With the development of oncology nutrition,the importance of nutrition therapy in the multidisci-plinary treatment of cancer patients is gradually emerging.The incidence and degree of malnutrition was higher and more serious in cancer patients than in other patients,the accurate assessment of the nutritional status and the timely and individualized nutritional support are significant for the patients with malnutrition.This paper reviewed the current research status of nutritional screening and assessment methods in cancer patients,in order to provide references for understanding the nutritional status and carrying on reasonable nutrition therapy.

Objective To study the correlation between the polymorphism of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes and the susceptibility to the development of COPD. Methods Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes in 91 cases of the patients with COPD (COPD group) and 44 cases of the subjects without COPD (control group), and their susceptibility to the development of COPD were analyzed according to their gender, age and smoking history. Results There was significant difference in the frequency of GSTM1 0/0 genotype between the two groups of male persons with more than 40 years old (P

There is an increasing interest and popularity of Chinese herbal medicine worldwide, which is accompanied by increasing concerns about its effectiveness and potential toxicity. Several ingredients, such as polyphenolic compounds berberine, flavonoids, and curcumin, have been studied extensively by using various animal models. Effectiveness of treatment and amelioration of metabolic syndromes, including insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, has been demonstrated. This review summarizes the major checkpoints and contributing factors in regulation of exogenous and endogenous lipid metabolism, with particular emphasis centered on triglyceride-rich and cholesterol-rich lipoproteins. Available experimental evidence demonstrating the lipid-lowering effect of berberine, flavonoids and curcumin in cell culture and animal models is compiled, and the strengths and shortcomings of experimental designs in these studies are discussed.

Objective To explore the clinical features, characteristics of neuroimaging and prognosis of toxic encephalopathy induced by 1,2- Dichloroethane. Methods The clinical features,characteristics of neuroimaging and prognosis in eight cases with toxic encephalopathy induced by 1,2- Dichloroethane were analyzed retrospectively. Results In acute or subacute stage of toxic encephalopathy induced by 1,2- Dichloroethane, the whole brain injury symptoms and severe intracranial hypertension were the main neurological manifestations. CT and MR examination showed diffused encephaledema and brain swelling. DWI test showed the symmetric diffused low density lesions in white matter of cerebral hemisphere,and the average values of ADC decreased significantly. With the disease improving, the brain swelling was alleviated, the brain lesion foci reduced gradually, and the average values of ADC increased. The prognosis will be improved dramatically if sufficient mannitol, hormone and high pressure oxygen were used in the early stage. Conclusion The diagnosis of toxic encephalopathy induced by 1,2- Dichloroethane depends mainly on the clear toxicant contact history, clinical features and characteristics of neuroimaging. Taking effective measures in the early stage to control actively the encephaledema would be beneficial to the prognosis.

Objective To investigate the association between plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels and cystathionineβsynthase (CBS) T833C gene polymorphism with essential hypertension in Xinjiang Kazakh and Han populations. Methods A total of 239 Kazak patients with hypertension (Kazak EH group), 206 Kazak people with normal blood pressure (Kazak con?trol group), 256 Han patients with hypertension (Han EH group) and 206 Han people with normal blood pressure (Han con?trol group) were selected for the study. Amplification refractory mutation system(ARMS) was used to analyze the polymor?phism of CBS gene T833C,TT,TC and CC genotypes and the various sites of T,C allele frequencies in four groups. In the meantime, the Hcy level and related biochemical indices were detected using automatic biochemical analyzer. Results The plasma Hcy levels were significantly higher in Kazak EH group and Han EH group than those of Kazak control group and Han control group (P<0.05). The C allele frequencies were significantly higher in Kazak EH group than that of Kazak control group (P<0.05). The plasma level of Hcy was significantly lower in Kazakh and Han people with TT genotypes than that of TC genotypes (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the frequency of genotypes and alleles between Han EH group and Han control group (P>0.05).Conclusion The Cystathionineβsynthase gene of T833C polymorphism may be associated with essential hypertension in Kazak people in Xinjiang, but no such association in Han population in Xinji?ang. The mechanism may be related to the altered metabolism of Hcy induced by CBS mutation.

Objective: To explore the possible mechanism of moxibustion in myocardial protection of rats undergoing long-term fatigue exercise based on observing the classical pyroptosis pathway mediated by nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)/cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 1 (Caspase-1).Methods: A total of 50 specific-pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats were bought. Ten unqualified rats were excluded, and the remaining 40 rats were divided into a normal group, a normal + Shenque (CV8) group, a model group, a model + non-meridian non-point group, and a model + Shenque (CV8) group according to the random number table method, with 8 rats in each group. Except for rats in the normal group and the normal + Shenque (CV8) group, rats in the other three groups were trained with an incline running table exercise protocol to create a long-term fatigue exercise model, 1 h/time, once a day for 5 d with 2 d off, for a total of 8 weeks. Rats in the normal group received no modeling or intervention. Rats in the normal + Shenque (CV8) group were not modeled but received mild moxibustion at Shenque (CV8); those in the model group were modeled only without intervention; those in the model + non-meridian non-point group received moxibustion at non-meridian and non-point spots after the modeling; those in the model + Shenque (CV8) group received moxibustion at Shenque (CV8) after modeling. The above moxibustion interventions were performed for 15 min/time once daily, for 5 d with 2 d off per week and a total of 8 weeks. Blood was collected from the femoral artery 4 h after the last exercise, and the serum interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 levels were measured. The NF-κB, NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), Caspase-1, and gasdermin D (GSDMD) expression levels were detected by Western blotting. Myocardial morphology and pyroptosis were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and electron microscopy. Results: The HE staining results showed that the myocardial cells in the model group and the model + non-meridian non-point group were disorganized with blurred transverse lines, widened interstitial spaces, interstitial edema, and inflammatory cell infiltration. The structure of myocardial cells in the model + Shenque (CV8) group was clearly visible, with slightly widened interstitial spaces and occasional infiltration of inflammatory cells in the interstitium. Compared with the normal group, the serum IL-1β and IL-18 levels were increased, and myocardial NF-κB, NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, and GSDMD expression levels were elevated in the model group and the model + non-meridian non-point group (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the above indicators did not change significantly in the model + non-meridian non-point group, while all the above indicators were decreased in the model + Shenque (CV8) group (P<0.01). Compared with the model + non-meridian non-point group, all the above biochemical indicators were decreased in the model + Shenque (CV8) group (P<0.01). Transmission electron microscopy showed that the mitochondria number was increased in the model group and the model + non-meridian non-point group, some of the mitochondrial lumen was irregularly enlarged, the cell membrane structure was unclear, and chromatin was aggregated. The mitochondria number was increased, the swelling was reduced, and the nuclear membrane structure was more intact in the model + Shenque (CV8) group. Conclusion: Moxibustion at Shenque (CV8) regulates the NF-κB/NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway and reduces the pyroptosisin the myocardium of rats with long-term fatigue exercise, thus reducing the myocardial injury caused by long-term fatigue exercise.

Objective To study the anti-tumor activity of quercetin in NB4 leukemia cells and the roles of PI3K/Akt,bcl-2,and Bax on the quercetin-induced apoptosis,and to investigate the potential underlying mechanism.Methods MTT assay was used to monitor cell proliferation,Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining and flow cytometry were employed to detect apoptosis in NB4 cells.Western blot was used to detect the expression changes of related proteins in quercetin treated NB4 cells.Confocal laser microscopy was used to test the distributional variation of Akt between cytoplasm and nucleus.Results Quercetin significantly inhibited the NB4 cell proliferation in a dose-and time-dependent manner (20-160 μ mol/L).In addition,treated by 20,40 80 μmol/L quercetin,the rates of apoptosis were (9.25±0.11) ％,(20.83±2.10) ％and (41.43±2.90) ％,there were statistical difference compared with blank cells (t were 4.14,6.56 and 7.02,all P ＜ 0.05).This was concentration dependent and accompanied by morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis.Further,quercetin induced a G~M arrest,which might account for its cytotoxic effects.Quercetin decreased PI3k/Akt expression and caused an inhibition of the anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2,while increasing the expression of Bax.Quercetin had no effects on total Akt,but it promoted Akt translocation from cell nucleus to the cytoplasm (F =15.12,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Quercetin induces the leukemia NB4 cell apoptosis by affecting multiple signal pathways and plays a strong anti-leukemia effect.In addition,our results suggest that PI3K/Akt pathway could be a novel target for the leukemia chemotherapy.

Objective To review the first case of paired-exchange kidney transplantation between two couples in China.Methods In April 2006,two cases of paired-exchange living kidney transplantations were successfully performed.Husband 1 in blood type O received a kidney donated from husband 2 in blood type O,while wife 2 in blood type A received a kidney from wife 1 in blood type A.Results The transplantation was performed smoothly.Renal graft in husband 1 functioned for 21 months,and the recipient died at 9th month due to infection.Graft survival and patient survival in wife 2 were 30 month and 31 month respectively.Conclusion Paired-exchange of living-related kidney donation and transplantation,as an effective pathway to resolve the shortage of organ,could be programmed with cautious medical guideline,ethical consideration and legal framework in China.

Objective To observe the variation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and microglia in the comorbidity of neuropathic pain and depression and discuss the related mechanism.Methods The spared nerve injury model was used.Forty-four male adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following four groups (n=11 each): sham+vehicle group (group SV), sham+APO group (group SA), SNI+vehicle group (group SNV), SNI+APO group (group SNA).In groups SA and SNA, rats were intraperitoneally injected with apocynin (APO) 15 mg/kg 24 hours and 1 hour before SNI and continued once daily until the 14th day.The rats in the other two groups received the equal volume of vehicle.The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) was tested 1 day before SNI and 7 days and 14 days after SNI, and the open field test, the forced swimming test and the sucrose preference test were performed 14 days after SNI.The prefrontal cortex were collected 2 hour after the behavior tests.The expression of gp91phox was detected by Western blot and the expression of Iba1 and gp91phox were detected by double-immunofluorescance staining.Results The reduced MWT, the increased immobility time, the decreased sucrose consumption and the increased content of gp91phox were observed in group SNV compared with groups SV, SA and SNA (P<0.05).The expression of Iba1 and gp91phox were increased in group SNV.The total travel distance in the open field test and the total liquid consumption in the sucrose preference test had no significant difference among the four groups.Conclusion Neuropathic pain may induce depressive behaviors and activate NADPH oxidase in the prefrontal cortex.Moreover, the inhibition of NADPH oxidase by APO can alleviate neuropathic pain and depression, which is potentially related to the activation of microglia.

Aim To investigate the molecular mecha-nism for the inhibitory effect of puerarin on IL-6 secre-tion in human osteoblast-likeMG-63 cells. Methods According to our previous studies, human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells containing two estrogen receptor ( ER) isoforms are a suitable model for this study. En-zyme-linked immnosorbent assay (ELISA), RT-PCR, luciferase reporter assay and small interfering RNA were performed to investigate the effect of puerarin on IL-6 expression in osteoblast-derived cells and underly-ing molecular mechanism. Results Puerarin could obviously inhibit IL-6 expression and IL-6 promoter ac-tivity by human osteoblastic MG-63 cells. Treatment with the ER antagonist ICI 182,780 abrogates the a-bove actions of puerarin on osteoblast-derived cells. U-sing siRNA technology, we further demonstrated that the effects of puerarin on IL-6 production were media-ted by ERα. Conclusion The effect of puerarin on IL-6 production in osteoblast is mediated by ERα.