OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of antibiotics in the inpatients of three second-level hospitals in order to provide reference for rational use of antibiotics. METHODS: By means of retrospective study, the application of antibiotics in three second-level hospitals from Jan. to Jun. in 2008 was analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The ratio of patients using antibiotics was 67.95%. Many inappropriate phenomena still existed in application of antibiotics, such as unclear medication indications, irrational choice of drug, excessive dosage, irrational times of administration, unreasonable drug combinations, etc. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to strengthen the management of antibiotics in order to promote rational use of antibiotics.

Acute leukemia (AL) is an early hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell malignant cloning disease.Minimal residual disease and drug resistance are considered to be the origin of relapse and refractory.Recently,more and more evidences have shown that the interaction between leukemia cells and stromal cells or extracellular matrix in the bone marrow microenvironment can promote their survival,and enhance the resistance to conventional chemotherapy drugs.Integrin is the major molecule mediating the adhesion between leukemia cells and extracellular matrix (cellular and non cellular components),which plays a key role in cell proliferation,survival and other biological processes;however,the mechanism is not fully understood yet.This paper will review molecular mechanisms of the relationship between integrin and AL discovered recently.

Objective To explore the effect and value of sufentanyl combined with different concentrations of ropivacaine in labor analgesia.Methods 120 analgesia childbirth pregnant women were divided into 3 groups(group A 0.5g/L,group B 1.0g/L,group C 2.0g/L)by random number table method,40 cases in each group,they were giv-en sufentanyl combined with different concentrations of ropivacaine in labor analgesia.The labor analgesia effect of three groups of pregnant women was recorded.Results The postpartum 2 h blood loss and total labor time of group A were (147.55 ±25.39)mL and (727.54 ±56.38)min,which of group B were (131.03 ±18.73)mL,(573.53 ± 40.09)min,which of group C were (120.03 ±14.84)mL,(493.82 ±34.51)min,there were statistically significant differences among the three groups(F =3.342 7,7.551 7,all P <0.05).The VAS pain score,oxygen partial pressure and CO2 partial pressure of group A were (3.15 ±1.14)points,(17.11 ±1.43)mmHg,(52.73 ±2.59)mmHg, which of group B were (2.01 ±0.76)points,(18.24 ±2.03)mmHg,(50.01 ±1.68)mmHg,which of group C were (1.51 ±0.35)points,(19.41 ±2.76)mmHg,(47.21 ±1.02)mmHg,there were statistically significant differences among the three groups(F =4.651 4,2.852 5,5.681 4,all P <0.05).The incidence rate of complications in group A was 7.50%,which in group B was 10.00%,which in group C was 15.00%,there was statistically significant difference among the three groups(χ2 =0.4571,P >0.05).Conclusion Using 1.5g/L ropivacaine combined with sufentanyl in labor analgesia is remarkable,high safety,neonatal and maternal prognosis is good,and therefore should be preferred to 1.5g/L ropivacaine combined with sufentanyl in labor analgesia.

Objective To study the role of bcl 2 gene expression in human prostate. Methods The level of bcl 2 gene mRNA expression were investigated by in situ hybridization in 11 cases of fetal prostates, 27 cases of adult (specimens obtained from autopsy)and 60 cases of hyperplastic prostates. Results In fetal prostates, positive signals were detected in all epithelial cells of the prostate buds, while in adult and hyperplastic specimens, positive signals were predominantly concentrated to the basal cell layer of the epithelium, with little involvement of the secretory epithelial cells. The expression in hyperplastic prostates was significantly higher than in normal ones and that of the basal epithelial cells was significantly higher than the secretory ones in both the normal prostates and the hyperplastic ones. Conclusions Bcl 2 gene may play an important role in regulating the apoptosis of the basal cells while if plays a secondary role in the secretory cells of the prostate.

In this study, polyelectrolyte microcapsules have been fabricated by biocompatible ferrosoferric oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) and poly allyamine hydrochloride (PAH) using layer by layer assembly technique. The Fe3O4 NPs were prepared by chemical co-precipitation, and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and infrared spectrum (IR). Quartz cell also was used as a substrate for building multilayer films to evaluate the capability of forming planar film. The result showed that Fe3O4 NPs were selectively deposited on the surface of quartz cell. Microcapsules containing Fe3O4 NPs were fabricated by Fe3O4 NPs and PAH alternately self-assembly on calcium carbonate microparticles firstly, then 0.2 molL(-1) EDTA was used to remove the calcium carbonate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Zetasizer and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were used to characterize the microcapsule's morphology, size and magnetic properties. The result revealed that Fe3O4 NPs and PAH were successfully deposited on the surface of CaCO3 microparticles, the microcapsule manifested superparamagnetism, size and saturation magnetization were 4.9 +/- 1.2 microm and 8.94 emu x g(-1), respectively. As a model drug, Rhodamin B isothiocyanate labeled bovine serum albumin (RBITC-BSA) was encapsulated in microcapsule depended on pH sensitive of the microcapsule film. When pH 5.0, drug add in was 2 mg, the encapsulation efficiency was (86.08 +/- 3.36) % and the drug loading was 8.01 +/- 0.30 mg x m(L-1).

Objective To investigate the role of rheumatoid factor(RF) ,C‐reactive protein(CRP) ,erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis(RA) .Methods 74 RA patients and 90 patients with symptoms similar to RA were recruited in the study randomly .Blood samples were detected for the levels of RF ,CRP ,ESR .The results were compared between two groups .Receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC) was used to access the diagnostic efficiency .Results The levels of RF , CRP ,ESR of RA group were (271 .4 ± 560 .9)IU/mL ,(28 .7 ± 35 .6)mg/L ,(60 .9 ± 40 .1)mm/h ,respectively ,and were higher than those of control group which were (56 .8 ± 189 .3)IU/mL ,(15 .4 ± 24 .7)mg/L ,(45 .1 ± 33 .1)mm/h respectively .ROC analysis re‐vealed that the AUC of RF ,CRP ,ESR and combined detection of the 3 factors were 0 .784 ,0 .666 ,0 .615 ,0 .757 ,respectively with statistical significance(P<0 .05) .Conclusion RF ,CRP ,ESR are useful in the diagnosis of RA ,and RF has the highest diagnostic ef f iciency .

Objective: To establish a continuous flow injection analysis with potassium permanganate for determination of oxygen consumption in water. Methods: The water samples and acid potassium permanganate working solutions were mixed using the continuous flow bubble spacing, and subjected to online heating reaction at 97 ℃. The peak height of the electrical signal of potassium permanganate was measured at the maximum absorption wavelength of 520 nm, and the standard substance, sulfuric acid concentration and potassium permanganate concentration were optimized according to the peak height of the electrical signal. The standard curve was plotted to measure the limit of detection, the limit of quantification, and spiked recovery rate of the method. The CODMn concentration was determined in 40 drinking water samples using acid potassium permanganate titration and continuous flow injection analysis using potassium permanganate, and the determination results of the two methods were compared with paired t-test. Results: Glucose was selected as the standard substance, and the mixture of 17.5% sulfuric acid and 3.2 mmol/L potassium permanganate was selected as the working solution. CODMn had a good linear relationship at concentrations of 0 to 6.00 mg/L, with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 and higher, a detection limit of 0.013 mg/L and a quantitation limit of 0.043 mg/L, respectively. The spiked recovery rates were 90.00% to 105.00% in 40 drinking water samples, with relative standard deviations of 0.12% to 1.36%. The determination results of two permanganate index standard substances were all within the range of standard values. The relative errors of CODMn concentration were 1.55% to 9.26% between the continuous flow injection analysis using potassium permanganate and acid potassium permanganate titration, and there was no significant difference (t=2.023, P=0.185). Conclusion The established continuous flow injection analysis with potassium permanganate is feasible for batch determination of oxygen consumption in water.

Objective To investigate the distribution of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of-251 (rs4073) in cytokine interleukin 8 gene promoter region and +781 (rs2227306) in the first intron in Nantong area population, to explore the correlation between the genotypes of these sites and the risk of suffering hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to analyze the interaction between the genotypes and different exposure factors inducing the occurrence of HCC. Methods By using case-control study and restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) technique, the genotypes of IL-8 gene-251 site and+781 site were classified. Results (1) In individuals with-251 heterozygous mutation genotype AT the risk of developing HCC increased (OR=1.99, 95%CI: 1.01-3.85), and in individuals with +781 mutation genotype CT and TT the risk of developing HCC increased (+781 CT genotype, OR=1.78, 95%CI:1.03-3.1; +781 TT genotype, OR=1.36, 95%CI: 1.01-2.62). (2) In individuals with -251 and +781 AT-CT, TT-CT, AT-CC combined genotypes the risk of developing HCC increased (AT-CT combined genotype, OR=2.10,95%CI:1.52-2.9;TT-CT combined genotype, OR=3.33, 95%CI: 1.01-10.50; AT-CC combined genotype, OR=3.67, 95%CI:2.28-5.90). (3)SNP of-251 had positive interactions with drinking, HBV infection and family history of HCC in the occurrence of HCC, while negative interactions existed between SNP of this site and exposure factors, including age, gender and smoking, in the occurrence of HCC. SNP of +781 had positive interactions with drinking and family history of HCC in the occurrence of HCC, while negative interactions existed between SNP of this site and exposure factors, including age, sex, smoking and HBV infection, in the occurrence of HCC. Conclusion Definite correlation exists between SNP of -251,+781 sites in interleukin 8 gene and the risk of the occurrence of HCC in Nantong area population;and there are interactive effects between SNP of -251, +781 sites in interleukin 8 gene and several exposure factors.

Objective To analyze the expression of serum anti M phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R)antibody in idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN),and to investigate its value in the diagnosis and evaluation of idiopathic membranous ne-phropathy.Methods One hundred and eighteen patients with biopsy-proved glomerular diseases were involved in this study, including 97 cases with IMN,21 cases with IgA nephropathy (IgAN)and 19 healthy people.ELISA was used to detect ser-um anti-PLA2R antibodies.Correlations of anti-PLA2R antibody level with laboratory parameters,including serum albumin, 24-hour urine protein of IMN patients were evaluated.Results The median of anti PLA2R antibody in IMN group,IgAN group and healthy group was 45.2(3.6~705.9)RU/ml,5.9(2.3~10.6)RU/ml and 1.2(0.6~9.3)RU/ml.The levels of serum anti PLA2R antibody in IMN group were higher than those in IgA nephropathy group and healthy control group.The difference was statistically significant (t=-5.027,-3.077;P=0.05).Among 97 cases with IMN,76 cases showed posi-tive anti-PLA2R antibodies (positive rate 78.35%).There was none patient showed positive anti-PLA2R antibody respec-tively in IgAN and healthy people.Furthermore,anti-PLA2R antibody level was negatively correlated with serum albumin (r=-0.453,P=0.000)and positively correlated with CREA,TC,ESR,24 hour urine protein (r=0.233,0.234,0.363, 0.586;P=0.004,0.217,0.021,0.000)in IMN patients.Conclusion Serum anti PLA2R antibody may be used as a IMN specific marker for the diagnosis of IMN,and it has important reference value for evaluating the severity of IMN.

Aim To investigate the protective effect of compound total flavonoids on atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- knockout mice.Methods Seven-week old C57BL/6 mice considered of the normal group (n =1 5 );seven-week old ApoE -/- mice were fed with high-fat diet and were assigned randomly into 5 groups:model group,simvastatin group,the low com-pound flavonoids group,the middle compound fla-vonoids group and the high compound flavonoids group.After 1 6 weeks,mice serum and aortas were harvested.The formation of atherosclerotic plaque was analyzed by HE staining,The serum level of lipids pro-files and superoxide dismutase (SOD )were deter-rnined.The levels of IL-1 βand NF-κB in serum were detected by ELISA assay.Results Area of atheroscle-rotic lesion was significantly less in the compound fla-vones group than in model.The level of TC,TG,LDL-C,IL-1 β,NF-κB in serum of the compound flavonoids group were decreased significantly,while SOD and HDL-C increased significantly compared with the mod-el group,and the difference was significant (P <0.05).Conclusion The compound flavonoids have a good protective effect on early atherosclerosis in mice, which may be due to its alleviating effects on hyperlipi-demia and inflammation and oxidation.