OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the bioequivalence of domestic sirolimus capsules and commercially available sirolimus oral solution in healthy Chinese volunteers. METHODS: Twenty-two healthy Chinese male volunteers were enrolled and orally administered 5 mg sirolimus capsules or oral solution randomly. The concentrations of sirolimus in whole blood were determined by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS: The pharmacokinetic parameters of sirolimus capsules and oral solution were as following: ρmax(26.62 ± 9.97) and (25.28 ± 5.98) ng · mL-1; tmax(2.27 ± 0.55) and. (1.91 ± 2.33) h; t1/2 (73.07 ± 13.81) and (65.49 ± 17.00) h; AUC0-t (372.3 ± 146.2) and (368.2 ± 275.0) ng middot; h middot; mL-1, AUC0-∞ (466.8 ± 194.3) and (442.3 ± 324.4) ng middot; h middot; mL-1, respectively. The relative bioavailability F0-t was (112.4 ± 34.61)% and F0-∞ was (117.2 ± 39.93)%. Two-sided t-test of ρmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ indicated that the preparations were equivalent, and non-parametric test showed that sirolimus capsules had larger tmax than the reference preparation with a significant difference (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The domestic sirolimus capsule is bioequivalent to the marketed sirolimus oral solution with significantly different tmax. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Objective To explore bone formation markers in dexamethasone intervention osteocalcin (OC),bone alkaline phosphatase (BAKP),and type Ⅰ original amino terminal propcptide (PINP) relationship with bone longitudinal growth.Methods The selected thirty-three 4-week-old male SpragueDawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups:the dexamethasone group (n =18) and the control group (n =15).The rats in the dexamethasone group received dexamethasone (200 μg/100 g) by intraperitoneal injection for 10 days.The rats in the control group received matching volume sodium chloride solution.All rats were weighed everyday.The rats were killed by using 10％ chloral hydration at 8 AM of 11 th day.The length of tibiae was measured.The proximal tibiae were excised,fixed and decaleified.Mter paraffin embedded,sections in 5 μm thick were cut.The growth plate sections were stained by haematoxylin-eosin (HE) histochemistry method.Total height of growth plate was measured.The rats decaptitating and the blood were collected.Serum was separated and stored in-80 ℃ refrigerator for analysis.Enzyme -linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to detect the rat OC,BAKP and PINP values.Results The length of growth plate and tibiae of dexamethasone group were significantly decreased contrast the control group:the length of growth plate (P =0.001),and the length of tibiae (P =0.000).There were no significant differences between two groups of the value of OC,BAKP and PINP:OC (P =0.056),BAKP (P=0.122),and PINP (P =0.169).There was positive correlation between the serum OC and the length of tibiae (r =0.454,P =0.08) in control group,the PINP and OC (r =0.521,P =0.026) in dexamethasone group.Conclusions Glucocorticoid inhibit the longitudinal bone growth,to the osteoblasts (OC,BAKP and PINP) of growing rats is not obvious.

Objective:To establish an HPLC method to determine the content of schaftoside in Jinshaniu Huashi tablets .Meth-ods:The separation was performed on an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column(150 mm ×4.6 mm, 5 μm)with 0.2% phosphoric acid-acetonitrile as the mobile phase with gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0 ml· min-1 .The detection wavelength was set at 272 nm, and the column temperature was set at 25 ℃.Results: The calibration curve of schaftoside had a good linearity within the range of 4.58-183.15 μg· ml-1(r=1.000 0).The average recovery was 99.65%with RSD of 1.09%(n=6).Conclusion:The established method is simple and accurate with high repeatability , which can be used for the content determination of schaftoside in Jinshaniu Hua-shi tablets .

Objective To investigate the possibility of survivin inhibition by lentiviral vector-mediated RNA interference and the influence on cell apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cell line.Methods The lentiviral vector of SiRNA targeted against survivin(LV-shRNA-survivin-1,LV-shRNA-survivin-2,LV-shRNA-survivin-3) was constructed and transfected into the packaging cells 293T,and then the supernatant with virus was collected to transfect SW1990 cells.Quantitative real-time fluorescent PCR and Western-blot were used to detect the expression of survivin.DAPI staining and detection of enzymatic activity of caspase 3/7 were employed to examine cell apoptosis.Results Three lentiviral vector-survivin-shRNA were constructed successfully.In the LV-shRNA-survivin-1 group,the survivin mRNA and protein expression inhibitory rate was 73.50% and 87.64% respectively;when compared to control group,the activity of caspase-3/7 increased significantly,which showed a 14.5-fold increase,and apoptosis increased 11.95%.Conclusions Lentiviral vector-mediad RNA interference targeted against survivin can effectively inhibit survivin expression and increase cell apoptosis significantly.

0.05).However,the percentage of patients with cholecystolithiassis was 86.5% in IGC group,and 50.6% in GC group(P=0.000).Besides the percentage of IA stage in IGC group(29.7%) was relatively higher than that(9.0%)in GC group(P=0.03);the surgical resection rate of tumor in IGC group was 56.8% and 32.6% in GC group(P=0.01).Nevertheless,the percentage of advance stage in IGC group(43.2%) was relatively lower than that in GC group(74.2%)(P=0.001).The overall 1,3,and 5-year survival rate of IGC group was 70.0%,31.2% and 26.8% repectively,and the mean survival time was17 months(51?13);which were significantly higher than those in GC group,in which the 1,3,5-year survival rate was 27.0%,17.7% and 15.1% repectively and the mean survival time was(25?8),5 months(all P=0.006).Single factor analysis showed that the survival time in IGC patients was influenced by the TNM stage(P=0.000),pT-category(P=0.000),operation-category(P=0.008);however,postoperative pathological grade(P=0.080),age(P=0.188) and sex(P=0.234) had no influence on survival rate.According to multivariate analysis,pT-category(P=0.000)was an independent factor for the survival time of IGC.Conclusions Comparing with GC group,IGC has a higher percentage of cholecystolithiassis,IA tumor stage and surgical resection rate,and thus,it has relatively better progonosis.pT-category is the vital independent prognostic factor in IGC.If a patient in ICG has been misdiagnosed during the primary operation,the patient should be re-operated for radical excision as soon as possible,except when the tumor is in stage Tis or T1a.

Child ; Enterovirus A, Human ; Enterovirus Infections ; Humans

Objective To investigate whether cell lines expressing apolipoprotein E-enhanced green fluorescence protein (apoE-EGFP) can support assembly of infectious hepatitis C virus particles. Methods apoE stably down-regulated Huh7. 5. 1 cell lines (sh-apoE cell lines) were established by shRNA gene silencing technique, and cell lines expressing apoE-EGFP fusion protein (apoE-EGFP cell lines) were established. The culture supernatants of wild-type Huh7. 5. 1 cells, control cells (sh-NT cells), sh-spoE cells and apoE-EGFP cells transfected with HCV RNA were collected and the HCV titer of supernatants was determined by TCID50. The interaction of apoE with HCV structure protein E2 was examined by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy, and the expression of apoE-EGFP on the surface of HCV particles purified by FLAG-specific affinity gll was analyzed by Western blotting analysis. Results The apoE-EGFP fusion protein was highly expressed in sh-apoE cell lines. The infectivity of HCV from apoE-EGFP cell culture supernatant was not significantly different with those of HCV from Huh7. 5. 1 and sh-NT cells. apoE-EGFP infused protein had fluorescent co-location with HCV structural protein E2, and was detected on the surface of HCV particles purified by FLAG-specific affinity gll. Conclusion The apoE-EGFP fusion protein is an important component of HCV particles and apoE-EGFP cell lines can support the assembly of HCV particles.

Laser techniques are widely applied in medical research and military affairs. The characters of laser make it the best way to evoke pain.Pain induced by laser stimuli is influenced by laser parameters such as wavelength, pulse duration and stimulus area in addition to the properties of skin such as the distance from the brain, type and color of skin. In this review,both laser evoked pain and factors influencing it are discussed.

Objective To investigate the incidence rate, high risk factors and hemodynamic changes of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants, and to give suggestions abo ut clinical monitoring and management of PDA in premature infants. Methods Echocardiography was performed on 86 non-ventilated or weaned from ventilator-pr emature infants at 2 to 5 days of age,whose gestational age was 28 to 36 weeks. All premature infants diagnosed as PDA were followed up clinically and by Echoc ardiography until discharged. Results Twenty-two infants diagnosed as PDA at mean 3 days of age, mean gestational age was (33.l?2.0) weeks. Ductus in 16 infants (out of 20 infants) closed spontaneo usly when repeated echocardiography at mean 8.5 days of age. For 4 remaining PDA infants, ductus closed in 2 cases (l treated with indomethacin). One ductus reo pened because of sepsis, and 3 infants discharged with opened ductus at their 2l , 40 and 47 days of age respectively. Single and multiple Logistic analysis indi cated that the lower the birth-weight ,the higher the incidence of PDA (?2=2. 8907 P=0.0891); neonatal asphyxia and suffered from severe diseases (neonat al respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis) were high risk factors of PDA (?2= 4.3729 P=0.0365;?2=11.6590 P=0.0006). Premature infants with PDA h ad good heart function,although their LA/AO ratio increased slightly (1.0810?0. 18 vs 1.00?0.07,P= 0.048).Conclusions PDA incidence at 3 days of life in 33 weeks premature infants is 25.6%, 85% PDA disappeares spontaneously during follow-up. Low birth-weight asphyxia, severe diseases and symptomatic PDA are high risk factors of PDA. Ductus can reopen in premature infants. J Appl Clin Pediatr,2005,20(2):129-131

20?10 9/L after 35 days, the ABO blood type changed from O to type A after 57 days. The DNA fingerprint mark of recipes was same as donor's. T 3, T 4 had been followed up for 2 months, AFP for 6 months, subtype of T cell for 7 months till normal level. The patient has been followed up for 11 months and has lived a normal school life.Conclusion Cord blood is a good source of hematopoietic stem cell, and cord blood transplantation could replace the bone marrow transplantation in pediatrics sometimes.