In the treatment of parenteral nutrition(PN) of preterm infants, parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis(PNAC) is the most common complication. However, the mechanisms of how this complication happens are unknown. This paper summarizes the research reports about PNAC both at home and aboard in recent years and raises various precautions on premature birth avoiding, reasonable feeding, PN projects optimizing and so on.Ursodeoxycholicacid is the first-line drug in the current treatment for PNAC.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic granulomatous disease with unknown causes, and its incidence shows a rising trend in China. So far there is no way for the complete cure of the disease. Conventional drug therapy has many limitations. The appearance of biological agents brings new treatment options for CD and also initiates a debate over "Step-up" versus "Top-down" strategies. Rational nutrition supplement plays an important role in the comprehensive treatment of CD. This paper reviews the efficacy of conventional drugs, new progress in drug therapy, roles and status of nutritional support, and new treatment strategies for CD.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a heterogeneous disease from various resources and biological characters. Currently, about 90 ％ of NHL is relative to chromosomal abnormalities. This review emphasizes chromosomal abnormalities in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, which can not only help understanding NHL genesis,but also is useful for diagnosis on early stage and proper treatment.

Circular RNA (circRNA) is widely found in various species' cells.They have several characteristics including structural stability,high expression and expression in a tissue-specific manner.Recent studies have demonstrated that circRNA is a member of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA).CircRNA regulate the expression of related RNA molecules via binding with target microRNA (miRNA) and play an important role in gene expression and regulation.The finding of circRNAs not only expand our understanding about eucaryon and ceRNA regulation network,but also indicate that circRNA might be a new biological marker for diagnosis and has good application prospects in drug development research,and disease diagnosis and treatment.Because current research on circRNA is still very few,a brief summary about circRNA is presented in this paper for further research.

Objective To evaluate the effect of FOCUS-PDCA program(find,organize,clarify,understand,se-lect,plan,do,check,act )on the prevention and control of catheter-related blood stream infection (CRBSI)in an intensive care unit(ICU).Methods Process of central venous catheterization and nursing care were analyzed by u-sing FOCUS-PDCA program,and the causes for CRBSI were found out ;a continuous quality improvement (CQI) team was established to provide training for ICU nurses,and the process was improved and supervised,virtuous cir-cle was created.Results Incidence of CRBSI decreased from 8.29‰ before FOCUS-PDCA intervention(January-December,2010)to 3.20‰ after FOCUS-PDCA intervention(January 2011 -December 2012),the difference was significant (χ2 =14.6,P <0.001).Conclusion FOCUS-PDCA program is effective for controlling the incidence of CRBSI.

Objective To evaluate effects of two different flap designs (envelope flap and triangular flap) on complica?tions after the mandibular third molar surgery. Methods A randomized, self controlled clinical trial design was selected for 52 patients treated in the outpatient surgery of Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin Medical University. Patients were treated with envelope flap design for lower third molar removal in one side and triangular flap on the other side. VAS scores were used to evaluate postoperative pain. The postoperative swelling was evaluated by patient`subjective index. The degree of the upper and lower incisor distance was used to evaluate trismus. Data of postoperative swelling, pain and trismus were re?corded 1, 2 and 7 days after surgery. Data of postoperative wound dehiscence, bleeding situation and alveolitis were also re?corded and compared between two groups. Results There were no significant differences in postoperative pain after 1, 2 and 7 days between two flap designs (P>0.05). After 1 and 2 days there was more severe facial swelling in triangular flap group than that of envelope flap group (Z=2.005, Z=2.017, P<0.05). There was more limited mouth opening after 1 and 2 days in triangular flap group than that of envelope flap group (t=2.578, t=2.410, P<0.05), but on the seventh day there was no significant difference in the severity of facial swelling and trismus between two groups (P>0.05). There were no signifi?cant differences in postoperative pain, alveolitis, bleeding and wound dehiscence between two groups (P > 0.05). Conclu?sion The envelope flap is more conductive to the early recovery in patients after surgery, but in the long term there is no ob?vious difference between the two flap designs.

BACKGROUND:Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technique is a newborn technology reprogramming human somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells, which can be used in disease modeling, drug screening and cell therapy. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the feasibility and advances of iPSC application in Alzheimer's disease, and conclude the insufficient and future of this technology. METHODS:CNKI and PubMed were searched for relevant articles concerning Alzheimer's disease and iPSCs, and the retrieval results were screened by relativity and repeatability. Finally, 30 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: This review concludes the superiority of iPSC technology in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and in vivo harvest of nerve cells. The use of inducible pluripotent stem cells differentiated from patient's own cells is more practicable, but there are still many problems to solve at this stage, such as high-efficient and stable directional differentiation, safety of induced pluripotent stem cells, the most appropriate donor cells, and ethical disputes.

Objective: To explore the role of clinical pharmacists participating in the treatment of postoperative drug-resistant bacterial infection through cases analysis of postoperative infection consultation performed by clinical pharmacists.Methods: Clinical pharmacists help surgeons make out the anti-infection medication for 3 cases of postoperative drug-resistant bacterial infection according to the related guideline and mastered antibacterial spectrum and pharmacokinetics of antibiotics, as well as performed the pharmaceutical care. Results: The three cases of postoperative infection were all recovered with the help of participation of clinical pharmacists in the antimicrobial treatment.Conclusion: Clinical pharmacists play an indispensable role by providing pharmaceutical care for surgical therapy team.

The paper studies and explores such issues as the concept of teaching in both English and Chinese and the conditions that should be available for bilingual teaching of medicine in 8-year program in universities and some mistakes that should be avoided.Just as the 8-year medical program in medical universities and colleges has been the result of reform and innovation in both system and mentality of medical education in China,bilingual teaching in medicine will also require our new ideas and pioneering spirit.

Inhalation injury seriously threatens the survival and quality of life in burn and trauma patients. So far there is no breakthrough in the treatment of inhalation injury. A significant advance has been witnessed in the experimental study of the use of stem cells in the treatment of lung injury in recent years. In this paper, according to the results of our study in the systemic transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of inhalation injury, the effect of mesenchymal stem cells on anti-inflammatory process and repair of lung tissues in inhalation injury, and its possible mechanisms are reviewed.
Humans ; Lung ; Lung Injury ; blood ; surgery ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Quality of Life ; Smoke Inhalation Injury ; blood ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood