OBJECTIVETo compare botanical characteristics of cultivated Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. 'Hangju' of different origins in order to provide the basis for introduction and cultivation of Ch. morifolium cv. 'Hangju'.

METHODThe characteristics of plants, leaves and capitulum of Ch. morifolium cv. 'Hangju' were measured, and the obtained data were analyzed and compared.

RESULTThe range of plant height was 60.87-99.47 cm, number of branches 2.76-5.20, leave length 4.90-8.40 cm, leave width 3.25-5.38 cm, aspect ratio of leave 1.35-1.83, number of leave split 1.92-3.08. Numbers of capitulum were 21.92-53.12, diameter of capitulum 3.41-5.48 cm, lays of ray florets 3.28-7.16, number of ray florets 55.32-114.60, ray florets length 1.58-2.37 cm, ray florets width 0.50-0.69 cm, aspect ratio of ray florets 2.90-3.99, diameter of tubular flower 1.10-1.58 cm.

CONCLUSIONThe botanical characteristics of cultivated Ch. morifolium cv. 'Hangju' were distinguished from different origins. With the cultivation environment change, the botanical characteristics of the cultivars are changed.

China ; Chrysanthemum ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Flowers ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; growth & development

Objective To work out the suitable iodine content in iodized salt among general population in Enshi Autonomous prefecture,Hubei province by determination of the iodine content in salt.Methods The method of direct titration was used to determine the iodine content in salt samples collected from residents in natural villages sampled from four directions of east,west,south and north in each township which was sampled from five directions of east,west,south,north and center in each city(county) in Enshi Autonomous prefecture,and salt samples were collected in Hubei Salt Industry Group Co.,Limited.Enshi Branch in 2011.The method of three-days weighing was used to estimate the resident's daily per capita intake of iodized salt.The appropriate iodine content for general population in salt was worked out according to the iodine content in salt from households and enterprises in Enshi Autonomous prefecture,the amount of iodine loss in iodized salt,the amount of per capita daily intake of iodized salt and the national iodine nutrition monitoring results.Results The median of iodine content in salt from residents and the production enterprises in 2011 was 33.5 mg/kg and 34.7 mg/kg,respectively.The residents' per capita salt intake was 10.9 g,actual intake of iodine wss 335.0 μg/d.Iodine content in iodized salt was 20 mg/kg ±30％ for the general population,actual intake of iodine was 149.4-250.4 μg/d.Conclusions The residents iodine intake is higher in Enshi Autonomous prefecture.Considering the comprehensive factors,including food iodine,water iodine,and iodine cooking loss,that affect the intake of salt iodine,the appropriate iodine content in iodized salt is 20 mg/kg ± 30％ for the general population.

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome of transvenous embolization withdetachable coils and N-butyl cyanoacrylate (n-BCA) for management of dural carotid-cavernous sinusfistulas (dCCFs). Methods Six patients with angiographically confirmed spontaneous dCCF wereinvolved in this study, including two with concurrent ipsilateral internal jugular vein occlusion. All thepatients received surgeries for transvenous embolization through the superior ophthalmic vein (2 cases) orthe inferior petrosal sinus (4 cases), using detachable coils (2 cases) or detachable coils combined withn-BCA (4 cases). Results The vascular murmur, exophthalmos and conjunctival congestiondisappeared in 4 patients shortly after the total embolization of the fistulas, while eyeball movementdisorder, diplopia and visual deterioration persisted for at least 1 month and gradually recovered 3 monthsafter the surgery. The fistulas failed to be completely embolized in two patients, and in one of the patients,the symptoms resolved after intermittent carotid artery compression for one week; in the other patient,exophthalmos recurred and worsened 1 month after embolization, and was successfully managed withtransarteriai embolization of the fistula. No symptomatic complications were found in these 6 patientsafter transvenous embolization in spite of the presence of a few small n-BCA granules in the lungs of twopatients. Conclusion Transvenous embolization is safe and effective for management of dCCF, andcombined use of detachable coils and n-BCA may enhance the success rate of total fistula embolization.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the technique, safety and clinical efficacy of transportal variceal sclerotherapy with n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) for gastric fundal varices.

METHODSTwenty-one patients with gastric fundal varices confirmed by endoscopy were enrolled in this study. The causes of the gastric varices were cirrhosis caused by hepatitis virus B or C (n = 16) and hepatocellular carcinoma with portal venous obstruction (n = 5). Percutaneous transhepatic or transplenic portography were performed on all 21 patients. The gastric varices were treated with NBCA-lipiodol mixture injected via a microcatheter introduced into the varices. For 8 patients who had large gastrorenal shunts (GRS), a balloon-occluded catheter was introduced into the GRS via the right femoral and left renal veins before injecting the NBCA-lipiodol. During the NBCA-lipiodol injection, the balloon was inflated to block the flow of GRS. Follow-up evaluations included findings of the laboratory liver function tests, upper intestinal endoscopies, and the occurrences of rebleeding.

RESULTSIn 20 patients (95.2%), the gastric varices were successfully obliterated with 2-8 ml of NBCA-lipiodol. In one patient with a large GRS, sclerotherapy was not successfully performed because a balloon-occluded catheter was not available during the procedure. In five patients, small amounts of NBCA-lipiodol entered into the distal pulmonary artery branches. Two of them suffered from transient irritable coughs; no patient developed severe pulmonary embolism. Embolization of portal venous branches occurred in two patients, which were not treated specifically. In comparison with the findings before the treatments, the serum alanine aminotransferase levels decreased at both 3 and 6 months after treatments (P less than 0.05); serum albumin levels increased at 6 months (P less than 0.05); the prothrombin times decreased at 6 months (P less than 0.05); but no significant changes were seen in the serum bilirubin levels. Fifteen patients were followed-up endoscopically for 3 months after the treatment. Gastric varices were completely resolved in 10 patients (66.7%) and were markedly smaller in 4 patients (26.6%). Worsening of the esophageal varices occurred in 3 patients (20%). All the patients were followed-up from 1 to 30 months [(16.7+/-8.8) months]. Rebleeding was observed in 4 patients, and the cumulative rebleeding rate at 1 year was 9.52%.

CONCLUSIONTransportal variceal sclerotherapy with NBCA is a safe and effective method for treating gastric varices. Microcatheter technique and occlusion of the large gastrorenal shunt with a balloon-occluded catheter are necessary to ensure obliteration of gastric varices and prevent pulmonary embolism.

Adult ; Aged ; Catheterization ; Enbucrilate ; therapeutic use ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; therapy ; Female ; Gastric Fundus ; pathology ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Portal Vein ; Sclerotherapy ; methods

【Objective】 To investigate the inhibitory effect of RGD- modified，MRI visualized nanocarrier（RGD- PEG-g-PEI-SPION）targeting for Survivin siRNA（siRNA）delivery to hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC）in nude mice； and to investigate the MRI imaging function of RGD-PEG-g-PEI-SPION in nude mouse liver cancer. 【Methods】Nude mice were subcutaneously injected with Bel- 7402 cells to establish a subcutaneous tumor- bearing model. Tumor growth inhibition test，HE staining，immunohistochemical staining and tumor cell apoptosis test were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of RGD-PEG-g-PEI-SPION targeted Survivin siRNA on liver cancer in nude mouse ；MRI imaging was used to analyze the targeting imaging function of RGD-PEG-g-PEI-SPION on hepatocellular carcinoma【Results】The subcutaneous tumor- bearing model of nude mice was successfully established，and the tumor volume of subcutaneous graft of RGD-PEG-g-PEI-SPION /siRNA，PEG-g-PEI-SPION/siRNA，RGD-PEG-g-PEI-SPION /siNC，PEG-g-PEI-SPION/ siNC and PBS solution in nude mice after first injection in the tail vein for 25 days was 59±8，156±7，202±7，212±9 and 220±8（mm3），respectively. Tumor histological examination showed that the RGD-PEG-g-PEI-SPION/siRNA group had the widest range of tumor necrosis，the lowest Survivin protein expression，and the number of apoptotic tumor cells significantly increased. Three hours after injection of RGD-PEG-g-PEI-SPION vector and PEG-g-PEI-SPION vector into the tail vein，the standardized MRI signal intensity of subcutaneous transplanted tumor decreased to（51.6±4.3）% and（88.5±3.2）% ，respectively ，compared with that before injection. 【Conclusion】 RGD- PEG- g- PEI- SPION delivers Survivin siRNA to hepatocellular carcinoma，promotes tumor cell apoptosis，inhibits tumor growth，and achieves good anti-tumor effect；RGD-PEG-g-PEI-SPION has a well targeted MRI imaging function in nude mouse liver cancer tissues.