Abstract Zearalenone (ZEN), a nonsteroidal mycotoxin produced by fusarium with estrogen-like effects, and it contaminates various types of cereals and their products to varying degrees. Wheat and rice are the staple foods of Chinese residents, and understanding the contamination status and dietary exposure risk of ZEN in grains and their products is of great significance for maintaining food safety and promoting population health. This article reviewed the publications between 2012 and 2023 on ZEN contamination and dietary exposure assessment in cereals and their products, and found that the dietary exposure risk of ZEN contamination in cereals and their products was low. Continued efforts are needed to strengthen food safety monitoring and regulatory oversight to ensure food safety.

ObjectiveTo discuss the value of interrupted circular suture in hemostasis of placenta previa during cesarean section. Methods We summarized 54 caesarean section patients with placenta previa. Results The hemostasis was succeeded in all of the 9 patients and uterus was retained without postpartum complications. The duration of operation was obviously shorter than that of hysterectomy( P＜0.05). Bleeding and blood transfusion were less than that of hysterectomy, but without statistical difference (P＞0.05). ConclusionInterrupted circular suture is one of the efficient methods in controlling postpartum bleeding during caesarean section with placenta previa.

The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon gene (STING) signal pathway is a classical pathway of STING activation, and in recent years, its role in stimulating innate immunity has gradually attracted wide attention. Besides, cGAS can recognize and combine endogenous or exogenous DNA, then catalyze ATP and GTP to synthesize cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP), subsequently activate STING signal to promote type I interferon and inflammatory factors, finally induce natural and adaptive immunity. Existing studies have indicated that cGAS-STING signal pathway plays an important role in infections, inflammations and tumors, especially in high-grade gliomas with poor clinical treatment efficacy. Here, we briefly summarize the cGAS-STING signal pathway and its mechanism in brain tumors to provide new ideas for exploring therapeutic targets and drugs for brain tumors.

Objective:To explore the role of macrophage polarization on pericyte-to-myofibroblast transition and renal allograft fibrosis after kidney transplantation(KT).Methods:Allograft tissues were harvestedfrom recipients with chronic allograft dysfunction(CGD)and normal kidney tissues.The expression and distribution of M1/M2 macrophages in kidney tissues were detected by routine and immunofluorescent staining; mRNA of CD68, CD206 and iNOS detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR); Murine vascular pericytes subjected to TGF-β1 in vitro and the expressions of α-SMA and PDGFR-β in perivascular cells detected by immunoblotting and cellular fluorescence; The co-culturing models of vascular pericytes and M1/M2 macrophages were constructed.The expressions of α-SMA and PDGFR-β in pericytes were detected by immunoblotting, cellular fluorescence and PCR.Results:A marked infiltration of CD68+ iNOS+ M1 macrophages was present in allograft tissues of recipients with CGD while no obvious infiltration of CD68 + CD206 + was observed.The mRNA levels of CD68, iNOS and CD206 were significantly higher in CGD group than those in control group( P<0.05); In CGD allograft tissues, protein expressions of α-SMA and PDGFR-β spiked markedly( P<0.05)while cells with double staining of α-SMA and PDGFR-β were markedly infiltrated in interstitial area of CGD allograft.TGF-β1 could induce a marked elevation of PMT-related markers in a time-dependent manner( P<0.05); Immunoblotting and cellukar fluorescence indicated that M1 macrophages could promote the elevations of α-SMA and PDGFR-β in pericytes in vitro while M2 macrophages showed no effect on pericyte-to-myofibroblast transition in pericytes. Conclusions:M1 macrophage polarization may promote the formation of renal allograft interstitial fibrosis through promoting PMT.

With the research and summary of the cases, the surgical indications, surgical procedures, and reference values for material selection for the surgical treatment of neonatal complex congenital heart disease are further refined, and the diagnosis and treatment system is further standardized and completed. In order to increase the success rate of surgery, reduce postoperative mortality and postoperative complications, many researchers have proposed improved surgical procedures, some of which have become mature technologies. In addition, in recent years, the surgical age of newborns has gradually advanced and the surgical weight has gradually decreased. In particular, the increasing application of Hybrid therapy has enabled some critically ill, premature, and low birth weight children to survive smoothly to accept surgical correction. This article will review the recent advances in the surgical treatment of neonatal complicated congenital heart disease.

Malignant tumors in the head and neck seriously threaten the physical and mental health of patients. After treatment, they may cause many complications, such as facial deformity, difficulties with chewing, dysphagia and asaphia. Among them, trismus (restricted mouth opening) is one of the most common complications after treatment of malignant oral-maxillofacial tumors. In severe cases, patients may even suffer from trismus and eating difficulties, finally leading to malnutrition and even cachexia. Therefore, it not only affects the quality of life of patients and even endangers their lives but also brings heavy social and economic burdens. How to effectively prevent and treat posttreatment trismus is a clinical problem that is easily ignored by head and neck surgeons and urgently needs to be solved. The results of a literature review showed that trismus may be related to the tumor clinical stage, tumor site, treatment used, radiotherapy site, radiotherapy dose, radiotherapy type, and other factors. The incidence of trismus tends to be significant 6 months after treatment. Without early intervention, the resulting dysfunction may become more severe. Current studies have shown that the prevention and treatment of restricted mouth opening is based on controlling the progress of restricted mouth opening and restoring function. Exercise intervention for trismus can significantly improve the restricted mouth opening of patients with malignant head and neck tumors after treatment.