Acetates ; therapeutic use ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Infant ; Lung ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Methylprednisolone ; therapeutic use ; Neuroendocrine Cells ; pathology ; Quinolines ; therapeutic use ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo investigate bronchial responsiveness to acetylcholine in allergic airway inflammation of SD rats.

METHODSSD rats were immunized and challenged by chicken ovalbumin (OVA). Airway responsiveness, acetylcholine (Ach) provocation concentration needed to increase baseline airway resistance by 200% (PC(200)) were measured.

RESULTSThe value of baseline airway resistance in asthma group was significantly higher than that in control group (2.282 +/- 0.128 vs 3.193 +/- 0.239; P < 0.01). After multiple ovalbumin exposures, airway responsiveness to intravenous injection of acetylcholine decreased significantly (-LogPC(200): 4.006 +/- 0.554 vs 2.059 +/- 0.262; P < 0.01). Bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue specimen analysis indicated that airway allergic inflammation was present.

CONCLUSIONSThe study demonstrates a dissociation between the bronchoconstrictor response and bronchial hyper-responsiveness and indicates that multiple ovalbumin exposures induces persistent bronchoconstriction with airway hypo-responsiveness despite airway allergic inflammation.

Acetylcholine ; pharmacology ; Airway Resistance ; Allergens ; immunology ; Animals ; Bronchi ; drug effects ; physiology ; Bronchial Hyperreactivity ; etiology ; Bronchoconstriction ; Lung ; pathology ; Male ; Ovalbumin ; immunology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To explore the clinical features of chronic granulomatous diseases and Mcleod syndrome caused by continuous X chromosome deletion. Methods The clinical data of two children diagnosed as chronic granulomatous disease and Mcleod syndrome by gene detection were retrospectively analyzed. Results Two males, 4 year 1 month and 1 year 9 month old, were both hospitalized due to persistent pulmonary infections. Both of them had a history of repeated severe infections and BCG vaccine associated lymphadenitis, and were diagnosed as X-linked chronic granulomatous disease for respiratory burst defects and deletion of all CYBB exons. Both of them had retarded motor development, and were diagnosed as DMD for detection of DMD gene exons and muscle speciifc promoter region and exon 1-2 deletion by MLPA. One case was found with obvious echinocytes, the other case showed whole exons deletion of XK gene. Both of them were diagnosed as Mcleod syndrome. Conclusion Continuous X chromosome deletion could lead to combination of Mcleod syndrome, DMD, and X-CGD, which may complicate the condition. Due to the lack of Kx antigen, repeated common blood transfusion can produce relative antibody, which lead to severe hemolytic crisis.

Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment of atypical severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID). Methods The clinical data of atypical SCID in 7 children with IL2RG,JAK3,and RAG1 mutations were reviewed and analyzed from September 2012 to June 2017. Results In 7 cases (6 males and 1 female), there were 5 infants, 1 toddler and 1 school-age child. Cases 2, 4, and 6 were classic SCID clinical phenotypes. Cases 1, 3, 5, 7 were atypical SCID clinical phenotypes. Case 6 were diagnosed with Omenn syndrome. Cases 2, 5 were classic SCID immune phenotypes, cases 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 were atypical SCID immune phenotypes, and case 1 had maternal chimera. The next generation sequencing indicated that case 1 had a compound heterozygous JAK3 mutation with c.3097-1G>A/c.946-950GCGGA>ACinsGGT.Cases 2,3,and 4 had IL2RG mutations,with c.865C>T/p.R289X,c.664C>T/R222C,52delG,respectively.Case 5 had JAK3 mutations with c.2150A>G/p.E717G and c.1915-2A>G.Sanger sequencing indicated that case 6 had a RAG1 mutation of complex heterozygosity with c.994C>T/p.R332X and c.1439G>A/p.S480N. Case 7 had homozygous RAG1 mutation with c.2095C>T/p.R699W.Conclusion Under certain conditions,gene mutation can lead to atypical clinical and/or immune phenotypic SCID.