Objective To investigate the imaging features of the juxta-artieular bone cyst (intraosseous ganglia). Methods The imaging findings of 54 cases histopathologically confirmed were studied retrospectively. X-ray, CT, and MRI were performed in 46 eases,30 cases, and 14 cases, respectively.Results Of the 54 cases, 27 arised from the ankle (including multiple lesions), 16 from the knee joint,7 from the hip joint, 1 from the proximate end of the humerus, ulna, trapezium bone, the first phalange in each, and 1 from the talus and the distal end of the tibia. There were 43 eases (44 lesions) in the ankle and knee joints, with 29 (65.9%) lesions located in the medial articular surface. Fifty-four eases had thinning sclerotic rim, showing a unilocular round osteolytic appearance in 44 cases and a muhiloculated-cystic appearance with septa in 10 cases. Discontinuous articular surface were seen in 15 cases, articular surface collapse in 1, gas density in 3 and fluid-fluid plane in 1. (1) On x-ray films, 46 cases (47 lesions) with well-defined sclerotic rim revealed round, arch or irregular lyric areas at the adjacent articular surface. The fissures were found at the adjacent articular surface in 6 lesions. No joint spaces were abnormal. (2)On CT,30 cases with sclerotic rim showed round in 19 lesions, arch in 3, and irregular in 8. The fissures were seen at the adjacent articular surface in 14 lesions. The density showed homogeneous in 27 lesions, and gas existed in 3. (3) Fourteen cases (15 lesions)showed hypointense to isointense signal on MR T1 Wl and hyperintense signal on T2WI. Fluid- fluid plane was found in 1 ease. The fissures were observed at the adjacent articular surface in 8 lesions. 7 cases showed swelling soft tissue. Conclusion The characteristic locations combined with the typical imaging features may suggest the diagnosis of jaxta-articular bone cyst.

Objective To evaluate the clinical and radiological features of Gorham disease. Methods Clinical and radiological features of Gorham disease were retrospectively analyzed by reviewing the eleven cases from our hospital and the cases reported in the domestic literature in the past fifty years. The diagnoses of all these 11 patients were in accordance with the diagnostic criteria established by Wells and Gray et al. All patients had X?ray plain film, four had CT scan and five had MR examination, with one had additional contrast?enhanced MR examination. Results There were 7 males and 4 females, age ranged from 16 to 66 years with a median age of 32 years. There were six cases involving hand, one involving ulnar and radial bones, one involving acetabulum and three involving jaw bones. The main clinical manifestations were pain, swelling, limited activity, and focal muscular atrophy occurred in 7 cases. On X?ray plain films, the affected bone became thin and the cortexes were not smooth and became coarse in 6 cases. Local lucent area was seen in 5 cases and massive bone absorption was seen in 6 cases. The residual bones showed a tapering appearance in 1 case. Pathological fracture occurred in 1 case. On CT scans, the affected bone became thin and the cortexes became coarse in 4 cases. Local lucent area was seen in 1 case. Massive bone absorption was seen in 3 cases. The adjacent muscular atrophy and widened intermuscular fat space occurred in 2 cases (atrophic bone absorption). On MRI, normal signal intensity of bone marrow disappeared and demonstrated low signal on T1WI and high signal on T2WI. The signal could be homogeneous or heterogeneous. There were widespread strip and patchy high signal areas in the soft tissue around the absorption areas in 4 cases, which resembled the edema?like signal. In 1 case, there was irregular widespread soft tissue mass around the absorption areas with heterogeneous high signal on T2WI. The adjacent muscle showed atrophy, and the intermuscular fat space became wide. There were a total of 92 cases reported cases in the literature including our 11 cases. There were 63 males and 29 females. The onset age ranged from 10 to 40 years in 66/92(72%)cases. The lesion affected one bone in 24 cases, affected two or more bones in 68 cases, out of which 9 cases had single center distribution, 59 cases had multiple centers distribution. Pectoral girdle, pelvis, maxillofacial bones, and hand were the most common sites of involvement in decreasing order. Forty three cases had muscle atrophy and 8 cases had soft tissue mass. Conclusion Gorham disease should be considered when atrophic bone absorption in one bone or continuous bones occurs that does not match clinical symptoms, with soft tissue atrophy but no bone sclerosis or periosteal reaction in the osteolytic areas.

Objective To investigate the effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on early and mid-term knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods 70 patients were randomly assigned to ESWT group (n=34) or control group (n=36). The ESWT group was given shock wave on unilateral knee, while the control group accepted shock wave with the energy density of 0. They were evaluated with Visual Analog Scale (VAS) on movement, Lequesne Index and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index before and 12 weeks after the intervention. Results The scores of VAS, Lequesne Index and WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index improved more in the ESWT group than in the control group after intervention (P<0.01). Conclusion ESWT is effective on KOA as a non-surgical treatment.

Objective To analysis the imaging features of the chondroblastoma in the tarsal bone. Methods The locations of 134 cases of pathologically confirmed chondroblastoma were retrospectively analyzed. Eleven of them were in tarsal bones and their X-ray and CT findings were analyzed. Results Of the 11 cases of tarsal chondroblastoma, 6 were in talus, 3 were in calcaneus and 2 cases were in navicular bones. They were examined by the X-ray and 5 cases had additional CT scans. The common locations were the posterior portion of the talus and calcaneus. The X-ray findings included expansive destruction (10/11), mild osteosclerosis (11/11), bone ridge (9/11), articular facet destruction (7/11) and spot or patching calcification(6/11). The imaging findings of CT included articular facets destruction (5/5), bone ridge (5/5) and spot or patching calcification (2/5). Conclusion The talus and the calcaneus are the frequently involved location of tarsal chondroblastoma. Its X-ray and CT findings are characteristic but not exclusive.

Objective To investigate the status of musculoskeletal articles and musculoskeletal injury articles published in the major journals of radiology in China and compare with abroad during the last decade.Methods Statistic analysis and comparison were done with musculoskeletal injury articles published in the major journals of radiology in China and abroad.The number,category,exam methods,study region and study contents were analyzed respectively.The journals in China included Chinese Journal of Radiology,Journal of Clinical Radiology and Journal of Practical Radiology.The journals at abroad included Radiology,the American Journal of Roentgenology(AJR),the British Journal of Radiology(BJR)and Skeletal Radiology.Results The rate of musculoskeletal articles among the treatise articles was 13.O%(827/6352)in China and 10.4%(900/8659)in three kinds of compressive jonrnals at abroad.The rate of musculoskeletal injury articles in musculoskeletal articles was 21.5%(178/827)in China and 10.8%(97/900)abroad.Among the review articles,the rate was 9.9%(73/741)and 13.7%(10/73)in China.respectively,while that was 4.3%(34/783)and 23.5%(8/34),respectively abroad.Among the case reports,the rate was 17.0%(675/3971)and 3.4%(23/675)in China respectively,while that was 8.8%(177/2019)and 14.7%(26/177),respectively abroad.The rate of exam methods which onlv used X-ray plain film in injury articles was 11.7%(26/222),mainly CT was 42.8%(95/222)and mainly MR was27%(60/222)in China,while that was10.9%(32/295),9.8%(29/295)and 32.5%(96/295),respectively in four kinds of journals at abroad.The combination examination was 16.2%(36/222)in China and 42.0%(124/295)at abroad respectively,The other was 2.3%(5/222)in China and 4.8%(14/295)at abroad.As for the study region,the rate of vertebrate column was 22.5%(50/222).knee joint was 21.1%(47/222),cranial and facial bones was 15.3%(34/222),hip joint was 7.2%(16/222).thoracic region was 6.8%(15/222),foot and ankle was 4.5%(10/222),hand and wrist was 4.1%(9/222),respectively,while that was 14.6%(43/295),14.6%(43/295),1.7%(5/295).6.4%(19/295),3.7%(11/295),12.9%(38/295)and 7.5%(22/295)at abroad,respectively.As for the study contents,the rate of bone was 64.9%(144/222),articular capsule and ligament was 8.6%(19/222),cartilage and osteoepiphysis was 7.7%(17/222),dislocation with or without fracture was 5.8%(13/222),menisci was 5.4%(12/222),combination study was 4.0%(9/222)and the other was 3.6%(8/222),respectively,while that was 62.4%(184/295),24.1%(71/295),4.7%(14/295),0.3%(1/295),2.7%(8/295),2.4%(7/295)and 3.4%(10/295)at abroad,respectively,The number of experimental articles in Chinese Journal of Radiology was 7,while that of Radiology was 29.Conclusion The rate of article on bone and bone injury was lower in all articles.Emphasize should be laid on experimental research and non-bone musculoskeletal injury in china.

Objective:To evaluate the role of Sigma-1 receptor (Sigma-1R) in pentazoxine-induced reduction of oxygen-glucose deprivation and restoration (OGD/R) injury in SH-SY5Y cells and the relationship with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS).Methods:The well-growing SH-SY5Y cells were divided into 4 groups ( n=6 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), OGD/R group (group O), OGD/R+ pentazoxin group (group OP) and OGD/R+ pintazoxin+ BD1047 group (group OPB). The cells in group C were normally cultured. In O group, OP group and OPB group, the culture medium was replaced with EBSS medium, and then the cells were cultured in an incubator of 5% CO 2-95% N 2 at 37 ℃ for 4 h, then replaced with DMEM/F12 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum for restoration of O 2-glucose supply for 18 h, and in addition pentazoxin (final concentration 10 μmmol/L) was added during restoration in OP group, and pentazoxin (final concentration 10 μmmol/L) and Sigma-1R blocker BD1047 (final concentration 20 μmol/L) were added during restoration in OPB group. The apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry at the end of restoration, and the expression of Sigma-1R, C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (p-IRE1), spliced X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s), and activated caspase-3 (c-cas-3) was detected by Western blot. Results:Compared with group C, the apoptosis rate was significantly increased, and the expression of CHOP and p-IRE1 was up-regulated in O group, OP group and OPB group, the expression of XBP1s and c-cas-3 was significantly up-regulated in O group and OPB group ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the expression of Sigma-1R, XBP1s and c-cas-3 in OP group ( P>0.05). Compared with O group, the apoptosis rate was significantly decreased, the expression of Sigma-1R was up-regulated, and the expression of CHOP, p-IRE1, XBP1s and c-cas-3 was down-regulated in OP group ( P<0.05). Compared with OP group, the apoptosis rate was significantly increased, the expression of Sigma-1R was down-regulated, and the expression of CHOP, p-IRE1, XBP1s and c-cas-3 was up-regulated in OPB group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Sigma-1R is involved in pentazoxine-induced reduction of OGD/R injury in SH-SY5Y cells, and the mechanism may be related to inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Background/Aims: Ubiquitination is widely involved in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by regulating various cellular processes. However, systematic strategies for screening core ubiquitin-related genes, clarifying their functions and mechanisms, and ultimately developing potential therapeutics for patients with HCC are still lacking. Methods: Cox and LASSO regression analyses were performed to construct a ubiquitin-related gene prediction model for HCC. Loss- and gain-of-function studies, transcriptomic and metabolomics analysis were used to explore the function and mechanism of UBE2S on HCC cell glycolysis and growth. Results: Based on 1,423 ubiquitin-related genes, a four-gene signature was successfully constructed to evaluate the prognosis of patients with HCC. UBE2S was identified in this signature with the potential to predict the survival of patients with HCC. E2F2 transcriptionally upregulated UBE2S expression by directly binding to its promoter. UBE2S positively regulated glycolysis in a HIF-1α-dependent manner, thus promoting the proliferation of HCC cells. Mechanistically, UBE2S enhanced K11-linkage polyubiquitination at lysine residues 171 and 196 of VHL independent of E3 ligase, thereby indirectly stabilizing HIF-1α protein levels by mediating the degradation of VHL by the proteasome. In particular, the combination of cephalomannine, a small molecule compound that inhibits the expression of UBE2S, and PX-478, an inhibitor of HIF-1α, significantly improved the anti-tumor efficacy. Conclusions UBE2S is identified as a key biomarker in HCC among the thousands of ubiquitin-related genes and promotes glycolysis by E3 enzyme-independent ubiquitination, thus serving as a therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.

Background/Aims: Ubiquitination is widely involved in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by regulating various cellular processes. However, systematic strategies for screening core ubiquitin-related genes, clarifying their functions and mechanisms, and ultimately developing potential therapeutics for patients with HCC are still lacking. Methods: Cox and LASSO regression analyses were performed to construct a ubiquitin-related gene prediction model for HCC. Loss- and gain-of-function studies, transcriptomic and metabolomics analysis were used to explore the function and mechanism of UBE2S on HCC cell glycolysis and growth. Results: Based on 1,423 ubiquitin-related genes, a four-gene signature was successfully constructed to evaluate the prognosis of patients with HCC. UBE2S was identified in this signature with the potential to predict the survival of patients with HCC. E2F2 transcriptionally upregulated UBE2S expression by directly binding to its promoter. UBE2S positively regulated glycolysis in a HIF-1α-dependent manner, thus promoting the proliferation of HCC cells. Mechanistically, UBE2S enhanced K11-linkage polyubiquitination at lysine residues 171 and 196 of VHL independent of E3 ligase, thereby indirectly stabilizing HIF-1α protein levels by mediating the degradation of VHL by the proteasome. In particular, the combination of cephalomannine, a small molecule compound that inhibits the expression of UBE2S, and PX-478, an inhibitor of HIF-1α, significantly improved the anti-tumor efficacy. Conclusions UBE2S is identified as a key biomarker in HCC among the thousands of ubiquitin-related genes and promotes glycolysis by E3 enzyme-independent ubiquitination, thus serving as a therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.

Background/Aims: Ubiquitination is widely involved in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by regulating various cellular processes. However, systematic strategies for screening core ubiquitin-related genes, clarifying their functions and mechanisms, and ultimately developing potential therapeutics for patients with HCC are still lacking. Methods: Cox and LASSO regression analyses were performed to construct a ubiquitin-related gene prediction model for HCC. Loss- and gain-of-function studies, transcriptomic and metabolomics analysis were used to explore the function and mechanism of UBE2S on HCC cell glycolysis and growth. Results: Based on 1,423 ubiquitin-related genes, a four-gene signature was successfully constructed to evaluate the prognosis of patients with HCC. UBE2S was identified in this signature with the potential to predict the survival of patients with HCC. E2F2 transcriptionally upregulated UBE2S expression by directly binding to its promoter. UBE2S positively regulated glycolysis in a HIF-1α-dependent manner, thus promoting the proliferation of HCC cells. Mechanistically, UBE2S enhanced K11-linkage polyubiquitination at lysine residues 171 and 196 of VHL independent of E3 ligase, thereby indirectly stabilizing HIF-1α protein levels by mediating the degradation of VHL by the proteasome. In particular, the combination of cephalomannine, a small molecule compound that inhibits the expression of UBE2S, and PX-478, an inhibitor of HIF-1α, significantly improved the anti-tumor efficacy. Conclusions UBE2S is identified as a key biomarker in HCC among the thousands of ubiquitin-related genes and promotes glycolysis by E3 enzyme-independent ubiquitination, thus serving as a therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.

Background/Aims: Ubiquitination is widely involved in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by regulating various cellular processes. However, systematic strategies for screening core ubiquitin-related genes, clarifying their functions and mechanisms, and ultimately developing potential therapeutics for patients with HCC are still lacking. Methods: Cox and LASSO regression analyses were performed to construct a ubiquitin-related gene prediction model for HCC. Loss- and gain-of-function studies, transcriptomic and metabolomics analysis were used to explore the function and mechanism of UBE2S on HCC cell glycolysis and growth. Results: Based on 1,423 ubiquitin-related genes, a four-gene signature was successfully constructed to evaluate the prognosis of patients with HCC. UBE2S was identified in this signature with the potential to predict the survival of patients with HCC. E2F2 transcriptionally upregulated UBE2S expression by directly binding to its promoter. UBE2S positively regulated glycolysis in a HIF-1α-dependent manner, thus promoting the proliferation of HCC cells. Mechanistically, UBE2S enhanced K11-linkage polyubiquitination at lysine residues 171 and 196 of VHL independent of E3 ligase, thereby indirectly stabilizing HIF-1α protein levels by mediating the degradation of VHL by the proteasome. In particular, the combination of cephalomannine, a small molecule compound that inhibits the expression of UBE2S, and PX-478, an inhibitor of HIF-1α, significantly improved the anti-tumor efficacy. Conclusions UBE2S is identified as a key biomarker in HCC among the thousands of ubiquitin-related genes and promotes glycolysis by E3 enzyme-independent ubiquitination, thus serving as a therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.