1.In vivo Electrochemical Biosensor for Brain Glutamate Detection: A Mini Review
Siti Kartika Hamdan ; Zainiharyati Mohd Zain
Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014;21(Special Issu):12-26
Glutamate is one of the most prominent neurotransmitters in mammalian brains, which plays an important role in neuronal excitation. High levels of neurotransmitter cause numerous alterations, such as calcium overload and the dysfunction of mitochondrial and oxidative stress. These alterations may lead to excitotoxicity and may trigger multiple neuronal diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, and epilepsy. Excitotoxicity is a pathological process that damages nerve cells and kills cells via excessive stimulation by neurotransmitters. Monitoring the concentration level of brain glutamate via an implantable microbiosensor is a promising alternative approach to closely investigate in the function of glutamate as a neurotransmitter. This review outlines glutamate microbiosensor designs to enhance the sensitivity of glutamate detection with less biofouling occurrence and minimal detection of interference species. There are many challenges in the development of a reproducible and stable implantable microbiosensor because many factors and limitations may affect the detection performance. However, the incorporation of multiple scales is needed to address the basic issues and combinations across the various disciplines needed to achieve the success of the system to overcome the challenges in the development of an implantable glutamate biosensor.
2.Application and Modification of RT-LAMP for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Genome
Adibah Che Mohamad Nor ; Zainiharyati Mohd Zain ; Mohd Shihabuddin Ahmad Noorden
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 2023;19(No.2):286-292
COVID-19 outbreak caused by the newly discovered SARS-CoV-2 has become a major public health threat around
the world and has create a tremendous effect on the global economy. Hence, there is a high demand for rapid and
accurate diagnosis to contain the spread of the disease. The Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RTPCR), the current standard for diagnosis of COVID-19 however possesses certain drawbacks that limits its application
to meet the high demand of the continually increasing COVID-19 cases. Conversely, Loop-Mediated Isothermal
Amplification (LAMP) is another nucleic acid amplification method that shows a great potential as an alternative
tool in rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 due to its simplicity and rapidity. This review summarized the recent published
research articles related to the application and modification of RT-LAMP assay for the rapid detection of COVID-19
in comparison with other available diagnostic methods.