Objective To describe the feasibility of biliary reconstruction methods and to explore the preventing and curing methods for biliary complications. Methods A total of 77 cases of living donor liver transplantation were included in our study for retrospective analysis. The operation types included right lobe contain middle hepatic vein (n=29), right lobe without middle hepatic vein (n=45), left lobe (n=1) and left lateral lobe transplantation (n=1). The biliary reconstruction was performed by duct-to-duct and Roux-en-Y epaticojejunostomy. Results Fifty-four grafts had 1 bile duct and 23 had multiple ones. The duct-to-duct biliary reconstruction was performed for 75 adult cases and T-tube drainage was used in 63 patients. Meanwhile, the conventional Roux-en-Y epaticojejunostomy was utilized for 2 pediatric patients. Total biliary complication incidence was 36.4% (28/77) and the complications included bile leakage (10.4%, 8/77) and biliary stricture (26.0%, 20/77).The rate of biliary complication was remarkably different between single hepatic duct group and multiple group (P<0.05). All the 8 patients suffering from bile leakage were cured by percutaneous bile drainage guided by ultrasound. By percutaneous balloon cholangioplasty and placing stent through the T-tube tract or endoscopic retrograde balloon cholangioplasty, the liver function of biliary stricture cases got better and most cases were cured. Conclusion Protecting the blood supply of bile duct at the cutting surface and harvesting one bile duct stump as much as possible can reduce biliary complication effectively. Radiate intervention treatment such as percutaneous balloon cholangioplasty and endoscope treatment etc. are effective for treatment of biliary complications.

BACKGROUND:There is a lack of study on material properties and parameters of foot finite element models in China. Vernier caliper is a common method for measuring the width and thickness of ligaments and tendons to calculate the cross-sectional area.
OBJECTIVE:To design a new ligament cross-sectional area measuring instrument to improve the measurement accuracy.
METHODS:The cross-sectional area of the five fresh cadaver ankle ligaments was respectively measured using the new instrument and vernier caliper, and then a comparative analysis of the two measurement methods was performend.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The cross-sectional area of anterior talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular ligament, tibionavicular ligament and calcaneotibial ligament was (20.61±7.52), (22.38±11. 49), (33.09±9.91) and (28.20±10.88) mm2, respectively measured by the vernier caliper, and (17.59±4.03), (20.77±7.91), (28.08±8.14) and (30.39±7.98) mm2 by the new ligament cross-sectional area measuring instrument. These results suggest that this new measuring instrument is accurate, reliable and easy to operate, which can be used as a special instrument to measure ligament cross-sectional area, but further studies wil be necessary.

The 5' region of the cell wall protein(CWP) gene containing multiple tandem promoters and the signal peptide-coding sequence was isolated by PCR from Br. brevis 50, and used to construct the shuttle vector pBKE50, which included the replication origin of pUB110 and the erythromycin-resistance gene of pGK12. The alpha-amylase gene of Bacillus subtilis 168 was ligated to pBKE50, producing plasmid pBKE50/alpha-amy. After the resulting plasmid was introduced into Br. brevis 50, soluble and biologically active alpha-amylase was secreted directly into the culture medium. The expression level of alpha-amylase in the recombinant Br. brevis 50 was twice higher than that of the donor strain.
Bacillus ; drug effects ; genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; genetics ; Erythromycin ; pharmacology ; Escherichia coli ; drug effects ; genetics ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; alpha-Amylases ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To explore the application of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of prostatic cancer. Methods Diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequences were performed in 46 patients, including 21 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 9 cases of chronic prostatitis and 16 cases of prostate cancer. DWI were obtained with a b-factor of 800 s/mm2. According to the pathological results obtained by ultrasound guided biopsy, the peripheral zone of prostate was divided into six parts by orientations and they were divided into noncancerous, hyperplasia, prostatitis and cancerous groups. The ADC value of each region was measured and analyzed with one-way ANOVA and ROC analysis. Results Acceptable images for ADC measurement were obtained in all cases.The mean ADC values of prostatic peripheral zone, prostatic central gland, inflammatory area and cancerous area were (2.20±0. 29)×10-3 mm2/s, (1.66±0.14)×10-3 mm2/s, (1.95±0.34)×10-3 mm2/s and ( 1.24 ± 0.32) × 10-3 mm2/s, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in ADC values between the inter-groups (P＜0. 01 ). With ROC cut point setting to 1.49 ×10-3 mm2/s, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for prostate cancer were 86. 8% and 94. 0%, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0. 945±0. 010. Conclusions ADC value might be useful to evaluate prostate cancer. DWI has an important clinical application value in the diagnosis and differentiation of prostate cancer.

Objective: To investigate the expression changes of TNF ? mRNA after brain explosive injury in dogs. Methods: With the brain explosive injury model we had developed, nuclei acid in situ hybridization with an antisense RNA probe and computer image analysis were used to detect the dynamic changes of TNF ? mRNA in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and up brain stem after brain injury. Results: The expression of TNF ? mRNA could be found in several regions of normal dog's brain tissues, and the expression became more obvious and widespread following explosive injury to the brain. In all of the brain regions, the expression changes of cerebral contussive area and hippocampus were more significant. TNF ? mRNA expression increased significantly at 30 min and reached maximum at 1 h after the explosive injury, and then decreased gradually, which was higher than normal's. More expression were detected in the ipsilateral hemisphere than contralateral hemisphere. Conclusion: The expression of TNF ? mRNA in basal condition implicate that TNF ? may play an important role in neural function. It is suggested that TNF ? may play an important role in traumatic brain injury. [

Continued smoking following stroke is associated with adverse outcomes including increased risk of mortality and secondary stroke.The aim of this study was to examine the long-term trends in smoking behaviors and factors associated with smoking relapse among men who survived their first-ever stroke.Data collection for this longitudinal study was conducted at baseline through face-to-face interviews and follow-up was completed every 3 months via telephone,beginning in 2010 and continuing through 2014.Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to identify predictors of smoking relapse behavior.At baseline,372 male patients were recruited into the study.Totally,155 (41.7％) of these patients stopped smoking for stroke,and 61 (39.3％) began smoking again within 57 months after discharge with an increasing trend in the number of cigarettes smoked per day.Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke at places outside of home and work (such as bars,restaurants) (HR,2.34;95％ CI,1.04-5.29,P=0.04),not having a spouse (HR,0.12;95％ CI,0.04-0.36;P=0.0002) and smoking at least 20 cigarettes per day before stroke (HR,2.42;95％ CI,1.14-5.14,P=0.02) were predictors of smoking relapse.It was concluded that environmental tobacco smoke is an important determinant of smoking relapse among men who survive their first stroke.Environmental tobacco smoke should be addressed by smoke-free policies in public places.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect in the treatment of the young patients(≤45 years old) with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)underwent emergent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA) combined with Lipo-PGE_1.Methods 39 patients with AMI(paroxysm within 12 hours),were underwent emergent PTCA(coronary stem performed in some patients),including 18 cases which were treated combined with Lipo-PGE_1 in the mean time.And the clinical efficacy and the results of short-period follow-up were recorded.Results The in- farctive vasculars were re-open in 37 patients(23 cares were routinely placed translunrinal srents),and the successful rate was 94.9 %.Those who also used Lipo-PGE_1 were re-open in 17 patients.The successful rate was 94.4 %,their ST segments on EKG 30 minutes after operations reduced significantly than that of patients who did not use Lipo- PGE_1,their cardial functions were also improved significantly 24 hours after operations and no side effects on blood pressure and heart rate were observed.Conclusion The emergent PTCA combined with Lipo-PGE_1 for acute my- ocardial infarction can protect the cardial function and show a better early therapy effect.

Objective: To study the biocompatibility of CFR/PEEK composite in bone tissue after implanted in lumbar intervertebral space and to evaluate its role in the interbody fusion compared to the allograft bone. Methods: Thirteen beagles were chosen among which 7 were implanted with the disk-like CFR/PEEK composite in the lumbar intervertebral space and the other 6 were implanted with allograft bone. X-ray, QCT and histological examination were employed at 6, 12 and 24 months postoperatively. Results: The X-ray results of fusion segment were in conformity with the QCT's as well as that of histological results. All animals obtained a complete fusion at 24 months. Histological examination revealed that the anterior soft tissue to the implant exhibited a nonspecific foreign body reaction with connective tissue embed the biomaterials. Carbon fragment were seen in the surrounding tissue and some of the debric were phagocytosed by foreign body giant cell. Histological examination of bone and material revealed that new bone grew along the hole of CFR/PEEK implant. Conclusion: CFR/PEEK has an excellent biocompatibility to bone tissue.

Objective To observe the effect ofberberine chloride on microglia activation and expression of peroxisome prolifcrator-activated receptor gamma(PPAR γ)in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods Eighteen adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into normal control,β-amyloid 4o(Aβ40)and Aβ40+berberine chloride groups(n=6).Rat models of AD were established by injection of Aβ40(5 μg)into the bilateral hippocampus,and in Aβ40+berberine chloride group,berberine chloride(50 mg/kg)was given intragastrically once daily for 14 days.Immunohistochemistry,real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to detect the expressions of CD11b and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ(PPAR γ)in the rats.Results The numbers of CD11b positive cells were 74.0±13.4,121.5±19.9 in the Aβ40 and Aβ40+berberine chloride groups,respectively,and the relative copy numbers of CD11b mRNA 4.08±2.43,5.52±1.83,which were significantly increased compared those with normal control group.The numbers of PPARγ positive cells were 42.5+5.6,31.7±8.7,the relative copy numbers of PPARγ mRNA 16.3±13.5,10.8±7.5,and the relative expression of PPARγ protein 0.18±0.08,0.09±0.05,which were significantly decreased compared those with normal control group(93.2±11.3,40.6±17.1,0.31±0.11).Berberine further increased CD11b expression and decreased PPARγ expression in the hippocampus.Conclusion Berberine can increase microglia activation in AD rats by inhibiting the expression of PPARγ.

Objective:To discuss the pathological relationship between P33ING1 and stomach cancer and its clinical significance. Methods: In 71 cases of stomach cancer specimen, twelve cases of gas tric mu cous membrane atypical hyperplasia tissues and 18 cases of normal gastric mucous membrane tissue（as control）,the expression of P33ING1 were detected b y EnVision immunohistochemical method,while the expression of P53 and Bcl -2 in stomach cancer were also detected. Results: P33IN G1 expression in mucous membrane atypical hyperplasia group and control group was positive, the expression in stomach cancer group was extremely low(62.0%，44 /71), significantly different from the other 2 groups(P<0.01).P33ING1 expression in stomach cancer was related to the tumor growth, lymph node meta s tasis and tumor polarization (P<0.01), P53 expression was related to tumor s ize, growth and lymph node metastasis (P<0.01). Bcl-2 expression was relate d to lymph node metatasis and tumor polarization.The expression of P33ING1 was related to that of P53 in stomach cancer(P<0.05),while had no relation with that of Bcl-2.Conclusion:P33ING1 may play an importa nt role in the occurrance and development of stomach cancer.It's very important to detect the expression of P33ING1 and P53 simultaneously.