Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex underlying genetic structure.Current preclinical trials,however,mainly rely on rodent models to test the effects of non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions on the core and related symptoms of ASD.This paper considers the brain regions that affect social interaction behaviors from the perspective of cognitive neural mechanisms,and reviews behavioral testing experiments,such as the three-chamber social interaction test,visible burrow system,and eco-HAB system.We also summarize effective non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions,such as baclofen,oxytocin,and metformin,in the core and related symptom areas of ASD.This review aims to provide reference directions to promote the development of preclinical trials using rodent models.

OBJECTIVE To establish an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of multiple anesthetics and their metabolites in aquatic products by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with pass-through solid phase extraction purification. METHODS After homogenization, the samples were extracted by 80% acetonitrile aqueous solution, and purified by ProElt PLS-A pass-through solid phase extraction column. The extract was determined by positive ion mode with mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid water and 0.1% formic acid acetonitrile in the separation by programmed gradient. Multiple reaction monitoring mode was used to draw standard curves with the matrix-matched method. RESULTS The calibration curves of the 14 anesthetics showed good linearity in the concentration range of 1-50 µg·L-1 and their metabolites showed good linearity in the concentration range of 10-500 μg·L-1, with the correlation coefficients >0.99. The limits of detection were 0.5 μg·kg-1 in anesthetics and 5 µg·kg-1 in their metabolites. The lower limits of quantification were 1 μg·kg-1 in anesthetics and 10 μg·kg-1 in their metabolites. The recoveries at high, medium and low concentrations ranged from 62.48% to 116.5% with RSDs<10%. CONCLUSION The method is simple and can be used for the accurate detection of anesthetics and their metabolites in aquatic products with high reliabilities.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.