Objective To investigate the use of cystoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of glandular cystitis. Methods A total of 38 cases of glandular cystitis was pathologically diagnosed under cystoscopy.The patients were treated by transurethral electric resection.After surgery a chemotherapy with mitomycin-c bladder irrigation was given once weekly for 8 times and then once monthly for 10 times.During the follow-up a cystoscopy was periodically performed and biopsy samples were pathologically examined with all the cases.Results The follow-up checkups were made for 6~12 months in 38 cases.Of the 38 cases,29 cases were cured(with transitional cell surface covering the bladder musoca gradually),5 were symptomatically relieved,and 4 were found relapsed. Conclusions Cystoscopy can offer valuable help for the diagnosis of glandular cystitis.Treatments with transurethral electric resection and mitomycin-c bladder irrigation are effective for glandular cystitis.

Objective:To study the positive expression rate of M2 subtype of macrophage cell surface molecules and the inflammatory factors of PPS in IL-4-induced M2 macrophage.Methods:The experiment was divided into 5 groups:blank control group, Model group,PPS groups(50 μg/ml,100 μg/ml and 200 μg/ml).The expression of CD206 and CD23 was used as bio-maker to confirm IL-4 induced macrophages by treating RAW264.7 with 20ng/ml of IL-4.IL-4 induced RAW264.7 cells were treated with PPS of 50μg/ml,100μg/ml and 200μg/ml for 24 h.Then the expression of CD206,CD16/32 and CD40 were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the mRNA expression of IL-1β,TNF-α,IL-10 and iNOS were detect by qRT-PCR.Results: After treated with IL-4,the positive rate of CD206 of RAW264.7 were high.After treated with PPS ,the rate of CD16/32 and CD40 in IL-4 induced RAW264.7 cells were high ,the expression of CD206 decreased,and the mRNA level of IL-1βand TNF-αincreased.Conclusion:RAW264.7 cells can be polarlized to M2 subtype macrophage by using 20 ng/ml IL-4.PPS enhances the mRNA of IL-1β,TNF-αand the expression of CD40, CD16/32 in IL-4-induced RAW264.7 cells .These results indicate that PPS can induce the M2 subtype to become M1 macrophages, can improve immune function of macrophages.

Objective To investigate the effects of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) pathway on podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy (DN) under inflammatory stress.Methods Male db/db mice and db/m mice were randomly divided into four groups (8 mice in each group):db/m group (control),casein injected db/m group (db/m + casein),db/db group (db/db),and casein injected db/db group (db/db + casein).An inflamed model of DN was established according to our previous study.24-hour urinary protein was measured every week.The plasma lipid profile was detected by clinical biochemistry assay.Podocyte changes were evaluated by electron microscope and immunofluorescent staining.Lipid accumulation in the kidney was evaluated by oil red O staining and intracellular cholesterol quantitative assay.The protein expression of Wilm's tumor-1 (WT-1),nephrin,α-smooth muscle actin (t-SMA),and molecules correlated with LDLr pathway were examined by immunohistochemical staining or Western blotting.The colocalized protein expression of LDLr with WT-1 was examined by immunofluorescent staining and laser confocal microscopy.Results There were no differences in plasma levels of LDL and HDL among four groups.Compared with db/db group,the db/db+ casein group showed markedly increased 24-hour urinary protein,more significant podocyte foot process effacement and podocyte damage,increased lipid droplet accumulation in kidneys,increased protein expressions of LDLr,SCAP and SREBP-2 in kidneys (all P ＜ 0.05).Interestingly,increased LDLr protein expression in kidneys of db/db mice was negatively correlated with decreased nephrin protein expression (r =-0.855,P ＜ 0.01) and positively correlated with increased α-SMA protein expression (r=0.768,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The disruption of LDLr pathway induced by inflammation contributes to podocyte injuries in diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To investigate the potential role of CXC chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16)/CXC chemokine receptor 6 (CXCR6) pathway in the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods 8?week old male db/db mice were randomly divided into DN group and DN inflamed group. 10% casein was subcutaneously injected to induce the DN mouse model with inflammation. In vitro, HK?2 cells were treated with high glucose (HG), and IL?1β+HG to investigate the effect of inflammatory stress on HK?2 cells. Further knockdown CXCL16 was mediated by RNA interference to determine the effects of CXCl16, then cells were divided into HG+IL?1βgroup, HG+IL?1β + siCXCL16 group and HG + IL?1β + vehicle group. Changes of renal function in mice were assessed by 24 h proteinuria and N?acetyl?β?D?glucosaminidase (NAG) during 8 weeks. The ultra?microstructure was checked by electron microscopy at 8th week. Lipid accumulation in kidneys and HK?2 were observed by Filipin staining and quantitative assay of intracellular free cholesterol. The protein expressions of CXCl16, CXCR6, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase?10 (ADAM10), fibronectin and α smooth muscle actin (α?SMA) in renal tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The mRNA and protein expressions of CXCl16, CXCR6, ADAM10, fibronectin andα?SMA in HK?2 cells were detected by real?time PCR and Western blotting, and protein expressions of CXCl16, CXCR6 and ADAM10 in HK?2 cells were also tested by cell immunofluorescence. Results Mice in DN inflamed group had higher 24 h proteinuria and NAG than those in DN group, and the differences between two groups shown statistical significance at 8th week (all P<0.05). Compared with DN mice, DN inflamed mice had more vacuoles within renal tubular cells, with mitochondrial swelling, deformation and decrease. Lipid accumulation and protein expressions of fibronectin and α?SMA were increased in DN inflamed group when compared with DN group (all P<0.05). Further, the expressions of CXCL16, CXCR6, ADAM10 were significantly increased in DN inflamed group (all P<0.05). In vitro, the mRNA and protein expressions of CXCL16, CXCR6, ADAM10, fibronectin and α?SMA, and lipid accumulation were increased in high glucose plus IL?1βgroup when compared with high glucose group (all P<0.05). However, after siRNA of CXCL16 transfection, the mRNA and protein expressions of CXCL16, CXCR6, ADAM10, fibronectin andα?SMA were down?regulated in HG+IL?1β+siCXCL16 group as compared with high glucose+IL?1βgroup (all P<0.05). Furthermore, lipid accumulation was decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion Inflammation accelerates tubulointerstitial injury in DN partly through the activation of CXCL16 pathway, which may facilitate the lipid accumulation in tubular epithelial cells.

ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the association between vitamin D level and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children and adolescents. MethodsRelated English and Chinese databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, CBM, Wanfang Data, and VIP, were searched for studies on the association between vitamin D level and NAFLD in children and adolescents published up to August 2020. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate quality of studies, and RevMan 5.3 software was used for data analysis. ResultsA total of 10 articles were included in the meta-analysis, with 622 patients in the NAFLD group and 1608 in the healthy control group. All 10 articles had an NOS score of ≥6. A pooled analysis of the 10 articles was performed using a random effects model (I2=97%, P＜0.05). The NAFLD group had a significantly lower serum 25(OH) D level than the healthy control group (standardized mean difference=-1.40, 95% confidence interval: -2.07 to -0.72). ConclusionThere is a significant reduction in serum vitamin D level in children and adolescents with NAFLD, which may be associated with the progression and severity of NAFLD.

To cultivate high-quality professionals of transfusion medicine and construct a new mode of undergraduate practice of transfusion medicine. Since 2013, orientation interns in blood transfusion medicine were recruited from the undergraduate program of laboratory medicine, and a new teaching mode of orientation practice of blood transfusion medicine was established from the aspects of teaching staff, rotation of posts, practice content and comprehensive quality. Through the new training mode of orientation practice, excellent transfusion medical professionals with solid basic knowledge, strong operational skills and high comprehensive quality were cultivated. The establishment of the oriented practice mode of blood transfusion medicine is beneficial to the cultivation and output of high-quality transfusion talents and plays a positive role in promoting the development of transfusion medicine education.

【Objective】 To analyze the root causes of adverse events to insufficient plasma transfusion, so as to explore improvement measures, optimize the transfusion strategy and avoid such adverse events. 【Methods】 The root causes of insufficient plasma transfusion were analyzed by health care failure mode and effect analysis, the targeted improvement measures were formulated and the effect was evaluated. 【Results】 After the improvement, the incidence of adverse events to insufficient plasma transfusion decreased significantly.The risk priority value affecting the safety of blood transfusion decreased from 70 to 8, and the proportion of coagulation function test after blood transfusion increased from 44.61%(1 309/2 934)in 2012 to 80.55% (2 187/2 715)in 2019, and plasma transfusion volume per capital increased from 300 mL to 528 mL. PT and APTT values after plasma transfusion in 2019 significantly increased compared with those in 2012. Meanwhile, the proportion of plasma transfusion in hospitalized patients decreased from 3.16% (2 934/92 838)to 2.12%(2 715/128 352). 【Conclusion】 Risk management of quality and safety of blood transfusion by combing healthcare failure mode, effect analysis and root cause analysis(RCA) can improve the risk awareness of clinical blood transfusion, optimize the proportion of plasma transfusion, and is essential to ensure the safety and effectiveness of blood transfusion and improve the prognosis of transfused patients.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.