Child ; Cleidocranial Dysplasia ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Radiography

Aim To establish an animal model of uterine leiomyoma for pathogenesis research and drug screen analysis.Methods Guinea pigs were treated with estradiol benzoate 100 ?g?d~(-1),twice a week,by intramuscular injection for 12 weeks.After the animal were killed,the uteri were dissected out and ultrathin sections were obtained.Compare to that of human being,pathohistologic characteristics were observed under the microscope.Results The uteri treated with estrogen were proliferated and deformated.Uterine nodules were observed in many of the tested animals.According to the results of pathohistology,these cells demonstrate the features of smooth muscle-like cells.Conclusion The uterine leiomyoma induced by estrodiol in guinea pig is similar to that of human being.It has been suggested that the animal model is valuable for pathogenesis research and drug screen analysis,although it still needs more evidence to be demonstrated.

Clinical studies have shown that trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy can significantly improve survival in treatment of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer as well as in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for HER2-positive early breast cancer. In patients with HER2-positive and hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer, adding trastuzumab to endocrine therapy improves treatment efficacy. Resistance to trastuzumab may be reversed by incorporating other targeted therapeutic drugs. Patients can still benefit from continuing trastuzumab after their disease progresses.

Adult ; Ear Canal ; pathology ; Ear Neoplasms ; Female ; Humans ; Neurofibromatoses

To date, killing cancer cells by cytotoxic drugs is still the mainstay of treatment for different types of cancer. Tumor cells can not be specifically identified by cytotoxic drugs, which may also kill other normal cells. The number of cells in immune system, including lymphocytes and granulocytes, may decrease after chemotherapy with cytotoxic drugs. Therefore, it has been generally recognized for many years that the chemotherapeutic drugs will suppress immune system. However, recent studies have demonstrated that some chemotherapeutic drugs can suppress tumor growth by promoting antitumor immune responses instead of suppressing these responses through modulating the anti-tumor immune responses by changing the immunogenicity of tumor cells, enhancing the immunocompetence of immune-related cells such as dendritic cells, and decreasing the number of immunosuppressive cells. These findings may change the recognization of the role for conventional chemotherapy in anti-tumor treatment, and it will be helpful to optimize the chemotherapy strategies more reasonably. Copyright© 2011 by TUMOR.

Müller cells, as the special radial glial cells in the retina, span the entire retina, contact with neurons, microvessels and processes in the retina and play a significant role in protecting retinal structure and function.Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major ocular complication of diabetic patients.In the progression of DR, diabetic macular edema (DME) is the main cause of vision loss.During the occurrence of DME, the morphological and structural changes of Müller cells including severer swelling and vacuolation of cell bodies, increased apoptosis, and abnormal secretion of cytokines, etc.damage the blood-retinal barrier (BRB), increase the permeability of BRB and accelerate the exudation of subretinal fluid.In addition, Müller cells can disrupt the regulation of K + and water transportation, obstruct the fluid absorption in the subretinal space and promote the formation of DME.However, in the early stage of DR, neurotrophic factors secreted by Müller cells can protect the retina by alleviating retinal edema and protecting optic ganglion cells, suggesting that Müller cells can be used as targets for DME treatment.Therefore, new strategies can be provided by fully exploring the role and mechanism of Müller cells in the formation of DME.In this paper, the mechanism of Müller cells in DME and its protective role in the progression of DME were reviewed.

Lymphatic vessels are important for the spread of solid tumors, and recent researches indicated that lymphangiogenic factors(VEGF C and VEGF D)could stimulate lymphangiogenesis in tumors by activating their receptors on the lymphatic endothelial cells, then enhance the incidence of lymph node metastasis. In addition, inhibition of VEGFR 3 signaling could suppress tumor lymphangiogenesis and metastasis to lymph nodes, thus, inhibition of lymphangiogenesis can be expected to be a new method of blocking tumor metastasis.

The incidence of vascular cognitive impairment is increasing year by year.Its medical burden is getting worse, therefore, there is an urgent need to delay and prevent its occurrence and development.Active symptomatic treatment and targeted intervention of vascular risk factors may alleviate the progress of disease to a certain extent.This article reviews the advances in the treatment and prevention of vascular cognitive impairment.

Physiology is an important and basic course in medicine.In order to foster graduates with high quality for human society,teachers should strengthen moral culture education in the process of physiological teaching.

[Objective]To sum up Mr. Zhu Xiankang’s clinical experience in treating children multiple tourette syndrome with nourishing kidney to soothe liver and relieving dizziness to remove sputum. [Method] By expounding the reason and mechanism, treating rules and formula of children multiple tourette syndrome, as wel as analyzing typical clinical cases, it expounds Pro. Zhu Xiankang ’s experience in treating the said disease with his method. [Re-sult] In his view, the disease owes to excessive five sensations, wind sputum accumulated inside, with mechanism of deficient kidney and hyperactivity of liver, wind sputum blocking col aterals, should take nourishing kidney to soothe liver and relieving dizziness to remove sputum as basic method;he applied revised Dingchou Decoction to treat 1 case of multiple tourette syndrome; after 3m, the un-automomous spasm disappeared gradual y, the patient had good appetite and sleep, al symptoms were relieved, and he was cured. [Conclusion] Mr. Zhu Xiankang ’s clinical experience in treating children multiple tourette syndrome has enlightenment to pediatrics clinic.