Objective To investigate hand hygiene(HH) status among health care workers(HCWs) in municipal hospitals in Chongqing City, and provide the basis for making effective HH management strategies.Methods In April-June 2016, HH status among 111 HCWs in 24 municipal hospitals of this city were investigated through questionnaire survey, on-site observation, and hand surface sampling.Results All surveyed departments are installed special hand washing facilities, all surveyed HCWs were performed HH through hand-washing by running water.The proportion of HCWs' hand-washing by disinfectant was higher than six-step hand washing (73.87% [n=82] vs 37.84%[n=42], χ2=29.23, P<0.01);the implementation rate of HH before touching patient was higher than that after touching patients (99.10%[n=110] vs 89.19%[n=99], χ2=9.88, P<0.01).During the process of diagnosis and treatment activities, the maximal total number of bacteria on the surface of hand before and after HH were 475 CFU/cm2 and 85 CFU/cm2 respectively, hand surface colony count after HH was higher than before HH(P<0.01).Age, gender, department, and occupation are important factors influencing HH.The total number of bacteria on hand surface of nurses was higher than non-nurse HCWs, the total number of bacteria on hand surface of female, nurses, and HCWs in class I environment were all higher than male, non-nurse HCWs and HCWs in other types of environment, there were significant difference among the groups (all P<0.05).Qualified rates of HH of each group improved after hand washing, the total number of bacterial colony on hands of HCWs all decreased.Conclusion Hand washing facilities and HH efficacy are good in Chongqing municipal hospitals, however,HH compliance needs to be improved among HCWs aged≥35 years,male HCWs, HCWs in class III and IV environmental departments, as well as non-nurse HCWs.

Objective　To investigate the relationship between the composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) and excess heart age (EHA), offering theoretical insights into the nutritional prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods Data for this cross-sectional analysis was derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2020, which included 16 442 participants aged 30 to 74 years without a history of CVD. The heart age was estimated using the Framingham risk score function, and EHA was subsequently calculated. The CDAI was formulated based on intake levels of vitamins A, C, E, zinc, selenium, and carotenoids to represent the overall level of antioxidants. The association between CDAI and EHA was evaluated using multivariate linear regression, multivariate logistic regression, and restricted cubic splines (RCS). Results Multiple regression analysis indicated that CDAI was negatively correlated with both EHA (β=-0.07, 95%CI: -0.14 to -0.01) and high CVD risk (defined as EHA≥10 years) (OR=0.98, 95%CI: 0.96 to 1.00), with RCS analysis suggesting that this relationship is a nonlinear and inverse L-shaped. In the female subgroup, significant negative, nonlinear associations were observed between CDAI and both EHA (β=-0.10, 95%CI: -0.12 to 0.00) and high CVD risk (OR=0.97, 95%CI: 0.94 to 0.99). Conversely, in males, these correlations did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions Our findings suggest that individuals with higher CDAI compliance had a lower risk of CVD, and this negative correlation was gender specific. This discovery offers new theoretical guidance for the nutritional prevention of CVD, underlining the necessity for more comprehensive clinical and foundational research to further explore this association.