Hypoxia, one major characteristic of malignant solid tumors, not only changes the biological characteristics of tumor cells, but also is the main cause of the failure for conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This paper summarizes the implications of tumor hypoxia and the corresponding techniques,then we present the change in tumor biological characteristics induced by hypoxia. Next we analyze the cause of tumor resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. And finally,We discuss the three antitumor strategies targeting hypoxia, which opens a new path to conquer cancer.[

Protein degradation is fundamental to cell viability,selective elimination of regulatory proteins in the cell is an effective mechanism for regulating vital cell processes.Rapid proteasomal protein degradation is key to activation of repression of many cellular processes,including cell-cycle progression and apoptosis.Bortezomib as a proteasome inhibitor has been approved by FDA for multiple myeloma treatment.This review summarizes current knowledge of the structure and function of the proteasome and its targets.In addition,preclinical findings obtained with Bortezomib are reviewed,and existing clinical data on Bortezomib are presented.

Objective To study the localization of specific allergen of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. \ Methods\ Through optical microscope,the specific allergens of D.pteronyssinus were observed in paraffin sections using D.pteronyssinus\|specific IgE antibodies from the patient sera. \ Results and Conclusion \ The digestive system was found occupying large parts of body cavity of D.pteronyssinus by HE staining, while the specific allergens of D.pteronyssinus were mostly occurred in the midgut tissue, gut contents, cuticle and reproductive system in the immunostained sections. The results also showed that many parts of D. pteronyssinus were recognized by the specific IgE antibodies obtained from allergic individuals to D.pteronyssinus, which provided a theoretic base for further study of isolation and purification of the specific allergen.

BACKGROUND:Disc functional magnetic resonance imaging studies are mostly carried out under lying and a non-load state, and do not reflect the changes in morphology and function of the upright human body under disc load conditions. Therefore, we need to study characteristics of disc functional magnetic resonance imaging in the upright state. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of axial load on apparent diffusion coefficient and T2 of intervertebral discs. METHODS:The study consisted of 17 patients with low back pain aged 34-65 years. Before and after axial load, T2 weighted MR imaging, T1 weighted MR imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and T2-mapping imaging of the lumbar spine were performed. Load quality was 40%-50% body weight. At 10 minutes after axial load, another diffusion tensor imaging was performed. After 15-minute load, another T2-mapping sequence was scanned. Diffusion tensor imaging scan parameters: single echo-planar imaging, repetition time 2 500 ms, echo time 89 ms, six diffusion directions, b value of 400 s/mm2, sweep time 4:10 minutes. Raw data of diffusion tensor imaging were used to construct apparent diffusion coefficient map and b0 map. Apparent diffusion coefficient value of intervertebral discs was calculated before and after loading. T2 map was automaticaly constructed using T2-mapping sequence to measure apparent diffusion coefficient and T2 values in the whole intervertebral disc of nucleus pulposus, and the changes of them were analyzed under short-time axial load. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Pfirrmann grading results in 17 patients with 85 discs were obtained as folows: 0 in Grade I, 26 in Grade II, 19 in Grade III, 30 in Grade IV, and 10 in Grade V. Al 85 disc T2 relaxation time mapping and 84 disc apparent diffusion coefficient mapping were accepted. Under short-time axial load in 84 discs, apparent diffusion coefficient reduced in the whole disc (reduced 38×10-3 mm2/s,Z=2.567,P < 0.05) and nucleus pulposus (reduced 62×10-3mm2/s,Z=3.461,P < 0.05). Apparent diffusion coefficient changes mainly affected Grade Pfirrmann III discs (reduced 55×10-3mm2/s,Z=2.556,P < 0.05). T2 changes mainly affected normal intervertebral discs (Pfirrmann grade II). Under the load, T2 value of intervertebral discs diminished (reduced 3.17 ms,Z=2.967,P < 0.05). No significant difference in apparent diffusion coefficient and T2 value was detected under the load in other grades of the intervertebral discs (P > 0.05). These results suggest that changes in apparent diffusion coefficient and T2 values were different due to different Pfirrmann grades under short-time axial load. To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging function of intervertebral discs, we should choose different evaluation method according to different degeneration degrees.

Objective To evaluate clinical effect of Compound Fanshiliu Recipe(CFR) for the treatment of over-weighted type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Methods One hundred and twenty over-weighted T2DM patients were randomized into treatment group and control group, 60 cases in each group. Both groups were given oral use of Metformin Hydrochloride Enteric-Coated Tablets, and additionally the treatment group was treated with CFR orally. The treatment of both groups lasted for 12 continuous weeks. Before and after treatment, we detected the waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), and the levels of fasting blood glucose(FBG), postprandial 2-hour blood glucose(P2hBG), glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c), total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride (TG), and free fatty acid (FFA). The therapeutic effect of the two groups was also evaluated after treatment. Results (1) The total effective rate for traditional Chinese medical symptoms was 95.00% in the treatment group, and was 70.00%in the control group, the difference being significant(P<0.01).(2) After treatment, WC and BMI were decreased in the treatment group(P<0.01 compared with those before treatment), but had no significant decrease in the control group(P>0.05). The decrease of WC and BMI of the treatment group was superior to that of the control group(P<0.05).(3) After treatment, levels of FBG, P2hBG, HbA1c, TC, TG, and FFA of both groups were significantly improved (P<0.05), and the improvement of the treatment group was superior to that of the control group(P<0.05).(4) Three patients of the treatment group suffered from slight gastric discomfort, and the discomfort was relieved without any special treatment. Other patients of the two groups had no adverse reaction. Conclusion Treatment of CFR combined with Metformin has been proved to be an effective and safe approach to decrease blood glucose and blood lipid levels, promote weight loss, and ameliorate traditional Chinese medical symptoms.

Objective:To analyse the physicochemical properties and structure of major privet pollen allergen Lig v 1 using bioinformatics software and provide a reference for choosing suitable recombinant expression system for Lig v 1 and modifying the allergen Lig v 1 experimentally.Methods:The physicochemical properties were analysed by ProtParam,the signal peptide by SignalP 4.1 Server,the transmembrane helix by TMHMM Server v.2.0,the secondary structure by GOR4,MHCⅡepitopes by NetMHCⅡ2.2 Server,B-cell epitopes by ProteanTM 5.01 and the phylogenetic tree by MEGA 6.Results: Privet major pollen allergen Lig v 1 was stable in Escherichia coli and it doesn′t possess any signal peptide and transmembrane helix.Most secondary structures of Lig v 1 were random coils.Potential region of MHCⅡepitope of Lig v 1 was 30-44.Potential B-cell epitopes possess discontinuous and continuous a mino acid sequences.Lig v 1 and its counterparts from Fraxinus excelsior and Olea europaea were clustered into one group.Conclusion:Escherichia coli is the suitable expression system for recombinant Lig v 1.In silico prediction of the epitopes of Lig v 1 provides a reference for modifying the allergen Lig v 1 experimentally.

Objective To identify molecules that modulate T-cell functions and serve the studies on T-cell media-ted autoimmune diseases.Methods Bone marrow-derived dentritic cells were collected from BALB/c mice to immunize Wistar rats, and to establish many hybridoma cell lines.Many hybridoma cell lines which could modulate T-cell functions were obtained.One of the cell lines, most actively inhibiting T-cell proliferation, was further studied.Results The anti-CD45 mAb recognized CD45 and significantly suppressed T-cell proliferation in proliferation assays.Conclusions Our re-sults indicate that the anti-CD45 mAb can effectively suppress T-cell proliferation, and is promising to be used in the pre-vention and treatment of T-cell mediated autoimmune diseases in the future.

Objective:To obtain purified recombinant Litopenaeus vannamei allergen protein Lit v 1.2.Methods: The target gene of Lit v 1.2 was inserted into clone vector pGEM-T and then ligated to the expression vector pET 44a.The pET44a-Liv 1.2 was transformed into Rosetta and screened by ampicillin resistance .The recombinant protein was expressed by IPTG induction .The protein was purified by 6-His tag affinity chromatography and the purification was analyzed by SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis .Results:The ex-pression plasmid pET44a-Lit v 1.2 was constructed.SDS-PAGE showed that expressed Lit v 1.2 was efficient and soluble in E.coli Rosetta.The protein molecular weight was consistent with the theoretical value .The highly purified target protein was obtained.Conclusion:In this study ,we successfully gained highly purified recombinant allergen protein Lit v 1.2 which was expressed in prokaryotic system and purified by affinity chromatography column .The purified Lit v 1.2 protein will facilitate us to further study its role in immunological responses .

Objective To evaluate the value of MRS in quantitative assessment of degeneration of lumbar discs.Methods Totally 82 patients with lumbago underwent lumbar MR scanning.All the discs were classified with Pfirrmann grades in the sequences of sagittal T2WI.The area under N-acetyl peak,under water peak and the ratio of N-acetyl/Water were measured by MRS.Correlation between MRS values and Pfirrmann grade,age were analyzed.Results In 82 patients,204 lumbar discs were measured by MRS.There were 89,73,39,3 discs in Pfirrmann Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,V respectively.The areas of N-acetyl,water peak and N-acetyl/Water ratio of nucleus region were positively correlated with Pfirrmann grading,respectively (rs =-0.460,-0.204,-0.526,all P＜0.05).There were 62,25,37,51,29 discs in patients aged ＜30,30-39,40-49,50-59,＞59 years respectively.The ares of N-acetyl peak,N-acetyl/Water ratio of nucleus region was negatively correlated with the age (rs=-0.247,-0.385,both P＜0.05).Conclusion MRS can be used for quantitative assessment of lumbar discs degeneration.