ObjectiveTo compare the clinical effects of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and ureteroscope holmium laser lithotripey(URL) in emergency patients with ureteral calculi.MethodsTwo hundred and forty emergency patients with ureteral calculi were retrospectively analyzed,including 110 patients undergoing ESWL (ESWL group) and 130 patients undergoing URL (URL group).Results The success rate of fragmentation and calculi-free rate were 90.0％ (117/130) and 80.8％(105/130) in URL group,of which were 88.2％(97/110) and 75.5％(83/110) in ESWL group with no significant difference between two groups (P ＞ 0.05 ).The success rate of fragmentation and calculi-free rate of upper ureter in ESWL group were much better than those in URL group[93.1％(54/58) vs.84.3％(59/70),77.6％ (45/58) vs.70.0％ (49/70),P ＜ 0.05 ],those of middle-lower ureter in URL group were much better than those in ESWL group[96.7％(58/60) vs.82.7％(43/52),93.3％(56/60) vs.73.1％(38/52),P＜0.05].ConclusionESWL and URL both have good curative effects in emergency patients with ureteral calculi,and ESWL has better effects for upper ureter while URL for middle-lower ureter.

Objective To investigate the effects of schistosomiasis on malignant bio-behaviors including histological types,differentiation grade,inasie depth,lymphnode metastasis and prognosis of colorectal carcinoma among elderly people in the district of petrochemical industry,Shanghai.Methods A total of 184 cases (aged 60 years and over) with specimens of colorectal cancer were collected from January 2004 to December 2010.These specimens were divided into colorectal carcinoma with schistosomiasis (CRCS) group (102 cases) and simple colorectal carcinoma (CRC) as control group (82 cases).The prognostic data of 40 elderly cases with colorectal carcinoma from January 2004 to December 2006 were simultaneously selected and analysed Results Totally 55.4％ (102/184) cases exhibited coexistent schistosomiasis with colorectal carcinoma.lesion site(x2=16.53),growth pattern(x2 =10.81 ),differentiation degree(x2 =10.46),infiltration degree(x2 =6.71),lymph node metastasis(x2 =3.90),and TNM staging(x2=5.73) in CRCS group were closely related to schistosomiasis compared with CRC group (P＜0.05).Survival curve analysis showed that there was no significant effect of schistosomiasis on the survival time of elderly patients with colorectal carcinoma (x2 =0.14,P＞0.05).Conclusions The coexistent schistosomiasis may be associated with the malignant bio-behaviors of colorectal carcinoma among the elderly,but have no significant influence on the survival time after operation.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL) by middle renal calice used as main access for the treatment of staghorn stones with the combination of pneumatic and ultrasonic lithotrite.Methods Clinical data of 73 patients underwent PCNL by middle renal calices as main access with 57 incomplete staghorn stones and 35 complete staghorn stones.The rate of stone removal and complications were the main points of the analysis.Results Seventy-two cases underwent first session PCNL by single access tract(middle calices),3 cases underwent first session PCNL by double access tracts (2 cases by middle and lower calices,1 case by upper and middle calices).Of these patients,1 case had fragments with no further treatment,16 cases underwent second session PCNL.All were treated by single access tract (middle calices) and 2 cases had extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy before the second PCNL.Seventy-six cases composed of 27 complete staghorn stones and 49 incomplete staghorn stones had no residual fragments with the stones removal rate 82.6％ (76/92).Hemoglobin dropped 1-4 g/L,11 cases and 3 cases were given blood transfusion in the operation procedure and post operation respectively.One case developed pyelonephritis and 1 case had split renal dysfunction with peri-parenchyma infection.Conclusions By middle calices as a main access to perform PCNL for staghorn stones is effective and safe.Using pneumatic and ultrasonic lithotrite will be very useful with high stones free rate and short procedure time and less complication.

Objective: To use autophagy inhibitors combined with radiation to treat the oral squamous cell carcinoma CAL-27 and KB cells,and to explore the influence of autophagy in the oral cancer radiation sensitivity and its mechanisms. Methods:The human oral squamous cell carcinoma CAL-27 and KB cells were divided into control group,CQ group,3-MA group,IR group,CQ+IR group,and 3-MA+IR group. The survival rate was detected by MTT method and the autophagy of CAL-27 cells was observed by immunofluorescence method and laser scanning confocal microscope.The expression levels of LC3 and beclin-1 were detected by Western blotting method. The apoptotic rate was determined by flow cytometry with Annexin Ⅴ/PI doulde staining. Results:Compared with IR group,the survival rates in 3-MA + IR and CQ+ IR groups were signifcantly decreased (P < 0.05 ).The autophagy levels of cells in IR group were significantly higher than those in control group, CQ group, 3-MA group,CQ+IR group,and 3-MA+IR group (P <0.05).The expression levels of LC3 and beclin-1 proteins in IR group were significantly higher than those in control group,CQ+ IR group,and 3-MA+ IR group (P < 0.05). The apoptotic rates in IR,3-MA+ IR,and CQ+ IR groups were markedly higher than those in control group. Compared with IR group,the apoptotic rates in CQ+IR and 3-MA+IR groups were significantly increased (P <0.05).Conclusion:Radiotherapy can induce the increase of autophagy level of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Inhibiors of autophagy can increase the radio-sensitivity of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by inhibiting the proliferation and inducing the apoptosis.

Objective:To investigate the effect of poly (lactic acid)(PLA)electrospun membranes loaded with cisplatin and chloroquine on the oral squamous cell carcinoma CAL-27 cells,and to explore the method to prevent the recurrence of oral cancer.Methods: The DDP/PLA membranes, CQ/DDP/CQ/PLA membranes and CQ/DDP/PLA membranes were prepared by electrospinning.Then the micro morphology of three kinds of membranes were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM);the degradation rate of PLA membrane was measuredby UV spectrophotometric.The LC3-Ⅱ expression level in CAL-27 cells was detected by laser scanning confocal microscope.The survival rate of CAL-27 cells was detected by MTT method.Results:The SEM results showed that the nanofibers of DDP/PLA,CQ/DDP/PLA and CQ/DDP/CQ/PLA membranes were continuous and smooth with uniform diameters.The degrated time of membranes was about 21 d.The MTT result showed that compared with control group,at first,the effects of cell killing of DDP/PLA membranes,CQ/DDP/CQ/PLA membranes and CQ/DDP/PLA membranes were not obvious;as the extension of time,the survival rates of CAL-27 cells in DDP/PLA membranes group,CQ/DDP/CQ/PLA membranes group and CQ/DDP/PLA membranes group were decreased (P <0.05).The immunofluorescence results showed that the fluorescence intensity of LC3-Ⅱ in CQ/DDP/CQ/PLA membranes group and CQ/DDP/PLA membranes group were lower than that in DDP/PLA membranes group.Conclusion:CQ/DDP/PLA membranes with sustained-release effect can increase the sensitivity of CAL-27 cells to DDP and enchance the killer effect of DDP on the CAL-27 cells.

With the continuous research and elucidation of the role and species of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs),the relationship between lncRNAs and cancer resistance has been paid more and more attention by researchers.Studies find that lncRNAs are involved in tumor drug resistance by altering DNA repair and cell cycle,drug delivery system,drug metabolism,cell apoptosis and epithelial interstitial transformation.lncRNAs are expected to be a new biological marker,which provids a new way to diagnose,treat and evaluate the prognosis of cancer.

Objective To analyze the relevant factors affecting prognosis of pulmonary infection after renal transplantation.Methods The clinical data of 40 patients who suffered from pulmonary infection after renal transplantation at the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University from January 2000 to December 2010 were analyzed retrospectively.By Cox risk model,single and multi-analysis were performed on 20 possible factors,including age,gender,time of infection,type of infection,white blood cell count,neutrophil ratio, hemoglobin,blood glucose,serum creatinine (Scr),pulmonary infection complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome or acute pulmonary injury,rejection,blood transfusion,infusion of albumin,infusion of immune globulin,use of ventilator,way of offering oxygen,immunosuppressive regimen,dosage change of immunosuppressant,anti-infection therapeutic regimen and length of stay.Results and Conclusions Triple immunosuppressive therapy without mycophenolate mofetil (MMF ) and increase of neutrophil ratio were independent risk factors for pulmonary infection after renal transplantation.Triple immunosuppressive therapy with MMF combined with early anti-infection therapeutic regimen may improve patient and graft survival of patients with pulmonary infection after renal transplantation.

To investigate the incidence of malignant tumors in oral and maxillofacial region and the pathological features of various tumors, a total of 3 382 cases of malignant tumors in oral and maxillofacial region admitted to Jilin University from Januarary 2000 to December 2017. The characteristics of age, sex, location and pathological types of all kinds of tumors were analyzed. The median onset age is 57 years old, 51 to 70 years old is a high-risk age group, the ratio of male to female was 1.9∶1. The primary tumor location is tongue, gingiva and floor of mouth. Epithelial, lymphatic hematopoietic system, bone and soft tissue were the three major sources of tumor tissue, and squamous cell carcinoma was the most common pathological type (65.1%), followed by mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma. In summary, oral and maxillofacial malignancies have a high incidence in elderly men, and tongue is the most common site of disease. Epithelial-origin and squamous cell carcinomas are the first of their origins and pathological types, respectively.