Our previous research indicated that the Streptomyces pactum Act12 (Act12) had a certain promotional effect on tanshinone accumulation and up-regulated the expression of genes 3-hydroxy-3-methyglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) and 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots. This study focuses on the roles of reactive oxygen species in S. pactum Act12-induced tanshinone production in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots. The 4% Act12, 4% Act12 + CAT and 4% Act12 + SOD were added to S. miltiorrhiza hairy root and subcultured for 21 days, the dry weight, contents of reactive oxygen species, contents of tanshinones and expression of HMGR and DXR were determined at different harvest-time. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots was triggered by 4% Act12 treatment. The relative expressions of genes HMGR and DXR in 4% Act12 treatment were 32.4 and 4.8-fold higher than those in the control. And the total tanshinone in the hairy roots was 10.2 times higher than that of the control. The CAT and SOD could significantly inhibit the ROS accumulation and relative expressions of genes HMGR and DXR in 4% Act12 treatment, which induced the total tanshinone content was decreased by 74.6% comparing with the 4% Act12 treatment. ROS mediated Act12-induced tanshinone production. The Act12 may be via the ROS signal channel to activate the tanshinone biosynthesis pathways. Thereby the tanshinon content in hairy roots was increased.
Aldose-Ketose Isomerases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; biosynthesis ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plant Roots ; enzymology ; genetics ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; enzymology ; genetics ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Secondary Metabolism ; Streptomyces ; physiology

K21. The mean t1/2(?) was (2.7?0.4) h, Vd was about 11.18 L?kg-1.The C-T profile conformed to two compartment open model. The plasma Dau concentration-time curves showed a double-peak phenomenon in all dosages of all dogswhen dauricine was given by intragastric was.The tpeak(1) was (0.8?0.6) ～(1.2?0.5) h,tpeak(2) was (5.2?3.2) ～(6.5?1.9)h,Cmax(2) 0.05) and the AUC was increased in proportion.The drug is eliminated non-linearly when the dosage is above 50 mg?kg-1, the parameters t1/2(el),CL, AUC/X0 shows great difference (P

Aim The relative bioavailability of domestic ibudilast sustained release capsules in healthy volunteers was observed.Methods A single oral dose of 20 mg of imported and domestic ibudilast sustained release capsules and 10 mg of ibudilast raw material was separately given to 12 healthy volunteers in a randomized crossover study. Ibudilast concentration in plasma was determined by HPLC method.Results The Cmax were (54.9?9.7),(60.7?9.1) and (62.2?11.5) ?g?L-1; the tmax were (3.8?0.8),(3.9?0.8) and (1.8?0.3) h;the t1/2(ke) were (1.5?1.4),(12.1?1.0) and (3.5?0.5) h,and the AUC(0～t) were (618.1?57.7),(588.1?66.6) and (233.0?46.4) ?g?h?L-1 in imported capsule group, domestic capsule group and raw material group respectively. The relative bioavailability of domestic sustained release capsules of ibudilast is (95.6?11.0)%. Conclusion The results of statistical analysis demonstrate that the imported and domestic sustained capsules have significant character of significantly sustained release and are bioequivalent.

Fatty Liver ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; PPAR gamma ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length

OBJECTIVETo study the compatibility of composite herbal medicines of the Ling Gui Zhu Gan Decoction.

METHODEthanol extract test solutions of the different combinations were prepared according to the orthogonal layout L16(4(5)). Pharmacologic experiments, such as the time of surviving of mice in shortage of oxygen in regular air pressure, the antagonizing effect on arrhythmia induced by chloroform and diuresis were carried out with the solutions. Variance analysis, canonical correlation and stepwise regression analysis were applied to interrelate the amount of each drug and the pharmacologic data.

RESULTThe results confirmed that Fuling and Guizhi are the basis, while Baizhuand Gancao are the adjuvans, which is conformed to the theory of TCM.

CONCLUSIONThis study provides a significant try for studying the compatibility of composite herbal medicines.

Animals ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; therapeutic use ; Diuretics ; pharmacology ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hypoxia ; drug therapy ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mice ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Extracts ; isolation & purification ; therapeutic use ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Ventricular Fibrillation ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to investigate the expression and significance of P311 and ITGB4BP in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODSTissue microarrays were prepared from 80 NSCLC specimens and examined by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSThe positive rates of P311 and ITGB4BP expression were 77.5% (62/80) and 82.5% (66/80), respectively. The double positive expression rate was 73.8% (59/80). The consistency rate was 87.5%, and there was a significant consistency between P311 and ITGB4BP expressions (Kappa = 0.611, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONThere may be a new signaling pathway P311-ITGB4BP in NSCLC, and it may regulate the lung cancer cell migration.

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factors ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; metabolism ; Oncogene Proteins ; metabolism ; Paraffin Embedding ; Signal Transduction ; Tissue Array Analysis

OBJECTIVEThe traditional gracilis musculocutaneous flap is supplied by a branch of deep femoral artery, which enters the muscle in between the upper and middle third of it. So the flap barely reaches the pelvis and perineum region for reconstruction. By exploring the blood supply pattern we tried to rotate the flap Upon at the higher point starting at the obturator foramen in order to let it cover a bigger area.

METHODSanatomical reviewing of the blood supply of the gracilis branches of obturator, medial femoral circumflex and deep femoral arteries. Based on this a new type of longitudinal gracilis musculocutaneous flap supported only by the obturator artery was designed to reach the pelvis, female genitalia, pubic symphysis, inguinal area easily.

RESULTSThe new kind of flap has been applied to 9 patients for deformity repairing and tissue replacement in the pelvic and perineal area. All the flaps survived and achieved satisfactory result with 3 months to 3 years' follow up.

CONCLUSIONSLongitudinal gracilis musculocutaneous flaps supplied by the obturator artery can be used as regular musculocutaneous flap clinically.

Female ; Femoral Artery ; surgery ; Humans ; Muscle, Skeletal ; blood supply ; transplantation ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply

OBJECTIVETo analyze the surgical treatment result and clinical characteristics of hilar cholangiocarcinoma in order to improve the rate of early diagnosis and radical resection.

METHODSBetween 1986 and 2004,84 hilar cholangiocarcinoma patients underwent surgery, and their data were retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTSAccording to the Bismuth-Corlette staging system, 7 were type I, 18 type II, 22 type II a, 12 type IlI b, 20 type IV and 5 unclassified. 32 patients (38.1%) had had the history of operation for cholelithiasis before or were found to have cholelithiasis simultaneously at the time of diagnosis. The rate of making correct diagnosis by ultrasound, CT and MRCP was 71.4% , 84.0% and 91.4% , respectively. Of these 84 patients, 24 (28.6%) underwent radical resection, 14 (16.7%) palliative resection and 30 (35.7%) only internal or external drainage, while 16 patients was found to have contraindication for any further surgical intervention. The overall operation rate was 81.0% (68/84) with a radical resection rate of 35.3% (24/68). The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates was 70.8%, 50.0% and 20.8% in the radical resection group, and 50.0%, 21.4% and 0 in the palliative resection group, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the survival between two groups. Whereas in the internal or external drainage group, the 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates was 20.0% ,10.0% and 0. All of the patients who did not undergo surgical intervention died within one year.

CONCLUSIONCholelithiasis may play an important role in the pathogenesis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Early diagnosis and radical resection are two important factors to improve the prognosis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Skeletonization of hepatoduodenal ligament with partial liver resection can improve the rate of radical resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bile Duct Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Drainage ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Analysis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the pathogenesis of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in rats.

METHODSSixty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and SAP group, and in the latter group, SAP was induced by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate in the pancreaticobiliary duct. The rats were sacrificed at 1, 3, 6 and 12 h after the operation, and the severity of pancreatitis was assessed according to histological scoring. The serum levels of VEGF were examined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the expression of VEGF in the pancreatic tissues was measured by SP immunohistochemistry. Another 30 SD rats were randomized into the control group, SAP group and SAP+recombinant rat VEGF injection group, and the vascular permeability of the pancreatic microcirculation was determined by Evans Blue leakage test.

RESULTSAt each of the time points for measurement, both the serum VEGF level and scores of pancreatic tissue injury were significantly higher in SAP group than in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the expressions of VEGF in the pancreatic tissues of SAP group were significantly up-regulated following the operation (P<0.05). The vascular permeability of the pancreatic microcirculation significantly increased after the onset of SAP, and injection of recombinant rat VEGF significantly increased the leakage rate of Evans Blue.

CONCLUSIONVEGF may play an important role in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis and in causing edema and hemorrhage in SAP, and the level of serum VEGF may reflect the severity of pancreatic injury.

Acute Disease ; Animals ; Biomarkers ; Capillary Permeability ; physiology ; Male ; Pancreatitis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effects of captopril against lung injury in a rat model of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).

METHODSSeventy-two male SD rats were randomized into sham-operated group (SO group), SAP group and captopril intervention group (CAP group). Serum amylase and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the lung tissue were examined at 1, 6 and 12 h after the operation. TNF-α and AngII in the lung tissue were detected by ELISA, and the histopathological changes of the pancreas and lung were observed microscopically.

RESULTSThe MPO activity , which was similar between SAP group and CAP group at 1 h, were significantly lowered in CAP group at 6 and 12 h (P<0.05). Serum amylase level and the levels of TNF-α and AngII in the lung tissue homogenate were all reduced significantly in CAP group as compared to those in SAP group (P<0.01). The pathological injury of the lung was obviously lessened in CAP group in comparison with that in SAP group.

CONCLUSIONCaptopril can ameliorate SAP-induced lung injury in rats.

Amylases ; blood ; Angiotensin II ; metabolism ; Animals ; Captopril ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Disease Models, Animal ; Lung ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lung Injury ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Male ; Pancreatitis ; complications ; drug therapy ; Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism