Objective To observe the effects of enriched environment on cognitive function in mice with sepsis-associated encephalopathy and to study the neuron PAS domain protein 4 (NPAS4)/brain deprive neurotrophic factor (BDNF)related mechanisms.Methods Sixty adult male mice were divided randomly into three groups:sham operation with standard environment group (group SS,n =12),cecal ligation and puncture with standard environment group (group CS,n =24),cecal ligation and puncture with enriched environment group (group CE,n =24).All mice were reared in standard environment or enriched environment for 28 days.The fear condition test was conducted on day 29 af-ter operation in mice.The change of NPAS4 and BDNF,the density of dendritic spine were detected by western blot or golgi staining.Results Compared with group SS,the context freezing time, NPAS4 and BDNF expression and the density of dendritic spine in hippocampus decreased significantly in group CS (P < 0.05).Compared with group CS,the context freezing time,NPAS4 and BDNF expression and the density of dendritic spine in hippocampus increased significantly in group CE (P <0.05).No significant difference was observed in the conditional freezing time among three groups.Conclusion Enriched environment can obviously improve cognitive function impairment induced by sepsis-associated encephalopathy,which may be related with up-regulated expression of NPAS4/BDNF,and promoted synaptic plasticity.

Objective:To probe into the mechanism of the formation of neuroma and stump pai n,and the development of nerve fibres after the proximal ends of peripheral nerv e were bridged by pedicled skeletal muscle.Methods:Forty Wister white rats were randomly divided into experimental group an d control group.The left sciatic nerves of all the rats were transected at the s ame level,and the distal parts of nerves were cut off. The proximal end of the t ransected sciatic nerve in th experimental group was longitudinally divided into two parts,and the two ends were bridged by pedicled skeletal muscle.The proxima l ends of sciatic nerves were left in situ.The sciatic nerves were detected afte r 16 weeks.Results:In experimental group,the regenerated nerve fibres grew into skeletal mu scle bridge via anastomosis and distributed among the skeletal fascicle,and ther e was no formation of neuroma.Conclusion:The pedicled skeletal muscle bridging of the proximal ends of the amp utated peripheral nerves may prevent the formation of neuroma.

Objective To observe changes of hippocampal levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in rats with neuropathic pain-induced depression, and to explore the relationship between hippocampal levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and severity of depression.Methods Twenty-eight adult male rats were randomly divided into two groups: group sham (n=14) and spared nerve injury (group SNI) (n=14).Mechanical withdrawal thresholds (MWT) were measured 1 day before and 7, 14 and 21 days after operation.Sucrose preference test and forced swim test were tested 1-3 days before and 21-23 days after operation.After test, hippocampus was collected.The hippocampal levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured by ELISA.Correlational relationships between hippocampal levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and sucrose preference were evaluated.Results Compared with group sham, MWT was decreased 7, 14, 21 days after operation (P<0.001).Group SNI displayed decreased sucrose preference 21 days after operation (P<0.01) and increased immobility time in FST 23 days after operation (P<0.05).The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were increased in hippocampus (P<0.05 or P<0.01).No significant difference was observed in IL-1β.The hippocampal levels of IL-1β (r2=0.60,P<0.01), IL-6 (r2=0.55,P<0.01) and TNF-α(r2=0.60,P<0.01) were negatively correlated with sucrose preference.Conclusion The hippocampal levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α are increased in rats with depression induced by neuropathic pain, and the levels of hippocampal pro-inflammatory cytokines are negatively correlated with the severity of depression.

ving CQI(P＜0.05).Conclusion CQI program effectively reduces CRBSI incidenee in cancer patients with PICC.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness and safety of applying midzolam combined with propofol in conscious sedative and analgesic colonoscopy.Methods 145 cases of ASA I-II were included in this study.The patients were randomly divided into two Groups:Group A(painless colonoscopy),Group B(conventional colonoscopy).Group A was given midazolam 0.05mg/kg、fentanyl 1?g/kg intravenously before operation.Group B was underwent conventional colonoscopy.Results The MAP,SpO2 at 1min after injection is lower significantly than that before injection in Group A(P0.05).The incidence of respiratory inhibition(SPO2

Objective To observe the variation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and microglia in the comorbidity of neuropathic pain and depression and discuss the related mechanism.Methods The spared nerve injury model was used.Forty-four male adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following four groups (n=11 each): sham+vehicle group (group SV), sham+APO group (group SA), SNI+vehicle group (group SNV), SNI+APO group (group SNA).In groups SA and SNA, rats were intraperitoneally injected with apocynin (APO) 15 mg/kg 24 hours and 1 hour before SNI and continued once daily until the 14th day.The rats in the other two groups received the equal volume of vehicle.The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) was tested 1 day before SNI and 7 days and 14 days after SNI, and the open field test, the forced swimming test and the sucrose preference test were performed 14 days after SNI.The prefrontal cortex were collected 2 hour after the behavior tests.The expression of gp91phox was detected by Western blot and the expression of Iba1 and gp91phox were detected by double-immunofluorescance staining.Results The reduced MWT, the increased immobility time, the decreased sucrose consumption and the increased content of gp91phox were observed in group SNV compared with groups SV, SA and SNA (P<0.05).The expression of Iba1 and gp91phox were increased in group SNV.The total travel distance in the open field test and the total liquid consumption in the sucrose preference test had no significant difference among the four groups.Conclusion Neuropathic pain may induce depressive behaviors and activate NADPH oxidase in the prefrontal cortex.Moreover, the inhibition of NADPH oxidase by APO can alleviate neuropathic pain and depression, which is potentially related to the activation of microglia.

Objective To study the anti-tumor activity of quercetin in NB4 leukemia cells and the roles of PI3K/Akt,bcl-2,and Bax on the quercetin-induced apoptosis,and to investigate the potential underlying mechanism.Methods MTT assay was used to monitor cell proliferation,Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining and flow cytometry were employed to detect apoptosis in NB4 cells.Western blot was used to detect the expression changes of related proteins in quercetin treated NB4 cells.Confocal laser microscopy was used to test the distributional variation of Akt between cytoplasm and nucleus.Results Quercetin significantly inhibited the NB4 cell proliferation in a dose-and time-dependent manner (20-160 μ mol/L).In addition,treated by 20,40 80 μmol/L quercetin,the rates of apoptosis were (9.25±0.11) ％,(20.83±2.10) ％and (41.43±2.90) ％,there were statistical difference compared with blank cells (t were 4.14,6.56 and 7.02,all P ＜ 0.05).This was concentration dependent and accompanied by morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis.Further,quercetin induced a G~M arrest,which might account for its cytotoxic effects.Quercetin decreased PI3k/Akt expression and caused an inhibition of the anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2,while increasing the expression of Bax.Quercetin had no effects on total Akt,but it promoted Akt translocation from cell nucleus to the cytoplasm (F =15.12,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Quercetin induces the leukemia NB4 cell apoptosis by affecting multiple signal pathways and plays a strong anti-leukemia effect.In addition,our results suggest that PI3K/Akt pathway could be a novel target for the leukemia chemotherapy.

Objective To explore the subcellular localization of Galectin-9 and its effect on allogeneic immune response.Methods The plasmid pEGFP-N1 was inserted with Galectin-9 fragment which was amplified from pBKCMV-Galectin-9 by PCR.The recombinant plagmid wag then transfected into CHO cells using JetPEI in vitro.The cells were cultured in G418 selecting mediam to obtain the stably-transfected cells.The transcription and expression of Galectin-9 gene were verified by immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR.The solid-phase transgenic CHO cells or freshly-cultured supernatant wag added into the mixed lymphocyte response system to detect the inhibitory effect of Galectin-9.Galectin-9 protein wag administered intraperitoneally for 7d consecutively.Results The expression of Galectin-9 wag localized in the cytosol of CHO.The allogeneic mix lymphocyte proliferation was dose-dependently inhibited by the freshly-cultured supernatant from stably-transfected CHO cells.Furthermore,the supernatant from stably-transfected CHO cells dose-dependently inhibited the level of IL-2.The inhibitory effect could be reversed by Tim-3-Fc blocking.Administration of Galectin-9 significantly prolonged the survival of allogeneic cardiac transplants[(22.7±1.2)d vs(7.2±0.4)d)].Conclusion Galectin-9 may be secreted in physical situation to exert its immunomodulatory function on allogeneic immune response.Furthermore.Galectin-9 may be a novel therapeutic drug in transplant medicine.

To identify acute renal allograft rejection biomarkers in human serum, two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) and reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were used. Serum samples from renal allograft patients and normal volunteers were divided into three groups: acute rejection (AR), stable renal function (SRF) and normal volunteer (N). Serum samples were firstly processed using Multiple Affinity Removal Column to selectively remove the highest abundance proteins. Differentially expressed proteins were analyzed using 2-D DIGE. These differential protein spots were excised, digested by trypsin, and identified by RP-HPLC-ESI/MS. Twenty-two differentially expressed proteins were identified in serum from AR group. These proteins included complement C9 precursor, apolipoprotein A-IV precursor, vitamin D-binding protein precursor, beta-2-glycoprotein 1 precursor, etc. Vitamin D-binding protein, one of these proteins, was confirmed by ELISA in the independent set of serum samples. In conclusion, the differentially expressed proteins as serum biomarker candidates may provide the basis of acute rejection noninvasive diagnosis. Confirmed vitamin D-binding protein may be one of serum biomarkers of acute rejection. Furthermore, it may provide great insights into understanding the mechanisms and potential treatment strategy of acute rejection.

Objective To study the surgical indications and effectiveness of short segment pedicle screw fixation plus pecutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for single thoracolumbar fracture combined with Kümmell disease.Methods Between June 2012 and June 2014,a prospective case series analysis was made on the clinical data of 15 selected cases of single thoracolumbar fracture patients who were combined with Kümmell disease.There were three males and 12 females,with an average age of 62.5 years (range,48-80 years).The iujured vertebrae were located at T11 in 3 cases,at T12in 4,at L1 in 5 and at L2 in 3.All the patients were treated by short segment fixation plus PVP.Operative time,surgery-related complications and adjacent vertebral fracture during follow-up were recorded.The effectiveness of the treatment was appraised by visual analogue scale (VAS),Oswestry Disability Index (ODI),Cobb angle of operative segment,which were recorded preoperatively,one week post-operatively and at final follow-up.One-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) was employed for statistical analysis.Results The operative time was 0.8-2 hours (mean,1.35 hour).There was no observation of incision infection,nerve injury,cement leakage or other related operative complications.A total of 15 patients were followed up for 16-36 months (mean,22.4 months),which showed solid fusion and bone bridges in all patients,with no fracture of adjacent vertebra observed.VAS was improved from preoperative (5.93 ± 0.62) points to (1.80±0.64) points one week postoperatively and (2.60 ± 0.53) points at final follow-up.ODI was improved from preoperative 61.53 ± 4.30 to 19.93 ±3.26 one week postoperatively and 23.07 ± 4.06 at final follow-up.Cobb angle of operative segment was improved from preoperative (17.40 ± 6.73) ° to (9.53 ± 3.12) o one week postoperatively and (11.00 ± 3.20) ° at final follow-up.There was significant difference of all the indexes namely,VAS,ODI and Cobb angle,between preoperative and one week postoperative status as well as between preoperative and final follow-up (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).However,there was no significant difference between ODI and Cobb angle in one week postoperatively and at last follow-up (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion For single thoracolumbar fracture with Kümmell disease,short segment fixation plus PVP can shorten the surgery time,reduce the rate of complications,relieve pain,recover the function and avoid loss of kyphosis correction,as is worthy of clinical recommendation.