The involution of female Swiss mouse thymus induced by estradiol (Es_2) were studied by morphological methods.The involuting thymuses of 2-month-old mice increased greatly in weight after ovariectomy. Treated with Es_2, the thymuses of immature mice not only stopped growing, and also involuted apparently. The regeneration of thymuses was impeded in the mice whose thymuses had already involuted induced by hydrocortisone when treated with Es_2. These results proved the obvious inhibiting and involution-inducing effects of Es_2 on thymus. The pattern of the thymus involution induced by Es_2 was different from that by hydrocortisone. Es_2 had no lethal effect on thymocytes either in vivo or in vitro, but it reduced the proliferative rate of thymocytes slowly and caused the thymus involution gradually. Es_2 made no remarkable changes in weight and histology of adrenal glands. Thymus involution induced by Es_2 was also detected in adrenalectomized mice. These results indicated that thymus involution induced by Es_2 was adrenal independent. Accompanying the thymus involution, the number of type Ⅰ thymic epithelial cells decreased, which were considered to produce thymic hormones actively, and the structure of thymic epithelial cells denatured. These morphological degenerative alterations suggest that Es_2 can result in some changes or decline of the hormone secretory activity of thymic epithelial cells, and then the proliferation of thymocytes will reduce and thymus involution will take place.

Eight-year program of clinical medicine is the necessary trend of economic rapid development.Based on the introduction of research on and practice of eight-year medical education in The Third Military Medical University,the article makes a consideration on pre-school medical education,bilingual teaching,dual-tutorial system and the requirement of thesis.In addition,it puts forward some problems needing further study.

Objective To discuss the ultrasonic features of iliac artery blocked and way of collateral circulation,in order to provide the basis for discovering the illness early and treating methods,provide the reference for judging the prognosis of illness.Methods 5 patients with iliac artery blocked and diagnosed by ultrasound were selected,including 4 arteriosclerosis patients and 1 non-arteriosclerosis patient.The ultrasound showed the blood flow in the limb from the beginning to the end and after the establishment of the circulation.But it was difficult to show the way of collateral circulation.Results It was right to get the treatmentconfirmed by DSA.The ultrasound can judge the iliac artery blocked correctly.It can show the situation of the vessel lemon that was blocked and the blood flow in blocked lower segment inside limb clearly.It can check the flow rate and the index of the resistance.It showed low speed(＜30cm/s) and low resistance (＜ 0.65).But it was difficult to show the way of collateral circulation.Conclusion CDFI is the right way to check the stenosis or blocked in iliac artery.It can ascertain the llow rate in the collateral circulation.Then it can judge the ability of compensation.But it is difficult to show the way of collateral circulation.

0.05). Conclusion Intravenous pantoprazole is effective in the management of peptic ulcer bleeding.

Obesity is associated with numerous metabolic abnormalities, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Losing weight is an effective way of improving insulin sensitivity, thus decreasing the risk of obesityassociated diabetes and chronic cardiovascular disease. There is evidence that Liraglutide, as a human glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1 ) analogue, either using alone or combining with other glucose-lowering drugs, has effect on improving glycemic control, protecting β-cell function, and reducing body weight via inhibiting feeding behavior and delaying gastrointestinal motility. Therefore, liraglutide is a new option for treating type 2 diabetes patients.

Objective: To observe the effect of warm needling therapy plus acupuncture on third lumbar vertebra transverse process syndrome.
Methods: Sixty cases of third lumbar vertebra transverseprocess syndrome were randomly divided into a warm needling groupor an acupuncture group, 30 cases in each group. Cases in the acupuncture group were treated by routine points and needle sticking manipulation, while those in the warm needling group were treated by moxibustion plus needling as same as the acupuncture group. Japanese orthopedic association scores (JOA) in the two groups were observed and compared after 2 treatment courses.
Results: After treatment, the JOA score in the warm needling group was higher than that in the acupuncture group (P<0.01); subjective symptom, clinical syndromes, activity of daily living (ADL) in the warm needling group were all higher than those in the acupuncture group (allP<0.05); the score of pain in the warm needling group was significantly lower than that in the acupuncture group (P<0.01); the total effective rate in the warm needling group was 76.7%, versus 70.0% in the acupuncture group, showing a statistically significant difference (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Warm needling therapy is more effective thannormal acupuncture in treating third lumbar vertebra transverseprocess syndrome.

Inherited metabolic disorder is a major class of clinical diseases with complexity and dififculty of being di-agnosed. Current clinical diagnosis has to rely on the metabolite analysis, gene analysis and enzyme activity (protein function) analysis of these three techniques. We analyse the features of the three diagnostic methods and clinical application of analysis, comparison and induction, to provide some experience and reference that help clinicians to better use of these three techniques. These three ways should be organically combined to form a diagnostic platform for inherited metabolic disorders.

Effects of anisodamine on renal microcirculation were compared with that of dopamine. A vasodilation in the preglomerular vessels at concentrations from 10~(-6)--10~(-4)M of both anisodamine and dopamine were measured and the dilatory response of anisodamine in the proximal interlobular artery was higher than that of dopamine. Bath at concentrations of 10~(-3)M, anisodamine caused the vasodilation of all the preglomerular vessels, but dopamine elicited the vasoconstriction of preglomerular vessels except for the afferent arteriole near to the glomerulus. A vasoconstriction of the arterioles which drain the glomeruli was found with topical application of anisodamine from 10~(-6) to 10~(-3) M but dopamine only at 10~(-3) M. After pretreatment with haloperidol the effects on pre-and postglomerular vessels of anisodamine at all concentrations and dopamine at low concentrations were abolished, but at higher concentrations the effect of dopamine was not blocked. The results indicated that a better therapeutic efficacy of anisodamine in clinical use might be dependent upon its vasodilatory response of preglomerular vessels without the biphasic effect of dopamine and also depends on its vasoconstriction of postglomerular vesseles.

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 plays a role in the regulation of T cells, B cells, macrophages,dendritic cells,and keratinocytes. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is linked to many autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis,juvenile diabetes, Crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis. It may have potential as a treatment for autoimmune diseases, however, additional research will focus on better quantify dosage and course of treatment.