Enforcing microbiology teaching and helping students gain comprehensive knowledge on microbiology have always been the goal for the teachers concerned,since microbiology plays an important role both in theory and in practical life.In microbiology teaching,how to stim- ulate students' interest is crucial to the teaching aim.This article mainly argues four items such as encouraging students participate in teach- ing,employing multimedia,optimizing contents of the textbook and integrating theory,and practice in that teaching.

Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Lamivudine ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Nucleosides ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Polyethylene Glycols ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use

The antiviral treatment for children with chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection should be started in the immune active phase.Interferon (IFN) is the drug of first choice in most cases,however,the individual treatment and management of adverse effects need to be considered.Currently,Nucleos (t)ide analogues (NAs) can be used as the first choice only for those special children who can't use IFN.Efficacy will be seriously affected once the emergence of viral resistance mutants to NAs.However,there is high risk of relapse after the NAs are discontinued.Compared with the mono therapy,the therapeutic strategy of interferon combined with NAs have obtained better effect and safety in children with chronic HBV infection.

The improving brain circulation is the most important aspect in protecting brain from the ischemic trauma. This frauma on pathophysiology includes the two stages which are related to different treatments. The paper induced some therapeutic progress, such as thrombolytic therapy, the use of anticoagulation agents, antiplatelet drugs, neuroprotectine agents, intracerebral transplantation, antiedama, and reducing intracranieal pressure.

OBJECTIVETo explore the quantitative relationship between the dust mass concentration and fiber number concentration of refractory ceramic fibres.

METHODSA typical refractory ceramic fiber plant was selected as the study site. Fifty-three paired samples of total dust mass concentration and fiber number concentration were collected using the long-time fixed site mode. The total dust mass concentration was measured according to the GBZ/T 192.1-2007 (Measurement of dust in the air of workplace, part 1: Total dust concentration). Membrane filter method/phase-contrast optical microscopy was used to determine the fiber number concentration. Univariate analysis was used to describe the distribution of the two concentrations and their ratio. Spearman rank correlation, as well as linear regression, logarithmic curve, polynomial, power function, and exponential curve model, were used to explore the relationship between the two concentrations. Results The range of the total dust mass concentration (x) was 0.45-13.82 mg/m3. The range of the fiber number concentration (y) was 0.01-1.04 f/ml. The range of the ratio (x/y) was 4-158. All of the three parameters did not follow normal distribution (P<0.000 1). The two concentrations showed a positive correlation (r,=0.705 22, P< 0.000 1). All the coefficients of determination (R2) of linear regression, logarithmic curve, polynomial, power function, and exponential curve model were relatively low. The trinomial curve model had the highest R2 (0.6848) and the fitted equation was y=-0.001, 1x+0.010 4x2+0.101 4x-0.055 1.

CONCLUSIONThere is a positive correlation between the total dust mass concentration and fiber number concentration of refractory ceramic fibers. However, there is no fixed regression relationship between the two concentrations, and neither is a definite coefficient which can be used to convert each other. The two concentrations cannot be replaced by each other.

Objective To investigate the relationship between hyponatremia(HN) and the plasma level of C-type natriueetic peptide(CNP) in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage(HICH).Methods Radioimmunoassay was applied to determine the plasma concentrations of CNP in 36 patients with HICH and the concentrations of serum sodium were measured.Results The mean plasma level of CNP in 6 cases with HN(24.6?3.98 mg/ml ) was significantly increased compared with that in 26 cases without HN(21.1?3.23 mg/ml)( P

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of early intervention of tendon technique combined with physical therapy on patients afterlumbar disc herniation (LDH) surgery in functional recovery. Methods 44 patients after LDH surgery were randomly divided into interventiongroup (n=20) and control group (n=24). They were accessed by Japanese Orthopaedic Association score (JOA score), Oswestry DisabilityIndex (ODI) and electromyogram (EMG) before surgery, 2 weeks and 3 months after surgery. Results The scores of JOA and ODIwere better in intervention group than in the control group (P<0.05) 2 weeks and 3 months after surgery. There was no significant differencebetween 2 groups in latency, amplitude, nerve conduction velocity during the same period (P>0.05). The absolute value added of motornerve conduction velocity 3 months after surgery was higher in the intervention group than in the control group. Conclusion Early interventionof tendon technique combined with physical therapy on patients after LDH surgery has positive effect in functional recovery, and wasuseful in promoting recovery of neurological function.

Objective To investigate the effects of angiotensin Ⅱ on nuclear transcription factor-кB(NF-кB)and interleukin-8(A549 cells),and to explore the underlying mechanisms of ventilator-induced lung injure. MethodA549 cells were maintained in Dulbecco' s modified Eagle's culture medium at 37℃ with 5 ％ CO2 incubator. The cells were randomly (random number) divided into 4 groups (n =24 in each). The group A was control group. The group B,C and D had A549 cells co-incubated with Angiotensin Ⅱ 10-6 mmol/L (final concentration) for 1 h,2 h and 4 h, respectively. The samples of cell culture supematant,total cellular RNA and nuclear proteins were collected or extracted after culture of cells. The II-8 contents in cell culture supernatant were detected with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(FLISA) .The expressions of IL-8 mRNA were measured by reverse ttanscription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The NF-κB activities were assayed with electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The levels of NF-κB p65 subunit were detected with Western blot. The overall differences were compared by using analysis of variance(ANOVA). Differences between two groups were assessed by q tests. ResultsThe levels of IL-8 content in cell culture supematant in groups A, B, C and D were (29.59+8.36) pg/mL,(135.35 + 28.93) pg/mL,(357.12+ 57.21) pg/mL,and (1732.13+ 261.73) pg/mL,respectively(group A vs. group B, P ＜0.01; group B vs group C, P ＜0.01;group C vs. group D, P ＜ 0.01 ) The overall differences between gtoups were statistically significant ( F =58.41,P ＜ 0.05). The expressions of IL-8 mRNA in groups A, B, C and D were (0.13±0.03)Au·nm,(0.49+0.08) Au·mm,(0.71 ±0.10) Au·mm and (0.88±0.11) Au·mm,respectively (group A vs. group B, P ＜0.01; group B vs. group C, P ＜ 0.01; group C vs. group D, P ＜ 0.05. The overall differences between groups were statistically significant (F = 19.08, P ＜ 0.05). The NF-κB activities in groups A, B, C and D were (70.37±6.57) Au·mm,(139.76± 11.72) Au·mm,(198.90± 18.95)Au·mm and (388.73±26.27) Au·mm, respectively (group A vs. group B, P ＜0.01,group B vs. groupC, P ＜0.05; group C vs. group D, P ＜ 0.01 ). The overall differences between groups were statistically significant ( F = 23.15, P ＜ 0.05). The levels of NF-κB p65 subunit in groups A, B＜ C and D were (33.05±6.23) Au·mm, (73.97 ± 5.34) Au·mm,(168.72± 8.40)Au·mm and (254.63 + 12.2) Au·mm, respectively (group A vs. group B, P ＜0.01; group B vs. group C, P ＜0.01; group C vs. group D, P ＜0.01). The overall differences between groups were statistically significant (F = 16.33,P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions The Ang Ⅱ can significantly activate the NF-κB system and up-regulate the expression of IL-8 in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line, which cause neutrophil infiltration and activation. This effect is time-dependent and induces acute lung injure, playing an important role in the underlying mechanisms of ventilator-induced lung injure.

AIM: To explore the expression of cytokeratin 20 (CK-20)target gene in peripheral blood of patients with colorectal cancer. METHODS: Total cellular RNA was extracted from whole blood of cancer patients and control groups, including 10 healthy adults, 17 benign gastrointestinal disease patients, 32 cases of colorectal cancer. The CK-20 gene expression was measured by reverse transcription PCR. RESULTS: 1. CK-20 mRNA was not detected in benign gastrointestinal disease patients and healthy adults. 2. In the colorectal carcinoma group, CK-20 mRNA expression was negative in 2 case of patients at Dukes A. The CK-20 mRNA positive expression can be detected in 4 patients among 15 cases at Dukes B, 6 out of 10 cases at Dukes C, 4 out of 5 cases at Dukes D. 3. The total positive percentage of CK-20 mRNA is 43 8% in 32 colorectal cancer patients; The positive percentage of CK-20 mRNA in patients at Dukes A and B is 23 5% and 6 7% in Dukes C, D patients CONCLUSION: It is a specific, sensitive and no damage method to detect the CK-20 target gene in patients with colorectal cancer. It is helpful for early diagnosis of tumor micrometastasis and for direction of chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND:As one of the main active ingredients in epimedium, icari n plays an important role in bone defect repair. Sustained and effective concentration of icari n in vivo is essential for bone damage repair.
OBJECTIVE:To recommend the research progress of epimedium glycoside for bone repair and to explore the pharmaco-active concentration of icari n.
METHODS:A computer-based online search of CNKI database (http://www.cnki.net/) and PubMed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) from January 2000 to October 2013 was performed for related articles of the effect of icari n for bone defect repair and bone damage repair. The key words were“icari n, concentration, bone”in Chinese and English. After repeated articles were excluded, 76 related articles were screened out and 44 of them met the inclusive criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The icari n-released scaffold materials can induce the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, promote the viability of osteoblasts and inhibit the resorption of osteoclasts, thus repairing bone tissue. It is certain that icari n promotes cellular dif erentiation, however whether it can promote cellular proliferation remains unclear. The pharmaco-active concentration of icari n ranges from10-8 to 10-5 mol/L, but clinical trial has not yet been carried out, and specific drug concentration is uncertain, which needs further exploration.