Objective: To study the relationship between monocyte/macrophage(MC/MP) accumulation and tubulointerstitial fibrosis.Methods: The renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis model in Wistar rats was established by unilateral renal vein ligature. The rats were fed for 25 days. The kidneys were obtained every 5 days by killing the rats. The morphological changes of tubulointerstitial fibrosis were observed by light microscopy with HE,PAS, PASM and Masson staining. Immunohistochemistry and double immunohistochemistry were used to observe MC/MP accumulation and proliferation. In situ hybridization and immunochemistry were used to observe MCP 1 and M CSF expression in experimental renal tissue. The MCP 1 protein expression was inspected by Western blot. All the data were analyzed statistically.Results: The pathological changes of tubulointerstitial fibrosis were typical. There were many MC/MPs accumul sated in the interstitial space at the early stage and some of them were PCNA positive. At the late stage both accumulation and proliferation of MC/MPs were decreased. The portion of monocyte proliferation was high correlated with the MC/MP accumulation. In situ hybridization showed the positive signals of MCP 1 and M CSF were mainly located in the cytoplasm of degenerated tubular epithelium and they were strong at the early stage, weak at the late stage. MCP 1 by immunochemistry and Western blot were consistent with in situ hybridization. The MC/MP accumulation was high correlated with the expression of MCP 1 and tubular epithelium degeneration. The portion of monocyte proliferation was high correlated with the expression of M CSF.Conclusion:There was obvious accumulation of MC/MP at the early stage of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The accumulation came from infiltration and proliferation which were regulated by degenerated tubular epithelial cells producing MCP 1 and M CSF. MC/MP accumulation was highly correlated with tubular degeneration. MC/MP promoted tubulointerstitial fibrosis and damaged tubular epithelium by secreting a variety of cytokines.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare nystatin buccal adhesive tablets and to study their properties of bioadhesion.METHODS:Nystatin buccal adhesive tablets of different formula matching ratio were prepared with carbomer(CP)and hy?droxy-propyl methyl cellulose(HPMC)as adhesive material and slow-release framework,and the adhesive power,duration of adhesion,swelling percentage and surface pH data of which were determined.RESULTS:There were great differences regarding bioadhesive properties among the adhesive tablets that of different formula matching ratio,the adhesive tablets that prepared in a formula matching ratio of1:1between CP to HPMC were of the best adhesiveness outcome.CONCLUSIONS:The buccal adhesive tablets were prepared successfully,and which can be used for the further study both in vivo and in vitro.

Objective　To study the function of urine flu orine (UF) and hair fluorine (HF) in controlling of fluorosis.Methods　Villages that have approximately the same level of fluorine(F) in drinking water were chosen.UF and HF were measured in the villages.Results　The level of F in drinking water was highlyrel ated with UF but not with HF.UF and HF was not related.Statistical significantd ifferences of UF and HF were found between endemic and non-endemic,light and mid-severe areas.Conclusions　Both UF and HF can be used to determine end emic areas,especially in high Fenvironment.

Objective To evaluate the cognitive impairment and the related factors in patients after first lacunar infarct （LI）. Methods96 patients with LI and 40 controls were assessed with mini-mental state examination（MMSE）, digit span test （DST）, verbal fluency test （VFT）and clock drawing test （CDT）. ResultsThe scores of MMSE, DST, VFT and CDT were significantly lower in LI group than in control group (P＜0.05). Cognitive impairment occurred in 37 (38.5%) patients with LI after first stroke. The scores of MMSE, DST, VFT and CDT were lower in the patients with multiple infarcts than with single infarct (P＜0.05), and lower in patients with infarcts affecting the frontal lobe, thalamus and basal ganglia than affecting other area (P＜0.05). The scores of MMSE were lower in the patients with prior vascular risk factors than without risk factors (P＜0.05). ConclusionLacunar infarction usually leads to cognitive impairment. Cognitive function is associated with multiple infarcts, lesions affecting the frontal lobe, thalamus and basal ganglia and those with prior vascular risk factors.

Batch fermentation of lycopene by recombinant E. c ol i ZYL-2 at various temperatures ranging between 23℃～37℃ were studied in 7L fermentor. At 33℃, cell specific growth rate in earlier stage of culture was higher, and the time obtained maximum cell dry weight was shorter at other tempe rature. while after 9 h, lycopene specific production rate was higher at 28℃. Based on these results, a two-stage temperature control strategy was developed in which 33℃ was used for fermentation for the first 9 h and the temperaturew as switched to 28℃ after 9h. Using this temperature-shift strategy, the maxim al lycopene content and productivity reached 605.25?g L-1 and 28.82?g L-1h-1. The lycopene fermentation level obtained by the strategy was higher than those in single temperature-control experiments.

BACKGROUND: Abnormal neuronal discharge arose from the activation of cell membrane ion channels and transmembrane ion transport. The electric activity of the cells is associated with cell metabolism fundamentally through adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium(KATP) channels.Currently the involvement of KATP channels in the pathogenesis of epilepsy and the regulation of KATP channels by coriaria lacton (EL) remain unknown.OBJETCIVE: To investigate the changes of cell membrane KATP channels in rat hippocampal neurons in response to CL as an epilepsy-inducing agent, and explore the role of KATP channels in the pathogenesis of epilepsy.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment.SETTING: Department of Neurology, West China Hospital Affiliated to Sichuan University, and Teaching and Research Section of Physiology,West China College of Preclinical Medicine and Forensic Medicine of Sichuan University.MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out at Luzhou Medical College between May and December 2000. Hippocampus pyramidal neurons were obtained from neonatal Wistar rats and randomized into normal control group, tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) group, DNP group, CL group, and electric conductance and dynamics group.METHODS: The hippocampus of newborn Wistar rats was separated under aseptic condition and cultured for 24 hours prior to treatment with 10 μmol/L cytarabine for selective cell culture for 7-10 days. The cells in good growth exhibiting typical morphology of pyramidal neurons were then selected for patch-clamp experiment. The cells in the normal control group were treated with normal saline, which was replaced by 5 mmol/L TEA in TEA group, by 30 μmol/L DNP then 0.5 mol/L ATP in DNP group, and by 1.0 mL/L CL then 1 μmol/L glibenclamide in CL group. In electric conductance and dynamics group, the clamp voltage was firstly adjusted to investigate the channel opening before CL was added to the cells.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Activity and curve of neuronal KATP channels; ② Effects of various clamp voltages on the channels activity and the effects of interventions with DNP, ATP and TEA; ③ Activation of neuronal membrane KATP channels induced by CL and the influence of glibenclamide.RESULTS: The reversal potential of the channels approximated 0 mV in homologous high-potassium solution. The opening of KATP channels increased along with the absolute value of the clamp voltage in a voltage-dependent manner, which was blocked by TEA. The electric current-voltage (Ⅰ-Ⅴ)curve could be fitted to a straight line with the electric conductance of (78.23±12.04) pS. Administration of 30 μmol/L DNP enhances the opening of the channels, which could be suppressed by 0.5 mol/L ATP.Addition of 1.0 mL/L CL to the cells caused obviously increased channel opening, which was suppressed by 1 μmol/L glibenclamide. The channel opening time was (1.754±0.060) ms for epileptic neuron τ01and (1.733±0.046) ms for normal neurons, showing no significant difference between them (n=25, t=0.147, P ＞ 0.05), but compared with the channel opening time of (2.441±0.265) ms for τ02 normal neurons, and duration was significantly prolonged in the epileptic neurons to reach (10.446±0.579)ms (n=25, t=0.000, P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: The opening of KATP channels is responsible for reducing the action potential frequency for neuronal protection, which might be a negative feedback mechanism.

Caveolin 3 ; genetics ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Muscular Diseases ; diagnosis ; genetics ; therapy ; Prognosis

Background and purpose:To improve the quality of life of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer is one of the problems which the oncologists have to be aware of. Gefi tinib has been used to treat advanced non-small cell lung cancer. We studied the effect of gefi tinib in the improvement of quality of life of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Methods:There were 70 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated in our cancer center. One oral gefi tinib tablet(250 mg) was administered every day without interruption unless disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred. The impact of treatment on disease-related symptoms and quality of life(QoL) were evaluated with the Chinese versions of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaires(EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-LC13) . Results:58 patients finished the questionnaires. The mean scores of fi ve functional scales(physical,role,emotional cognitional and social) were 63,56,68,65,61 respectively after eight weeks of treatment,compared to 52,49,64,60,52 respectively before treatment,and the mean score of global QoL after and before treatment were 60 and 53 respectively. There were statistical differences in fi ve functional scales and global QoL(P

Objective To evaluate solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) using quantitative dynamic contrast enhanced functional computed tomography (CT), and to illustrate its clinical efficacy in differential diagnosis between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules.Methods Eighty patients with non-calcified SPNs (diameter, 5-30 mm) were studied with dynamic contrast enhanced CT.Patterns of time-density curve (T-DC) were assessed.The precontrast density, peak height in density (PH: the maximum value of the T-DC), and S/A ratio (the ratio of the PH of SPN over aorta) were recorded.Enhancement patterns of SPNs were also recorded.The perfusion of SPNs was calculated.Results Malignant, benign, and inflammatory nodules showed quite different patterns in T-DC.PH and S/A ratio of the malignant and inflammatory nodules were significantly higher than those of the benign nodules (P

[Objective] To establish a content determination method of Berberine hydrochloride in San Yu Ointment by HPLC.[Methods] RP-HPLC was performed to determine Berberine hydrochloride on a column of Agilent Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C8(4.6?150mm,5?m)at 20℃; Acetonitrile-0.1 % H3PO4 (50∶50)(Adding 0.1 g C12H25NaO4S to every 100 mL)was used as mobile phase,the flow rate was 1.0 mL?min-1.The detection wavelength was at 265 nm.[Results]A good linearity can be found in the range of 39.40 ~394.0 ng,and the regression equation was Y = 4.073?103x+2.248 ? 103 (r=0.9992).The recovery was between 97.9 %~100.9 %,and the average recovery rate was 99.4 %,RSD was 1.5 %.[Conclusion]The method is simple,rapid,accurate and available,which can be used to control the quality of San Yu Ointment.