Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer prevalent among women worldwide. Preventive behaviors such as early diagnosis through screening tests play an important role in prevention and control of the disease. This study aimed to determine the effects of educational intervention using a health belief model on breast cancer preventive behaviors. Method: This interventional study was conducted on 130 female employees of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences who were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. A questionnaire, made and validated by the researcher, was completed before and one month after training by the study subjects. Data were analysed using regression analysis, independent sample T-test, chi-square and Pearson’s correlation coefficient using the SPSS software 18. Result: There were significant changes in the training group, following educational intervention in the awareness construct and in some constructs of the model including perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers, as well as in practice compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, perceived barriers remained as the only predictor in the model, such that for every unit increase in this variable, the behavior score increased by 18%. Conclusion: The use of  educational intervention based on Health Belief Model had positive effect on knowledge of breast cancer preventive behaviors among participants.

The intrauterine device (IUD) is the most common method of reversible contraception in women. However, IUD can perforate the uterus and also migrate into pelvic or abdominal organs. A 43-year-old woman with a 5-year history of IUD placement and without specific symptoms, decided to remove her IUD and undergo tubal ligation. Radiological assessment, including a pelvic X-ray and ultrasonography, revealed no copper IUD within the uterus. Retrieval attempts with cystoscopy were unsuccessful. The IUD was found embedded in the fundal part of the bladder wall and was subsequently removed through a laparotomy incision. Although there are cases in the literature that were successfully managed with cystoscopy, in chronic cases, the formation of granulation tissue may preclude retrieval of an IUD using this intervention.

The intrauterine device (IUD) is the most common method of reversible contraception in women. However, IUD can perforate the uterus and also migrate into pelvic or abdominal organs. A 43-year-old woman with a 5-year history of IUD placement and without specific symptoms, decided to remove her IUD and undergo tubal ligation. Radiological assessment, including a pelvic X-ray and ultrasonography, revealed no copper IUD within the uterus. Retrieval attempts with cystoscopy were unsuccessful. The IUD was found embedded in the fundal part of the bladder wall and was subsequently removed through a laparotomy incision. Although there are cases in the literature that were successfully managed with cystoscopy, in chronic cases, the formation of granulation tissue may preclude retrieval of an IUD using this intervention.

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by memory impairment, dementia, and diminished cognitive function. This disease affects more than 20 million people worldwide. Amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are important pathological markers of AD. Multiple studies have indicated a potential association between elevated cholesterol levels and increased risk of AD, suggesting that lowering the cholesterol level could be a viable strategy for AD treatment or prevention. Statins, potent inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis, are widely used in clinical practice to decrease the plasma levels of LDL cholesterol in patients with hyperlipidemia. Statins are known to play a neuroprotective role in limiting Aβ pathology through cholesterol-lowering therapies. In addition to Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, the brains of AD patients exhibit signs of oxidative stress, neuroinflammatory responses, and synaptic disruption.Consequently, compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and/or neuroprotective properties could be beneficial components of AD treatment strategies. In addition to lowering LDL cholesterol, statins have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in various forms, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. These properties of statins are potential mechanisms underlying their beneficial effects in treating neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, this review was conducted to provide an overview of the protective effects of statins against AD.