Objective To understand the ammonia pollution level in indoor air in Chengdu city,China.Methods 50 newly decorated houses included resident houses,offices and public places were selected in Chengdu city.The national standard method of China-Berthelot spectrophotometry was used to determine the concentration of ammonia in indoor air.Results The result showed that the average concentration of ammonia was 0.307 mg/m3,the rate of exceed standard limit was 58.33%,the highest concentration was 0.598 mg/m3,which was almost three times of the national standard limit.At 4 months after decoration,the concentration of ammonia decreased near to the national standard limit(0.20 mg/m3).Conclusion As the time goes on,the concentration of ammonia in indoor air shows a downtrend,and in general,it will reach to the safe level in 4 months after decoration,so it is suggested to move in the newly decorated houses after five months since the decoration finished will be better for human health.

Objective We summarized the clinical experience of modified ileal ureter substitution for treating long segment ureteral defection.Methods We retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 2 patients with long segment ureteral defect who treated with Yang-Monti ileal ureter substitution between March 2015 and November 2015.One 75 years old male patient was diagnosed as upper ureteral malignance and solitary kidney.The length of defection from renal pelvis to bladder was 22 em.His serum creatinine was 100 μmol/L,blood urea nitrogen was 5.7 mmol/L,serum chloride was 98 mmol/L.Another one 41 years old female patient was diagnosed as middle and lower ureteral iatrogenic injury.The traumatic length was 15 cm.Her serum creatinine was 70 μmol/L,blood urea nitrogen was 5.1 mmol/L,serum chloride was 100 mmol/L.they were both treated by Yang-Monti ileal ureter substitution.The ileal intestinal segment was used for the ureteral replacement,which were more than 15 cm to the ilealcecum.The length of intestine was 10.0 cm and 7.5 cm,respectively.The ileal mesentery was preserved.After closing the mesangial hiatus,the ileal segment was pull into the retroperitoneal space and pulling out via descending colonic mesangial window.The ileal segment was divided into three parts,which was 2.5 to 3.0 cm in each part.Each part was opened via long axis and then rotated 90 degree.The 4-0 absorable suture was used to suture the edge of each intestinal part continuously.The sutured intestine was re-tubularized,using 4-0 absorable suture and the F16 catheter was used as the tube model.The length of reconstructed ureter was 22 cm and 18 cm,respectively.The neo-ureter was re-anastomosed with renal pelvis and bladder wall.Two F6 double J stents were placed in the neo-ureter.Results The operative time was 160 min and blood loss was 200 ml in the first case.In the second case,the operative time was 180 min and blood loss was 220 ml.No significant complications were noticed intra-operation and post-operation.Six months after operation,the male patient's serum creatinine was 112 pmol/L,blood urea nitrogen was 6.1 mmol/L,serum chloride was 106.0 mmol/L and electrolytes were normal.In another patient,serum creatinine was 79 μmol/L,blood urea nitrogen was 5.9 mmol/L and serum chloride was 103.0 mmol/L.The GFR was 24.9 ml/min and 22.1 m]/min 3 and 6 months after operation,respectively.Ureteral obstruction wasn't detected on IVU images 3 months after operation.Conclusions For patient with long ureteral defect,which cannot be replaced by other urinary tissue,YangMonti ileal ureter substitution is one of the optional modalities.As a new technique of ureteral substitution,Yang-Monti ileal ureter substitution is simple and fewer complications and can improve the quality of life in patient compared with traditional ureteral substitution.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effect of H2S pretreatment after cerebral schemia/reperfusion injury and its mechanisms in rats.

METHODSThe rat model of global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury was established by bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion combined with hemorrhagic hypotension.30 rats were randomly divided into four groups(1)sham group(n=5),in which rats received sham surgery only,with their bilateral vertebral artery and bilateral common carotid artery exposed but without ischemia treatment;(2)global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model group(IR group,n=5),in which the global cerebral ischemia was induced by 10-min occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries combined with hypotension;(3)H2S pretreatment group(n=15),in which H2S(12,24,48 Μmol/kg)was intraperitoneally injected before operation;(4)NaCl pretreatment group(n=5),in which the rats were intraperitoneally injected with saline 30 minutes before operation.The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and the levels of malondialdeehyde(MDA)in brain were measured by spectrophotometry.Brain water content was detected.The expression of heat shock protein 70(HSP70) in the hippocampus was determined by Western blotting.

RESULTSThe SOD activities were significant increased in groups pretreated with 12Μmol/kg H2S(P=0.042),24Μmol/kg H2S(P=0.002),and 48Μmol/kg H2S(P=0.000),and the SOD activity was significantly lower in the ischemia group than in the Sham group(P=0.003).The MDA activities in the 24Μmol/kg group(P=0.026)and the 48Μmol/kg group(P=0.015)groups were significantly lower than in the IR group.The brain water content was decreased in H2S pretreatment group(24Μmol/kg and 48 Μmol/kg)compared with IR group(P=0.018,P=0.008),and it was also significantly higher in the IR group than in the sham group(P=0.009).The expression of HSP70 were decreased in H2S pretreatment group(24 Μmol/kg)compared with the IR group(P=0.000),and the expression of HSP70 were significantly higher in the IR group than in HSP70 group(P=0.000).The expression of HSP70 also significantly differed between NaCl group and HSP70 group(P=0.000).

CONCLUSIONH2S has protective effects on cerebral ischemia and reperfusion,which may be achieved by improving SOD activity,removing oxygen free radicals,inhibiting lipid peroxidation,and down-regulating the expression of HSP70 in the hippocampus.

Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; metabolism ; Free Radicals ; metabolism ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Hydrogen Sulfide ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

Background Bevacizumab is primarily aimed at pathologic angiogenesis for off-label uses such as the treatment of ocular neovascular disorders.However,as a new anti-fibrotic and anti-angiogenic agent following trabeculectomy,the safety and efficacy of bevacizumab by multiple-time and high-dose subconjunctival injection are still under study.Objective This study was to assess the safety and efficacy of bevacizumab after multiple-time and high-dose subconjunctival injections.Methods Regular trabeculectomy filtration surgery was performed on both eyes of 18 clean New Zealand White rabbits 0.1ml of bevacizumab(25g/L) was subconjunctivally injected intraoperatively and 3,5,7 days postoperatively in the left eyes of rabbits,and no any intervene in the right eyes were as normal controls.Bleb morphology was examined every 2 days and graded based on Moorefield's criteria and compared between the bevacizumab-treated eyes and normal saline(NS) eyes.The animals were sacrificed at 10,20 and 30 days after surgery respectively.The histopathological changes of the blebs were detected by hematoxylin and eosin stain to evaluate the cellular element around the bleb,and Masson stain was used to assess the degree of fibroblast proliferation.The degree of vascularity of bleb was identified by anti-vWf stain.Approval of this protocol was obtained and permitted from People's Hospital Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Peking University.The use of experimental animals complied with the Regulation for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results Compared to the NS-treated eyes,bevacizumab-treated eyes showed the larger and more diffusely elevated blebs with the significant difference(2.48±0.22cm2 versus 1.73±0.27cm2,t=5.194,P＜0.05).The survival time of the filtration bleb in bevacizumab panel was longer in bevacizumab-treated eyes compared to control eyes,showing a significantly difference between them(21.0±1.56 days versus 12.5±1.97 days,t=3.830,P=0.005).Histological and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that bleb and adjacent conjunctiva vascularity(A value) was significantly less in bevacizumab-treated eyes than that in control eyes at 20 days after surgery with the difference value 14320.7±4134.9(t=12.275,P＜0.05),and fibroblast deposition value was evidently diminished after bevacizumab treatment at 30 days following surgery in comparison with control eyes with the mean difference 0.27±0.03(t=15.980,P＜0.05＝.Conclusion Repeated subconjunctival injection of bevacizumab can effectively prolong the survival time of bleb in a rabbit model of trabeculectomy and limit the degree and area of vascularization in 30 days following surgery.Bevacizumab inhibit fibroblast-meditated tissue formation significantly in the later phase of vascularization after trabeculectomy.

Objective:Establish mass-scale purification technology of cell-derived influenza virus. Methods: A microcarrier-based process was used to produce human influenza virus in serum free-adapted Vero cells. The virus was purified in a sequence of downstream processing steps including inactivation, clarification, anion exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography and size-exclusion chromatography. Results: The recovery of HA reached 102%. 95.3% total protein, including 99.77% host cell protein, and 99.99% host cell DNA were removed during downstream processing. Conclusion: Providing a high effective purification technology for cell-derived influenza virus.

Objective　To evaluate the effect of Naogongfude (NGFD, a traditional Chinese medicine orally administrated) on learning and memory and the expressions of synaptophysin (SY) and Tau-protein in cerebral cortex and hippocampus in aged rats and to explore the possible mechanism. Methods　Rats were divided into normal and neural disturbance groups according to the outcomes of active avoidance reaction (AAR) test, and then each group was randomly divided into control and NGFD-treated experimental groups. Animals were orally fed with NGFD for 2 months (5 ml/d) in experimental group or routinely fed in control and taken AAR and passive avoidance reaction (PAR) tests. After the rats were sacrificed, the synaptosome count, the expression of SY and Tau-protein, and the neuron apoptosis in cerebrum were examined. Results　The rats after 2-month NGFD administration had an increased AAR acquisition, obviously delayed AAR extinction and prolonged step through latency (STL) of PAR. The number of synaptosomes was raised and the immunoreactive intensity of synaptophysin was increased remarkedly, while Tau-protein immunoreactivity and apoptotic cells were decreased in cerebrum. Conclusion　NGFD does have the effect of improving brain function and putting off the aging of rat brain according to the results of behavior study and morphological observation.

To point out the current problems on the water extraction process in the preparation of patent medicine or single medicine recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010, and to provide the references for the next Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the water extraction technology of traditional Chinese patent medicine (CPM) industry. According to Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 and literature at home and abroad, the four basic stages of extraction were analyzed and the problems on the low transfer rate of active constituents by water extraction were discussed. In the four stages of water extraction process, any stage that was limited led to the low transfer rate of active constituents or even influenced the drug's efficacy directly. Not only the poor permeability of water, but also the high oil and macromolecular components in Chinese herbs could limit the infiltration with water as solvent. In desorption and dissolution stages, the poor solubility of nonpolar and medium polarity components with a low affinity for water was difficult to dissolve completely. In diffusion stage, the active constituents in Chinese materia medica were difficult to penetrate the cellular barrier and spread to the water due to the larger molecular weight. In substitution stage, coexisting macromolecular substances affect the other mass exchanges on both sides of cell biological membrane in the process of material mutual exchanges. It is the common problem that water extraction ratio of CPM is low. It is also the urgent problem of Chinese Pharmacopoeia to be solved, or it will definitely hinder the development of industrial CPM. Insiders should pay more attention to this problem and take new ideas to solve it.

Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a highly effective anti-tumor method. However, when laser radiation was used to ablate tumors, it usually triggers a series of inflammatory reactions, promoting the further development of tumors and affecting the effect of anti-tumor therapy. Therefore, it is an effective method to improve the anti-tumor effect by suppressing the inflammatory response through the precise targeted delivery of anti-inflammatory drug while realizing the photothermal treatment of tumors. To this end, the redox-responsive linker 3,3'-dithiodipropionic acid was used to bond the classic hydrophobic anti-inflammatory drug 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA) and the hydrophilic fragment methoxy-polyethylene glycol (mPEG-NH₂) to obtain redox-responsive amphiphilic polymer PEG-DA-GA in this study. Then, photothermal agent IR-780 was encapsulated to prepare redox-responsive polymer micelle PDG/IR-780 NPs. The PDG/IR-780 NPs exhibited uniform particle size of 80.2 ± 5.3 nm and the polydispersity index (PDI) was 0.215 ± 0.079. All animal experiments followed the ethical requirements formulated by the Ethics Committee of Sichuan University. The results showed that PDG/IR-780 NPs could respond to the abundant glutathione (GSH) in tumor cells to promote the disintegration of nanoparticle and the release of 18β-GA, thus significantly improved the killing efficiency on 4T1 cells, when compared with the non-redox-responsive control PSG/IR-780 NPs. When the concentration of 18β-GA was 50 μg·mL^-1, the cell viability of 4T1 cells in the PDG/IR-780 NPs group was only (19.29 ± 1.80) %, which was significantly lower than the result of in PSG/IR-780 NPs group (29.30 ± 1.37) %. The results of frozen sections of tumor tissues showed that the designed PDG NPs can promote the tumor-targeted distribution of drugs compared with the free drug group. Eventually, PDG/IR-780 NPs achieved wonderful anti-tumor efficacy on 4T1 triple-negative breast cancer model, revealing the new possibility of the combined therapy strategy of photothermal and anti-inflammatory therapy.

In this study, a rapid and sensitive analytical method was developed for the determination of 10 major compounds (procyanidin B1, catechin, procyanidin B2, rutin, isoquercitrin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, astragalin, quercitrin, quercetin, and kaempferol) in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) in multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. UPLC-MS/MS assay with negative ion mode was performed on a Waters CORTECS C18 (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.6 μm) with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile (A) and 0.1% aqueous formic acid (B) in gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.25 mL · min(-1) and the column temperature was set at 45 °C. Under the optimized chromatographic conditions, good separation for 10 target compounds were obtained including chiral isomer procyanidins B1 and B2 were completely separated within 8.5 min. Satisfactory linearity was achieved with wide linear range and fine determination coefficient (r > 0.996 6), the overall recoveries were ranged from 95.44%-110.40% with the RSD ranging from 2.37%-8.69%. It is the first report about simultaneous analysis of 10 major flavonoids components in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum by using UPLC-MS/MS method, which affords highly sensitive, specific, speedy and efficient method for quality control of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum
Acetonitriles ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Kaempferols ; Quercetin ; analogs & derivatives ; Rutin ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Vitaceae ; chemistry

The total RNA was extracted from ginseng leaves of Panax ginseng. The Cu/Zn-SOD gene was amplified via RT-PCR and the pET-28(a)-Cu/Zn-SOD expression vector was constructed. The pET-28 (a)-Cu/Zn-SOD recombinant plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) competent cells and was induced by IPTG in order to select optimal induction of expression conditions. The target protein was purified by the nickel ions (Ni ) affinity chromatography and the target protein enzyme activity was determinated by the xanthine oxidase method. The similarity of the Cu/Zn-SOD gene sequences and the Cu/Zn-SOD gene sequences of Korean ginseng in NCBI was 99. 00%. The target protein expression level was about 44.42%, and the molecular weight was 16.30 kDa after the pET-28(a)-Cu/Zn-SOD recombinants were induced by IPTG. The purified Cu/Zn-SOD protease activity reached 10,596.69 U x mg(-1). The P. ginseng pET-28(a)-Cu/Zn-SOD prokaryotic expression vector was built by the method of molecular biology, which provided the foundation for studying the Cu/Zn-SOD biology function.
Cloning, Molecular ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Engineering ; methods ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Panax ; enzymology ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis ; Superoxide Dismutase ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism