To provide an effective approach to select, develop, interpret and apply well-designed quality indicators. Then to promote the continual improvement of laboratory quality and to assure patient safety. We focused on the quality cycle of selecting, development, implementation and processing for quality indicators. And some examples for essential activities in the development and use of quality indicators were shown. Through the presentation of process and examples, we put forward an organized approach that provides the laboratory with a plan to structure its development of quality indicators to gather useful information. Quality indicators are important. However, they should be integrated with internal review plan, External Quality Assessment (EQA) and the process of activities in plan. Only then can we really promote the continual improvement of quality.

Objective To explore influence of hypertriglyceridemia on serum NO ET-1 and the grade of the pathology severity in rats with severe acute pancreatitis. Methods 36 SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, group A (HLSAP group) , group B (SAP group). Severe acute pancreatitis was constructed by retrograde injection of 5% na-taurocholate. Blood samples were taken from all subjects to measure triglyceride, ET-1 and NO, pancreatic tissue samples were taken from head of pancreas and stained with H. E. , the degree of pancreatic damage was observed according to the point score of Schmidt and Pozsar's methods. Results In group A, the concentration of ET-1 increased more obviously than that in group B at 4 hour and 8 hour period(P ＜0. 05). The concentration of NO declined both in group A and group B at 12 hours period,but it had a great decline in group A. Animals with hyperlipidemia and severe acute pancreatitis developed significantly higher(P ＜0. 05) ET-1 than the animals of the non-hyperlipamic severe acute pancreatit group in 4 hours and 8 hours period. NO declined in group A and group B at 12 hours period, group A have significantly higher(P ＜0. 05) decline than group B in NO. The histological degree of pancreatic damage were significantly higher in group A than that in the group B at all times. Conclusions Mircrocirculation disorder had existed disorder in the early of SAP. Hypertriglyceridemia could incrase ET-1 and NO earlier and higher in severe acute pancreatitis, and then decline in the late stage. Hypertriglyceridemia intensified the pathologichistological degree of pancreatic damage.

Cough ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Gastrodin (GAS) is the major bioactive component of the extracts from the rhizome of Gastrodia elata Blume. The aim of this study is to investigate the transport of GAS in Caco-2 cells and the interaction of P-glycoprotein and GAS. The apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) of GAS were measured as a function of directions and concentrations. It was demonstrated that the efflux ratio was < 2.0 over the range of 50-500 micromol x L(-1) of GAS from bi-directional transport studies. The transport rate of GAS was dependent on the concentrations. Papp of GAS was not affected by transport directions, GAS concentration or the classical inhibitors of P-glycoprotein (verapamil and GF 120918). The cellular accumulation of GAS in Bcap37/MDR1 cells transected with hMDR1 gene, was similar to that in Bcap37 cells. The accumulation in both cell lines was concentration dependent. GAS did not affect the accumulation of Rhodamine 123 in Bcap37/MDR1 cells over the range of 50-500 micromol x L(-1). It indicated that the transport of GAS in Caco-2 cell monolayers mainly is by passive paracellular transport pathway. P-glycoprotein did not participate in the absorption of GAS in the intestine or the transport across the blood-brain barrier.

AIM To express recombinant human cytochrome P450 3A4 mutants CYP3A4.3, CYP3A4.4, CYP3A4.5 and CYP3A4.18, and to employ them for in vitro metabolism studies of CYP3A4. METHODS Use Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system to recombinant baculovirus carrying cDNA of CYP3A4 mutants CYP3A4.3, CYP3A4.4, CYP3A4.5 and CYP3A4.18. Spodoptera frugiperda 9 (Sf9), cells were co-infected by recombinant viruses of CYP3A4 mutants, human NADPH-P450 oxidoreductase and cytochrome b5 to obtain recombinant proteins CYP3A4.3, CYP3A4.4, CYP3A4.5 and CYP3A4.18 with metabolic activity. RESULTS The mRNA transcription of CYP3A4 mutants in Sf9 cells were validated by RT-PCR. Testosterone and 7-benzyloxy-4-(trifluoromethyl) coumarin were metabolized by the lysates of Sf9 cells infected by the recombinant viruses. CONCLUSION CYP3A4 mutants CYP3A4.3, CYP3A4.4, CYP3A4.5 and CYP3A4.18 with metabolic activity were successfully expressed by baculovirus-insect cell expression system. The results indicated that recombinant CYP3A4. 5 showed lower activity comparing to the wild type protein towards testosterone, while CYP3A4. 18 with higher activity, and for CYP3A4.3 and CYP3A4.4 showing similar activity to the wild type protein.

Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; trends ; Phytotherapy

In recent years, there is some new recognition about the origin of prostatic carcinoma, prostatic carcinoma has been considered as a stem cell disease. Prostate cancer stem cells have close relationship with prostatic carcinoma formation, advancement, relapse, metastasis and drug resistance. As the development of science and technology continues, studies on the isolation and correlated phenotype identification of prostate cancer stem cells have lead us to further recognize prostate cancer stem cells, as well pave a new way for the diagnosis and therapy of clinical prostatic carcinoma.

Objective To detect the value of qualitative and orientating diagnosis in the degeneration stage of cerebral cysticercosis with Gd-DTPA enhanced MR. Methods Sixty-nine cases of cerebral cysticercosis were diagnosed by enhanced MR as degeneration stage, and confirmed by immunological examination and/or by surgery. MR plain scanning was conducted for the same cases. Results The plain scanning showed single or multiple lesions with long T1 and long T2 signals, and the enhanced scanning showed nodular or annular lesions. The diameter of the lesion after enhanced scan was not more than 22mm with an average value of 8.1mm. Some cases showed single lesion on plain scanning but showed multiple lesions after enhanced scan. Conclusion The enhanced MR shows more typical features of the degeneration stage cerebral cysticercosis. It can define the number, position and range of the lesions, and can improve the accuracy of differential diagnosis, and therefore be of importance in formulating treatment scheme and prognosis.

Objective To investigate the functional changes of osteoblasts in female SD rats in vivo at different phases following ovariectomy and to analyze their mechanism. Methods 40 female SD rats aged 6 months were randomly divided into 2 groups: the sham operated group and the ovariectomized (OVX) group. During the 4-month experiment, 10 rats from each group were sacrificed to have the serum and the 4th lumbar vertebrae specimens at the end of the 2nd week and the 16th week respectively. Serum bone gla protein (BGP), serum bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) were measured. The excretive function and morphologic changes of the osteoblasts were observed under TEM (Transmission Electronic Microscope). Results In the OVX group, the levels of BGP and BALP all increased at the end of the 2nd week, but showed no significant difference from those in the control group at the end of the 16th week. TEM indicated osteoblasts were activated at the end of the 2nd week, but tended to be inactivated in the ovariectomized group at the end of the 16th week. Conclusions When estrogen decreases in ovariectomized rats, osteoblasts experience a short activated period, but their capacity of bone formation decreases in the end. Abnormal function of osteoblasts may play an important role in pathogenesis of osteoporosis.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical and bacterial efficacy and safety of cefoperazone/sulbactam(Sulperazone) on severe nosocomial lower respiratory infections. METHODS The clinical materials in the treatment of severe nosocomical lower respiratory infections from Mar 2002 to Mar 2005 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS The overall clinical efficacy rate of Sulperazone was 83.9%,the bacterial eradication rate was 92.%,The sensitivity rate to Sulperazone was 88.2%.There was no adverse reaction in the observation. CONCLUSIONS Sulperazone is effective and safe in the treatment of severe nosocomial lower respiratory infection.