Objective To determine the concentration difference in protoporphyrin in cancerous intestine and to discuss its application in laser-induced autofluorescence diagnosis for colorectal cancer at early stage.Methods We detected the concentration of protoporphyrin Ⅸ in 30 patients with colorectal cancer and 30 control patients, as well as that in 60 cases of intestinal tissues (30 control tissues and 30 cancer tissues).Results The concentration of blood protoporphyrin Ⅸ in patients with colorectal cancer was significantly higher than that in the controls (P<0.05). Protoporphyrin Ⅸ concentration in the cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in the control tissues (P<0.05).Conclusion That the concentration of protoporphyrin in cancerous intestine becomes abnormally high may be the material basis for spectrum intensity peak of (644.3±5.7)nm in laser-induced autofluorescence diagnosis for colorectal cancer at early stage.

Objective To explore the correlation between ultrasonographic characteristics and pathologic types of pediatric appendicitis.Methods 123 pediatric patients who were suspected of appendicitis meanwhile obtained ultrasonography scan and got final diagnosis were enrolled in this study.The characteristics of ultrasonograghy were analyzed,classified and compared with surgical and pathological results.Results All cases were confirmed by surgery and pathology.Appendicitis was comfirmed in 115 patients,including simple appendicitis in 3 cases,purulent appendicitis in 67 cases and gangrenous appendicitis in 45 cases.Appendicitis was diagnosed by ultrasonography in 114 patients and excluded in 9 patients.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of ultrasonography in diagnosis of appendicitis was 99.1％ (113/114),88.9 ％ (8/9),98.4 ％ (121 / 123),respectively.Ultrasonographic characteristics of pediatric appendicitis were correlated well with the pathologic types.Conclusion Ultrasonography has great value in diagnosis and classification of pediatric appendicitis.

Objective:To evaluate the accuracy of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI-MRI) combined with high resolution temporal bone CT (HRCT) in the location diagnosis of middle ear cholesteatoma and its value in the postoperative follow-up.Methods:134 patients with inital cholesteatoma and 22 patients with suspected recurrent cholesteatoma were selected for HRCT, conventional MRI and DWI examination. Based on the intraoperative and pathological diagnosis, DWI and HRCT images were combined to evaluate the consistency between the lesion location and invasion area of the initial cholesteatoma and intraoperative lesions. The results of HRCT and DWI in the diagnosis of recurrent middle ear cholesteatoma were statistically analyzed to evaluate their diagnostic efficacy.Results:The accuracy rate of DWI combined with HRCT was 90.3%.The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of HRCT and DWI in the diagnosis of recurrent middle ear cholesteatoma were 27.8%, 75.0%, 83.3%, 18.8% and 100%, 75.0%, 94.7% and 100%, respectively, and the Kappa values consistent with the pathological results were 0.024 and 0.843, respectively. Chi-square test confirmed that there were differences in the diagnosis between groups ( P<0.001). Conclusions:Combined with the high sensitivity of DWI and the high resolution of HRCT, the accuracy of preoperative positioning of the newly diagnosed cholesteatoma can be improved and surgery strategy can be guided. DWI is also of high diagnostic value for recurrent cholesteatoma in the middle ear.

Objective    To explore the safety and effectiveness of different interventional approaches for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in children. Methods    The children (≤7 years) who underwent interventional treatment for PDA from 2019 to 2020 in our hospital were retrospectively included. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the procedures: a conventional arteriovenous approach group, a simple venous approach group, and a retrograde femoral artery approach group. The clinical efficacy of the patients was compared. Results     A total of 220 patients were included. There were 78 males and 142 females, with an average age of 3.21±1.73 years, weight of 14.99±5.35 kg, and height of 96.19±15.77 cm. The average diameter of the PDA was 3.35±1.34 mm. A total of 85 patients received a conventional arteriovenous approach, 104 patients received a simple venous approach, and 31 patients received a retrograde femoral artery approach. The diameter of PDA in the retrograde femoral artery group was smaller than that in the other two groups (3.44±1.43 mm vs. 1.99±0.55 mm; 3.69±1.17 mm vs. 1.99±0.55 mm, P<0.001); the contrast medium usage [40 (30, 50) mL vs. 20 (20, 30) mL; 35 (25, 50) mL vs. 20 (20, 30) mL, P≤0.001] and operation time [32 (26, 44) min vs. 25 (23, 30) min; 29 (25, 38) min vs. 25 (23, 30) min, P<0.05] in the simple venous approach group were significantly less or shorter than those in the other two groups; the length of hospital stay of the conventional arteriovenous group was longer than that in the other two groups [3 (3, 5) d vs. 4 (3, 6) d; 4 (3, 5) d vs. 4 (3, 6) d, P<0.05]. There was no significant difference in postoperative complications. Conclusion    It is safe and effective to close PDA through simple venous approach. The retrograde femoral artery approach has the advantage of simplifying the surgical procedure for PDA with small diameters.