Objective To discuss the effectiveness and safety of selective iliac artery embolization in treating severe postpartum hemorrhage.Methods Eighteen cases of postpartum severe hemorrhage were treated by embolizing iliac artery with gelatin and/or steel coil.4-26 months later,5 cases were scanned with 16 layer MD(multi-detector)spiral CT with pelvic artery reconstruction and hormones(E2?P?T?FSH?LH?PRL)examination taken in 8 cases.Results Arteries were re-opened in cases embolized with gelatin.Two possible results may occur in those embolized with steel coil including one with uterus mainly supplied by ovarian arterian assisted by re-opened uterus artery and the other mainly fed by re-opened uterus artery.Hormones of the 8 cases were normal.Two women got re-pregnant after embolization.No serious complication related to embolization was found.Conclusion Iliac arterial embolization is safe and effective for the control of severe postpartum hemorrhage.(J Intervent Radiol,2006,15:218-220)

Objective To evaluate the quality of examination papers of otolaryngology among students of grade 2007 in the first clinical college of Chongqing Medical University.Methods Totally 202 copies of examination papers of otolaryngology from grade 2007 students in our college were taken as research references.SASS 15.0 software was used to statistically analyze total score of every student and score of each question.Mean score,standard deviation,difficulty coefficient and discrimination coefficient of each question were counted and normality test was conducted.Results Scores were in negative skewness distribution,with mean score of 80.9,standard deviation of 10.9,the lowest score of 56.5,the highest score of 98.0,difficulty coefficient of 0.781,and discrimination coefficient of 0.308.Conclusions Examination papers are well designed and discriminated and can objectively reflect students' command of the course.However,distribution of sores is unreasonable and examination paper is relatively easy to complete,indicating the weakness in the teaching process.

Objective　To analyze the influence of multiple variable factors on the occurance rate of pneumothorax associated with transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy of the lung. Methods　Fluoroscopically guided lung biopsies were performed in 46 patients. Variable factors were analyzed including lesion size, location, number of puncture, presence of emphysema and patients position after needle biopsy of the lung. Results　Pneumothorax occurred at 9 (19.6%) of 46 patients and that occurred at 4 (44.4%) of 9 emphysematous patients. Among them 2 necessitated chest drainage tube placement. The pneumothorax occurance rate was 30% (3/10) for lesions of diameter 3cm or less in size. In the dependent group, pneumothorax occurred in 4 of 20 patients (20%). In the nondependent group, pneumothorax occurred in 5 of 26 patients (19.2%). Conclusion　The correlation showed that increasing frequency of pneumothorax with decreasing size of lesions. An increased rate of pneumothorax was correlated with presence of emphysema. Patients with emphysema are more likely to have a symptomatic pneumothorax. No significant differences were found in the incidence of pneumothorax between patients placed with the puncture site dependent after biopsy and those placed with the puncture site nondependent.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of itraconazole injection in treatmeat of invasive fungal infections.Methods The clinical trial was conducted in 16 patients(17 times)with invasive fungal infection from August 2003 to August 2005,including 1 case confirmed,11 cases(12 times)suspected and 4 cases for empiric treatment.They were treated with iv itraconazole injection in a dose of 200 mg twice daily in the first and the second day,from the third day to 14th day they were given iv itraconazole injection in a dose of 200 mg once daily,and then treated with capsule in a dose of 200 mg twice daily for another 28 days.Two cases were treated with iv itraconazole injection in a dose of 200 mg twice daily for 9 days and 14 days;1 case in a dose of 200 mg once daily for 21 days.Results 62 strains were isolated from 16 patients with invasive fungal infection,including 40 strains in urine cultivate,and 21 strains of tropic candida were primacy.In confirmed and suspected patients,the cure rate was 6/13,the effective rate was 11/13 and the eradication rate was 6/13.The incidence of adverse reaction was 3/24.Conclusion Itraconazole injection is effective and safe in treatment of severe invasive fungal infections,especially in severe ill,old patients for long time use.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for severe hypoglycemia in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to provide scientific rationales for the prevention of hypoglycemia in treating diabetes.Methods Clinical data of 49 T2DM patients with severe hypoglycemia (hypoglycemic group) and 98 T2DM patients without hypoglycemia as control group were retrospectively analyzed.Severe hypoglycemia was defined as that patient requiring assistance for intaking carbohydrate to alleviate hypoglycemia and plasma glucose concentration was less than 3.9 mmol/L.Clinical and biochemical indexes were analyzed by the single-factor analysis.Logistic regression model was established by multi factors regression analysis,and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the performance of the logistic regression model.Results The mean serum glucose level was (2.3±0.7) mmol/L during hypoglycemia in hypoglycemia group.The mean age was higher in hypoglycemia group than in control group [(76.2±6,5) years vs.(69.8±11.5) years,P=0.001].The mean glycosylated hemoglobin Alc (HbAlc) level was lower in hypoglycemia group than in control group [(6.4±0.8)％ vs.(9.1± 2.5)％,P＜0.001].Endogenous creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) was lower in hypoglycemia group than in control group [(46.8±21.0) ml/min vs.(74.2 ± 24.5) ml/min,P＜0.001].Logistic regression analysis indicated that female and HbA1c level were the independent risk factors for severe hypoglycemia (OR=11.83,0.91 and 0.18,95％CI:1.82 76.93,0.86-0.97 and 0.08-0.44,respectiely] ; T2DM therapies with insulin and insulin secretagogues increased the risk of hypoglycemia (OR＝12.31 and 5.36,95％CI:1.70-88.88 and 1.08-26.56); however,duration of diabetes,body mass index (BMI),and urinary microalbumin (UMA) had no correlation with severe hypoglycemia (all P＞0.05).The area under the ROC curve was 96.5％ by the logistic regression model.Conclusions Gender,Ccr,HbA1c,insulin and insulin secretagogues are the main risk factors for severe hypoglycemia in T2DM patients.Preventive interventions of hypoglycemia should be taken earlier for the patients with the high risk factors.

Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) represents the malignant tumor of urinary bladder which is limited to mucosa and submucosal.NMIBC has high recurrence,and can progress to muscle invasive bladder cancer.Adjuvant intracavitary perfusion is beneficial for patients after surgery.There are many drugs for intravesical instillation in clinic.However,the new bladder perfusion drug which is safer and more effective,is always a research hotspot.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between C-erbB-2 and angiogenesis of breast cancer and its clinical significance.METHODS: The expression of C-erbB-2,VEGF(vascular endothelial growth factor) and MVD(microvessel density) in breast cancer tissues were detected by two-step immunohistochemical method.RESULTS: For the 50 breast cancer specimens,the positive rate was 44 %(22/50) for C-erbB-2 vs.64%(32/50) for VEGF,and the MVD value was 25.96?11.59.The positive expression rates of C-erbB-2 and VEGF and MVD value in patients with lymph node metastasis of breast cancer were all higher than in those without lymph node metastasis of breast cancer(P0.05).C-erbB-2 expression was positively correlated with VEGF expression(P

Objective To evaluate the killing effect and the uptake of 125I-UdR on human lymphoma Raji and Daudi cell lines. Methods The amount of 125I-UdR in the cells and cell nuclei were determined after incubation of different time in RPMI 1640 culturing medium containing different concentrations of 125I-UdR. The killing effects of 125I-UdR on Raji and Daudi cell lines were estimated through MTT assay and cell cycle was analyzed by propidium iodide (PI) staining. Results The amounts of 125I-UdR in Raji and Dandi cells and cell nuclei were much higher than that of Na125I(P < 0.05). The amounts of 125l-UdR in Raji and Daudi cells were 14414±95 and (6916± 53.69) Bq/106 cell when the concentration was 100 kBq/ml. The amounts of Na125I were 68± 3.8 and (324±32.8) Bq/106 cell. The uptake of 125I-UdR in Raji and Daudi cells and cell nuclei increased with the 125I-UdR concentration and incubated time. The cell surviving fractions of 125I-UdR groups was much lower than that of Na125I groups (P < 0.05). When the concentration was 500 kBq/ml and incubated time was 48 hours, the Raji and Dandi cell surviving fractions of125I-UdR groups were (19.78 ± 1.39)% and (43.17 ± 2.69) % ;those of Na125I groups were (79.10 ± 1.79) % and (80.36 ± 6.12) %. The surviving fractions of 125I-UdR groups reduced with the 125I-UdR concentration. Conclusions 125I-UdR can be specially ingested by Raji and Daudi cells and incorporated into DNA, then the cells will be killed. The uptake of 125I-UdR is dose and time dependent.

BACKGROUND:Neural stem cel s with self-proliferation and differentiation potential are the ideal seed cel s for central nervous tissue engineering. Although col agen and silk fibroin as biological scaffold materials have been widely used, both of them used alone have certain shortcomings. Is it possible to combine the two materials to build a novel neural tissue-engineered scaffold? What is the effect of this novel scaffold on the growth and differentiation of neural stem cel s? OBJECTIVE:To observe the growth and differentiation of neural stem cel s seeded onto the novel composite scaffold. METHODS:The rat embryonic neural stem cells were inoculated onto new composite scaffolds, and then, their growth and differentiation were observed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Neural stem cells were cultured in conventional suspension culture as control group. Cell counting kit-8 assay was used to detect viability of neural stem cells in the two groups. Three-dimensional composite scaffolds carrying neural stem cells were slic ed into paraffin sections to observe the growth and differentiation of neural stem cells by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Neural stem cel s cultured on the new composite scaffold grew and differentiated wel , and interconnected synapses were observed. Cel counting kit-8 assay showed that neural stem cel s on the scaffold grew wel , and the cel viability was significantly higher in the composite scaffold group than that in the control group (P<0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunofluorescence staining of paraffin sections further provided evidence for good growth and differentiation of neural stem cel s on the scaffold. These results indicate that the novel composite scaffold with good biocompatibility benefits the growth and differentiation of neural stem cel s, promising a favorable application prospect.

Objective To investigate the joint effects of selective digestive decontamination (SDD) and glutamine (Gln) on preventing intestinal bacterial translocation of orthotopic piggyback liver transplantation and to observe the incidence of postoperative pneumonia in rabbit. Methods Thirty rabbits received orthotopic piggyback liver transplantation and were randomly divided into three groups (SDD group, SDD+Gln group and control group). Mixed emulsion of tobramycin, polymyxin E and nystatin were given to the rabbits in SDD group. Same dosage of the above components plus Gln were given to the rabbits in SDD+Gln group. Samples of portal vein blood, ileum tissue and lung tissue were obtained in each group at different phases during and after operation, the pathological changes of ileum tissue, the bacterial translocation in blood of portal vein and the incidence of postoperative pneumonia were detected. Results The mixing section area of intestinal blood capillaries in SDD+Gln group was smaller compared with control group (P