This article summarizes LI Shimao's academic view of tracing the origin and differentiating the pulse and syndrome in six aspects.1) Emphasizing pulse in diagnosis:he put forward the new theories of pulse diagnosis such as differentiating syndrome by pulse diagnosis outline theory,deficiency and excess pulse diagnosis outline theory and interpreting pulse mechanism with Qi and blood outline theory.2) Emphasizing sweat promotion method in the three methods (including sweat promotion,emetic method and purgative method):he promoted sweat with acrid-warm drugs not only in the treatment of excess cold syndrome,but also in the treatment of deficiency cold syndrome.3) Emphasizing Yang deficiency in cold damage syndrome:he regarded Yang deficiency as an important reason for the attack of externally-contracted wind-cold.4) Emphasizing fire constraint in warm disease:he was the first to pinpointed that the nature of warm disease is stagnated heat,he was good at treating warm disease with clearing,venting and enriching methods of which venting is the core and he invented Xinjia Shengjiang San (新加升降散) to treat stagnated heat;5) Emphasizing treating phlegm and stasis in the complicated diseases:he thought the difficult and complicated diseases in modem medicine were similar to the phlegm syndrome and stasis syndrome in Chinese medicine,so he liked modifying Daotan Tang (导痰汤),ZHANG Zhongjing's formulae,WANG Qingren's formulae for removing blood stasis and Taohong Siwu Tang (桃红四物汤) to treat phlegm and stasis syndromes;6) Emphasizing emergencies in rescue period:he thought Chinese medicine did a great work in treating emergencies,and modern scientific and technological methods should be used in studying emergencies in Chinese medicine.

Objective To investigate the effect of Tongmai oral liquid on the early diabetic nephropathy. Methods Diabetic nephropathy rats were induced by excision of the right kidney and a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Forty male Wistar rats were divided randomly into 3 groups:Tongmai group, nephrotic model group, and normal group. At the end of the 8th week, the rats general states and some parameters such as kidney hypertrophy index, 24 h urine volume, blood glucose, 24 h urinary microalbumin (24 h UMA), renal function [serum creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN)], serum lipid, and the change of nephritic pathologic lesion were measured. Result Compared with the model group, general states in Tongmai group were improved, there was a considerable increase on body weight (P

Objective: to observe the protective effect of Swertia Punicea on experimental hepatic injury induced by CCl4 and BCG/LPS respectively. Methods: Mouse models of hepatic injury were induced by CCl4 and BCG/LPS. Serum levels of ALT and AST, MDA content and the pathological changes of hepatic tissue were observed. Results: Swertia Punicea obviously inhibited the rising levels of serum ALT and AST, improved the histological features and relieved hepatic edema induced by CCl4 in mice. However, it has no obvious action on the rising levels of ALT and AST induced by BCG/LPS. It also reduced MDA content and decreased the hepatic index and the splenic index. Conclusion: Swertia Punicea has antioxidation and a protective action on the chemical and immunological hepatic injury, especially on the chemical hepatic injury.

Objective To observe the protective effect of Swertia Punicea Hemsl. on mice chronic hepatic injury induced by CCI_4. Methods Serum levels of ALT, AST and total protein were measured and the liver index, spleen index as well as hepatic pathological changes were also observed. Results Swertia Punicea Hemsl. obviously decreased the levels of serum ALT and AST(P

AIM:To observe the protective effect of Swertia Punicea on chronic liver injury induced by CCl 4. METHODS: To measure levels of serum ALT、AST and the total protein, and to observe changes of the liver index、the spleen index as well as the liver pathological change. RESULTS: Swetia Punicea obviously lowered the levels of serum ALT and AST, and increased the content of the total protein. The drug decreased the liver index, but it had no obvious effect on the spleen index. It also improved the liver fibrosis. CONCLUSION: Swertia Punicea can protect liver and decrease enzymatic activity, and can retard or ease up the formation of the liver fibrosis.

Objective:To study the protecting effects of Luotai Injection Powder on cerebral ischemia.Methods: The protecting effects of Luotai Injection Powder on cerebral ischemia were studied on animal models of cerebral ischemia induced by ligaturing bilateral common carotid artery and decressing blood pressure. Results:Luotai Injection Powder (at doses of iv. 60mg/kg and 120mg/kg) significantly decreased the water content, capillary permeability and ischemia injury in brain of rats. In addition, it significantly increased the tolerance in mice at a dose of iv. 120mg/kg. Conclusions: Luotai Injction Powder has a protective effect on acute cerebral ischemia