within one day and three days), and they have similar effects on preventing nausea and vomiting in the long term (more than three days). However, the pooled OR of effective rate of metoclopramide and ondansetron were 0.13-0.70 (P