The distribution of afferent terminals from VL nucleus to cruciate cortex was studied by using nerve fibers degeneration and electron microscopic technigues. Cortical area 4 could be further divided into three subdivisions according to their geographical relations to the eruciate sulcus: an anterior, a posterior and a lateral zone, respectively. It was demonstrated that the degenerating axon terminals were mainly distributed in anterior and lateral zones. Much less terminals were observed in the posterior zone. Totally 112 terminals were observed in the anterior zone. Among them, 78.6％ were seen in layer Ⅲ, 19.6％ in layer Ⅰ, 1.8％ in layer Ⅴ. Of the 112 terminals found in the lateral zone, 62.5％ were distributed in layer Ⅲ, 31.2％ in layer Ⅰ and 6.3％ in layer Ⅴ. On the other hand, only 33 degenerating terminals were found in posterior zone. their distributions were: 51.6％ in layer Ⅰ, 42.4％ in layer Ⅲ and 6.0％ in layer V. Approximately 75％ of the degenerating axon terminals examined in these three zones made synaptie contacts with dendritic spines, and 25％ with dendritic shafts. The vast majority of these synapses could be classified as asymmetrical type synapse.In area 6, most of the degenerating terminals were encountered in layer Ⅰ and Ⅲ. All of them formed asymmetrical type synapses with dendritic spines. No degenerating terminals could be found in area 3a.

Synaptic connections of commissural axon terminals from contralateral motor cortex have been studied by using anterograde degeneration and electron microscopy in the cortical area 4? of cat. The results showed that most of the commissural terminals display electron-dense type degeneration, and 92 degenerating terminals were identified in area 4?. The number of terminals in layer Ⅰ was nearly equal to layer Ⅲ. In layer Ⅲ, an asymmetrical synapse formed between a degenerating terminal and the soma of a bipolar cell was observed. In layers Ⅴ-Ⅵ, no degenerating terminal could be found. Among the total degenerating terminals, 77.2% were found to make synapses with dendritic spines, 21.7% made synapses with dendritic shafts and 1.1% with soma, and all of these synapses were of the assymmetrical type.

In recent years, the importance of tyrosine phosphorylation in the nervous system of mammalian is gaining recognition. Tyros ine protein kinases exert important modulatory effect on the proliferation, diff erentiation, migration and metabolism-related singal transduction pathways in c ells. In this paper we reviewed the signal cascade process of three different ty rosine protein kinase families, including Trk, Src and Eph tyrosine protein kina se families. Furthermore, we discussed important role and possible mechanisms of these tyrosine protein kinases on the neuron synapse plasticity and learning an d memory process.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness of Corbrin capsules for respiratory systemdisease systematically,in or-der to provide evidence-based reference for clinical use. METHODS:Retrieved from CJFD,China Dissertation Database,Wanfang database,VIP,Cochrane Library,Medline and PubMed,randomized controlled trials(RCTs)about conventional treatment plan(trial group)vs. single treatment plan(control group)in the treatment of respiratory system disease. The quality of included studies were evaluated after extracting data and modifying according to Jadad scale and Cochrane bias risk assessment scale. Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.2 statistical software. RESULTS:A total of 17 RCTs were included,involving 1801 patients. The re-sults of Meta-analysis showed that response rate [RD=0.15,95%CI(0.10,0.19),P<0.001],FEV1[MD=0.21,95%CI(0.14,0.28), P<0.001],FVC [MD=0.26,95%CI(0.05,0.47),P<0.001] and FEV1/FEV [MD=5.60,95%CI(3.42,7.78),P<0.001] of trial group were significantly higher than those of control group,with statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS:Corbrin capsules have good therapeutic efficacy for respiratory system disease and effectively improve lung related indicators.

AIM To evaluate bioavailability, biocompa- tibility and biodegradability of an injectable microsphere sustained release preparation of naltrexone(NTX) in 4 dogs. METHODS Pharmacokinetic data of NTX and remained NTX in microspheres in injection site were studied using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)-electrochemical detection with naloxone(NLX) as internal standard. Biocompatibility of the microspheres was assayed by histological examination. RESULTSPharmacokinetics of NTX after an intramuscular dose of 0.5 or 1.0 mg*kg-1 NTX indicated a plasma clearance range of 0.66 to 0.73 L*min-1 and a t1/2β range of 60.0 to 67.2 min. After a 1-week washout period without medication, NTX microspheres injection period about 4 weeks followed. After injection of 1.0 g of microspheres containing (296.5±2.1)mg of NTX, mean blood concentrations of NTX exceeded 1 μg*L-1 for 26-28 d, and cmax per dose (mg*kg-1) was only 1% of that after NTX dosing. It was estimated that approximately (93.0±4.1)% of the administered dose was absorbed after microspheres injection in 4 dogs. There were no serious adverse effects other than light tissue irritation. CONCLUSIONThis NTX microspheres preparation provides a safe, complete and sustained release of the drug for about one month.

Objective To investigate the relationsheep between colonic H2 S‐producing enzyme cystathionine‐γ‐lyase(CSE) and colonic motility in a rat model of diabetes mellitus(DM) .Methods To obtained diabetic rat models ,all rats were injected intra‐peritoneally (ip) 1% streptozotocin (STZ ,65 mg/kg) ,type 1 diabetes model was established ,nornmol conditions were observed pe‐riodically .Ten days after treatment ,production of colonic longitudinal smooth muscle strips ,organ bath recordings were used to test the colonic motility ;immunofluorescence and double immunofluorescence lableling method were performed to detect the distribution of CSE;Western blot were performed on rat colonic samples devoid of mucosa and submucosa to detect the expression of CSE .Re‐sults DM rats decreased the colonic motility(P<0 .05);CSE was strongly expressed in the cytosols of the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle cells and the nucleus of the myenteric plexus neurons ;CSE distributed in myenteric neurons in the nucleus of rat ,but the proportion of MP had no difference (P>0 .05);DM rats increased the expression of CSE in the colon devoid of mucosa and sub‐mucosa(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The decrease of colonic motility in diabetic rat may be associated with the increased production of H2 S‐producing enzyme CSE .

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of sGC003,a novel agonist of soluble guanylate cyclase,on endothelin-1(ET-1)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. METHODS Cardiomy?ocytes were isolated from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats using serial enzymatic digestion and then incubated with ET-1 10 nmol·L-1 in the absence or presence of sGC003 0.01,0.1 and 1.0μmol·L-1. Hyper?trophic responses including the cardiomyocyte area(Image-Pro Plus 6.0),the expression of atrial natri?uretic peptide gene(ANP)mRNA(RT-PCR method)and total protein content(BCA method)were detect?ed. RESULTS After 48 h stimulation with ET-1 10 nmol·L-1,the cardiomyocyte area increased by 80%(P<0.01),the total protein content increased by 120%(P<0.01) and the expression of ANP mRNA up-regulated by 140%(P<0.01). sGC003 0.01,0.1 and 1.0μmol · L-1 elicited antihypertrophic actions, including inhibition of ET-1-mediated increase in the cardiomyocyte area(P<0.01),raised total protein content(P<0.05)and upregulation of ANP mRNA(P<0.05). CONCLUSION sGC003 has protective,car?diomyocyte-selective antihypertrophic effects in vitro.

Objective To systematically evaluate the association between lactotransferrin(LTF) gene rs1126478 polymor‐phism and caries susceptibility .Methods The published literatures on the association between LTF gene rs1126478 polymorphism and caries susceptibility were retrived from the electronic databases of Pubmed ,Web of science ,Embase ,EBSCO ,Springerlink , CNKI ,VIP ,Wanfang and CBM by computer .The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and its 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used as the effect indicators .The statistical analysis was performed by using the RevMan 5 .2 and Stata 12 .0 softwares .The bias evalua‐tion and sensitivity analysis were also performed .Results A total of 5 case‐control studies involving 720 cases and 412 controls were included .The meta analysis results showed that no statistical significance in the association between LTF gene rs1126478 pol‐ymorphism and caries susceptibility was revealed in all four genetic models (GG+ AG vs .AA :P= 0 .75 ,OR= 0 .93 ,95% CI=0 .59-1 .46 ;G vs .A :P=0 .88 ,OR=0 .97 ,95% CI=0 .68 -1 .38 ;GG vs .AA :P=0 .84 ,OR=1 .07 ,95% CI =0 .57 -1 .99 ;GG vs .AG+AA :P=0 .52 ,OR=1 .12 ,95% CI = 0 .79-1 .58) .Similarly ,the subgroup analysis by ethnicity showed no statistical sig‐nificance in the onset risk between Caucasian and Asian populations as well (both P>0 .05) .Conclusion The LTF gene rs1126478 polymorphism may have no relation with the susceptibility to caries .

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the application of E-commerce system in Hospital drug management. METHODS: It analyzed the defects existed in current Hospital Information System (HIS), introduced hospital E-commerce system and evaluated comparatively the drug management information before and after the application of the e-commerce system. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: E-commerce system has effectively made up the functional insufficiency of HIS and changed the traditional drug purchase mode; therefore, its application has a bright future.

0.05),but these positive rates were notable decreased comparing with nPCR and immunohistochemistry techniques(P