Abstract This paper summarizes the psychological impacts of passive social media use on adolescents by systematically reviewing the existing domestic and foreign literature about passive social media use. The results showed that the psychological impacts of passive social media use included cognitive outcomes (self concept clarity, self esteem), affective outcomes (depression, anxiety, envy, loneliness), subjective well being (life satisfaction), more types of social media (social short form video), detailed information on forms of passive use, as well as possible impacts (positive psychological, social, and behavioral outcomes) on teenagers and college students should be exlpored by utilizing multiple methods(longitudinal study, the grounded theory) are expected in future studies.

Objective To investigate the correlation of CT features and pathological characteristics with epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)gene mutations in invasive peripheral pulmonary adenocarcinoma.Methods The amplification refractory mutation system was used to determine EGFR mutations in 1 9 3 surgically resected invasive peripheral pulmonary adenocarcinomas.CT features and pathological characteristics were analyzed retrospectively.Results The total EGFR mutation rate was 62.2% (120/193).Among the features on CT,the maximum tumor diameter (Dmax)in axial plane CT images was significantly smaller in patients with EGFR mutations than that with wild-type EGFR patients [(2.52 ± 1.01)cm vs (3.11 ± 1.34)cm,P<0.05].Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)results indicated that Dmax=2.01 cm was the diagnosis threshold in forecasting EGFR gene mutations,with the sensitivity and specificity of 79% and 64%,respectively.The frequency of EGFR mutations was significantly greater in tumors with ground-glass opacity(GGO)than that without GGO (78.0% vs 56.6%,P<0.05),and in tumors without cystic airspaces than that with cystic airspaces (65.5% vs 40.0%,P<0.05).No correlations were observed between EGFR mutations and other CT features,including GGO/tumor ratio(G/T),lobulation,spiculation,pleural retraction,vascular convergence,air bronchograms,and vacuole signs (P>0.05).Among pathological characteristics,compared with other subtypes,EGFR mutations occurred most frequently in lepidic predominant adeno-carcinomas (77.5% vs 58.2% in other subtypes,P<0.05),and the least frequently in solid predominant adenocarcinomas(26.3%vs 66.1% in other subtypes,P<0.05).The EGFR mutation rate was significantly higher in tumors without lymph node metastases than that with lymph node metastases (66.9%vs 50.9%,P<0.05).Conclusion The CT features and pathological characteristics may be useful indicators to predict EGFR mutation status in invasive peripheral pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

Objective To study the MSCT appearances of thymic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs)and its correlation with the WHO histological grade.Methods MSCT features of 16 patients with thymic NETs confirmed by pathology were analyzed retro-spectively.The patients were divided into 2 groups according to tumor's grade,i.e.low and intermediate grade,high grade.Results There were 8 patients in low and intermediate grade,8 in high grade.No difference was found among tumor location,size,tumor morphology,calcification,pericardiac thickening,pericardial effusion,pleural thickening,pleural effusion,disappearance of fat line around tumor and mass-pulmonary interface with irregular shape,but significant difference was detected in lymph node metastasis. On enhanced MSCT scanning,statistical difference was detected in linear enhancement of the blood vessels in the tumors,but no difference was found between necrosis and peripheral vessel invasion.Conclusion MSCT findings of different grades in thymic NETs have some characteristics and can be helpful in the grades of predictability.

Objective To study the postmortem distribution of Bromadiolone and its metabolite-Benzylideneacetone in dogs and provide an experimental evidence for the sampling of Bromadiolone poisoning cases. Methods The dogs were given 2LD50 and 4LD50 Bromadiolone by intragastric administration. Anatomy was conducted immediately after death and samples of body fluids and viscera (heart blood; peripheral blood, bile, urine, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, urinary bladder, left leg muscle, stomach, stomach contents, pancreas) were collected and detected after the dogs poisoning death. The Bromadiolon and its metabolite-Benzylideneacetone contents in samples were analyzed by GC/MS. Results Hemorrhagic symptoms came out at 3d after Bromadiolone delivery and deaths occurred at (178.40±20.94)h after intoxication. The postmortem distribution of Bromadiolon and its metabolite-Benzylideneacetone in dogs was as following: 2LD50 Bromadiolon: bile>urine, liver, heart, kidney>heart blood, peripheral blood, spleen, lung and so on. Benzylideneacetone: the content in bile, urine, heart blood, peripheral blood, lung, stomach contents are higher. 4LD50 Bromadiolon: bile, urine>liver, peripheral blood>heart blood, stomach contents and others. Benzylideneacetone:contents in bile, urine and lung are higher. Conclusion The postmortem distribution of Bromadiolon and its metabolite-Benzylideneacetone in dogs is uneven, contents in bile, urine, liver, heart blood and peripheral blood are higher, whichare suggested for forensic toxicological analysis in Bromadiolon poisonig case.

Objective To explore the MSCT features of airway-invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.Methods MSCT features of 27 cases of airway-invasive pulmonary aspergillosis confirmed by pathology or clinical experience were analyzed retrospectively.Results The lesions in 27 cases were distributed along the blood vessel and bronchus and located mainly in the upper and middle lung field in 19 cases.Multiple centrilobular nodules and tree-in-bud sign were found in 27 cases and bronchial wall thickening and patchy opacities around the bronchi were in 25 cases.Bronchiectasis was seen in 17 cases,and cavity-like change and inter-cavity separation were in 15 cases.In 22 cases of follow-up,the lesion progressed within 1 week after diagnosised and treatmented in 20 cases and recurred in slow recovery stage in 5 cases.Conclusion MSCT findings of airway-invasive pulmonary aspergillosis are various which may rapidly progress within a short time.MSCT palys an important role in the evolution and follow-up of airway-invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.

Objective To analyze the relationship between CT image characteristics and the pathological subtypes of small lung adenocarcinoma (≤3 cm) with ground-glass opacity(GGO).Methods Two hundred and three cases of small lung adenocarcinoma proved by pathology were collected.Use the 2015 World Health Organization(WHO) classification of lung cancers as pathology standard.The relationship between CT findings and pathologic classification were analyzed statistically.Results There was a positive correlation between CT type and pathological type (rs =0.756).The size of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia(AAH),adenocarcinoma in situ(AIS) and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma(MIA) lesions were smaller than invasive adenocarcinoma(IAC).AAH lesions were smaller than MIA(P＜0.008 3).However,there were no significant size differences in AAH and AIS lesions,or in AIS and MIA lesions (P＞0.008 3).The critical point of non-or-little-invasive (AAH,AIS and MIA) and IAC was 15.35 mm (sensitivity 80.8％,specificity 90.4 ％).Differences in lobulation,air bronchogram,vacuole sign,pleural indentation and vascular convergence among pathological types were statistically significant (P ＜0.05).Differences in shape,speculation and cavity among groups were not significant (P ＞0.05).Conclusion The higher CT type,lower GGO content and bigger lesion size are all associated with increasing tumor degree of malignancy.The size of IAC lesion is usually greater than 15.35 mm.Lobulation,air bronchogram,vacuole sign,pleural indentation and vascular convergence can help to diagnose IAC.

To investigate the effect of multiple propofol anesthesia and operative trauma on neuroinflammation and cognitive function in development rats and its mechanism. A total of 104 13-day-old neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 26 rats in each group: control group was treated with saline q.d for propofol group was treated with propofol q.d for surgery group received abdominal surgery under local anesthesia and then treated with saline q.d for surgery with propofol group received propofol anesthesia plus abdominal surgery under local anesthesia with ropivacaine at d1, then treated with propofol q.d for At d2 of experiment, 13 rats from each group were sacrificed and brain tissue samples were taken, the concentration of TNF-α in hippocampus was detected with ELISA, the expression of caspase-3 and c-fos in hippocampal tissue was determined with immunohistochemical method, the number of apoptotic neurons in hippocampus was examined with TUNEL assay. Morris water maze test was used to examine the cognitive function of the rest rats at the age of 60 d, and the TNF-α concentration, caspase-3, c-fos expressions and the number of apoptotic neurons in hippocampus were also detected. Compared with control group, TNF-α concentration, caspase-3, c-fos expression and the neuroapoptosis in hippocampus increased significantly in other three groups (all <0.05). Compared with surgery group, propofol group and surgery with propofol group showed increased TNF-α level, caspase-3 and c-fos expressions and apoptotic cell numbers (all <0.05), but there was no significant difference between last two groups (all >0.05). Morris water maze test showed that there were no significant differences in swimming speed, escape latency, target quadrant residence time and crossing times among groups (all >0.05). TNF-α level, expressions of caspase-3 and c-fos and apoptotic cell numbers in hippocampus had no significant differences among the 4 adult rats groups (all >0.05). Abdominal surgery and multiple propofol treatment can induce neuroinflammation and neuroapoptosis in hippocampus of neonatal rats, however, which may not cause adverse effects on neurodevelopment and cognitive function when they grown up.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Cognition ; Hippocampus ; Propofol/adverse effects* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVE: To determine the maximum dose of continuously infused mivacurium for intraoperative neuromonitoring and observe its adverse effects in thyroid surgery. METHODS: Twenty-eight patients undergoing thyroid surgery with intraoperative neuromonitoring received continuous infusion of mivacurium at the initial rate of 5.43 μg?kg?min, and the infusion rate for the next patient was adjusted based on the response of the previous patient according to the results of neurological monitoring. The depth of anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane and remifentanil during the surgery. The LD50 and 95% of mivacurium were calculated using Brownlee's up-and-down sequential method. RESULTS: The LD50 of continuously infused mivacurium was 8.94 μg?kg?min (95% : 8.89- 8.99 μg?kg?min) during thyroid surgery, which did not affect neurological function monitoring. Transient chest skin redness occurred after induction in 9 patients (32.1%). None of the patients experienced intubation difficulties or showed intraoperative body motions during the surgery. CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing thyroid surgery under anesthesia maintained by inhalation and intravenous infusion, the LD50 of mivacurium was 8.94 μg?kg?min (95% : 8.89-8.99 μg?kg?min) for continuous infusion, which does not cause serious adverse effects during the operation.
Anesthesia ; Anesthetics, Inhalation ; Anesthetics, Intravenous ; Humans ; Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring ; methods ; Lethal Dose 50 ; Mivacurium ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Remifentanil ; Sevoflurane ; Thyroid Gland ; surgery