Objective To investigate the intentions of pension mode of the aged in the unban and rural of Xi' an,and analyze the possible influential factors in old persons' choices of pension modes.Methods The purposive sampling method was used to survey the old persons about their pension intentions by questionnaire,and the collected information underwent statistical analysis.Results Among 317 old persons aged from 60to 91 years old investigated in the study,145 cases were from urban and 172 from rural area.Most old people intended to choose self-pension mode,family pension mode and community pension mode.Only few people chose institution pension mode.Their favorite pension mode was family pension mode,and institution pension mode was the last one to choose for old people.Community pension mode should be developed mostly in their opinion,and self-pension mode must be reduced.Some essential variables had significant influence on their choices of pension models,such as living in urban or rural,occupation,age,marriage,the incomes per month,family support,habitancy and so on.The result of logistic analysis showed that some other variables had no obvious influence on their pension intentions.Conclusions Old people in Xi'an prefer family pension mode mostly.Community pension mode is the one which has a good developing prospect.Social pension mode need to be intensified.

Humans ; Mediastinal Emphysema ; complications ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; Poisoning ; complications ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; complications ; Subcutaneous Emphysema ; complications

s: Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinsk. polysaccharide (CPPC) has various biological activities including hypolipemic effect, hypoglycemic effect, anti-oxidant effect, anti-tumor effect and immunomodulatiry;especially that hypolipemic effect and hypoglycemic effect have become the research hotspots in recent years. This article reviewed extraction, purification, content determination and biological activity of CPPC in the latest decade, with a purpose to provide references for the deep research and industrial development CPPC.

Objective To simultaneously determine the quantify liquiritin, glycyrrhetinic acid and glycyrrhizic acid inXianlong-Jiedu Yin by high performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE).Methods HPCE method was performed on a fused silica capillary coates 75μm×85 cm (effective column length 78.5 cm) using 50 mmol/L borax solution-acetonitrile (95:5), with adjusted pH=8.50 as running buffer, lytical 22 kV, and electrokinetic injection 10 s, detected wave length of 254 nm, and temprature maintaining 25℃.Results The liquiritin, glycyrrhetinic acid and glycyrrhizic acid were completely separated within 30 minutes, showing good linear relationship in the range of 12-120, 15-150, 8-160μg/ml (r>0.999 3). The average recoveries were 100.70%, 98.51%, 98.40% withRSD 2.49%, 2.79%, 0.40%, respectively.Conclusions The HPCE was suitable for the determination of liquiritin, glycyrrhetinic acid and glycyrrhizic acid inXianLong-JieDu Yin, which can be used for the quality control.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficiency and safety of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) on treat-ment of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods The published controlled clinical trials about TZDs on treatment of patients with NAFLD from 1998 to 2008 were identified by searching in the full-text data base,such as Medline, PubMed, Ovid, EMCC, CBM Disc, CNKI, Wanfang, Weipu data and so on, as well as by searching of cross references from original articles and reviews. The enrollment standard was formulated strictly ac-cording to the designs of trials, and Meta analysis was performed by software package of Review Manage 4.2. Further-more, the statistic test, sensitivity and publication bias about the combined statistic data were revealed by referring to forest-graph and funnel-plot. Results All of the 473 patients in 18 controlled clinical trials were enrolled in this study. The weighted mean diffrerence of serum ALT, AST,TC,TG and BMI, HOMA-IR before and after treatment with TZDs 32. 24 (18.98-45.49) (Z=4.77,P<0.05),20.32 (2.30-38.35) (Z=2.21,P<0.05),0.26 (-0.01-0.54)(Z=1.88,P=0.06),0.63 (0.33-0.93) (Z=4.14,P<0.01),and -0.06 (-0.66-0.55) (Z=0.19, P=0.85),2.63 (1.33-3.93) (Z=3.96, P<0.01). In all papers, the improvement of hepatic tissue after treatment with TZDs in patients with NAFLD was observed in only 6 articles, which demonstrated the hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis [WMD (95% CI) 1.59 (1.08-2.10), 1.45 (0.90-2.00), 0.72 (0.12-1.32), Z= 6.08,5.16,2.33,P<0.05],especially the degree of NASH activity index,whose WMD (95% CI) was 4.21 (3.13-5.28) and Z=7.66,P<0.01, were improved significantly in the 104 NASH patients taken this kinds of drugs. There were 7 patients exiting from the all chnical trial, and the main adverse effects in patients accepting treat-ment with TZDs were debility, dizziness, edema of lower extremity, weight gain, indisposition of gastrointestinal tract, elevated liver enzyme and so on, which were similar to the control group. Conclusions The therapeutic effects of TZDs on NAFLD is confirmed. Not only are the serum liver enzyme,TC,TG and HOMA-IR in patients with NAFLD improved, but this new euglycemic agent has no acutely adverse effect in clinical application,which confirms the clin-ical efficiency and safety of TZDs on treatment of patients with NAFLD.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of adiponectin(Adip) and the it's receptor 1, 2( AdipoR1, AdipoR2) in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease ( ALD). Methods Fifty male Wistar rats were acclimatized for 7 days and then 10 rats were randomly assigned to be control. Others were to develop the rats mod-el of ALD by intragastric alcohol of increasing concentration and volume gradually [30% ～ 60%, 5 ～9 g/(kg · d)] , 8, 8, 8 and 9 rats were sacrificed randomly at the end of 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th week, liver samples and liver homogenate (10% ) were collected respectively. The concentration of triglyceride (TG) in the liver homogenate and the level of adiponectin and tumor necrosis alpha (TNFα) in the serum were measured by bi-ochemical chromatometry and ELISA method respectively. The mRNA and protein expression of Adip, AdipoRl and AdipoR2 in the hepatic tissue were performed by reverse transcription polymerase (RT-PCR) and Western blot. Results The model of rats alchoholic liver disease was developed. With the progress of ALD,the level of TG and TNFα in serum increased and the contention of Adip decreased gradually. The expression of Adip and AdipoR2 mRNA and protein decreased and no significant change was found in the AdipoRl. There is a negative correlationbetween the expression of serum Adip and AdipoR2 in hepatic tissue and the level of serum TNF-α and TG in the liver homogenate. ( r =-0. 98 ～-0. 90, P < 0. 01 ). The expression level of Adip protein was positively correlated with the contents of Adip in the serum ( r = 0. 90, P < 0. 01 ). Conclusion There is a close correlation between the decreased expression of Adip and AdipoR2 and adipose degenaration and inflammation in hepatic tissue.

Objective:To optimize the extraction technology for Sanren Tongbian mixture. Methods:The water amount,decoction time and decoction frequency as the evaluation factors,and the content of amygdalin and the paste-forming rate as the evaluation indi-ces,the extraction process of Sanren Tongbian mixture was optimized by L9 (34 ) orthogonal design. Results: The optimal extraction conditions were as follows:adding 8-fold amount of water, decocting twice with 1. 5h for each time. Conclusion: The study provides scientific basis for the research of the extraction technology of Sanren Tongbian mixture, and the further experiments proved that the op-timized process is stable and feasible.

OBJECTIVE:To study antioxidant activities of ethanol extract of Paeonia lactiflora (CREt) and different polar parts in vitro. METHODS:CREt was prepared with 95% ethanol. CREt (extracted by 50% ethanal) was extracted with aether petrolei,acetic ether and n-butyl alcohol to obtain aether petrolei part (CRP part),acetic ether part (CRE part),n-butyl alcohol part(CRB part)and water part(CRW part). The ability of CREt and different polar parts eliminating DPPH·,O2-· and ·OH were investigated (mass concentrations of CREt and different polar parts were respectively 0.75-12,0.5-6,1.25-15 mg/ml in above 3 tests) and compared with ascorbic acid (VC,0.2 mg/ml) group. RESULTS:The maximum elimination rate of CREt to DPPH·, ·OH and O2-· were(97.55±0.25)%,(81.45±0.20)% and(75.28±0.41)%,IC50 were 1.629,1.789 and 5.268 mg/ml;those of CRE part to those radicals were (82.54 ± 0.36)%,(77.74 ± 0.42)% and (72.16 ± 0.73)%,IC50 were 2.481,1.918 and 6.005 mg/ml;that of CRB part to ·OH reached to(62.53±0.83)%,IC50 was 7.232 mg/ml,but to DPPH·、O2-· were less than 45%;those of CRP part and CRW part to those radicals were all lower than 40%. Each part could eliminate 3 radicals in dose-dependent manner,but were all poorer than VC group,with statistical significance (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:The CREt and CRE part show strongest antioxidant activities in vitro,and other parts have weak antioxidant effect.

Objective To Discuss the effect of surgical treatment from enteral and parenteral nutrition that in perioperative period of hepatolithiasis patients who taking hepatectom.Methods Retrospective analysis 55 cases who taking hepatectomy treatment in Fuling Central Hospital of Chongqing City from March 2011 to March 2015,all elective operations.According to the different nutrition support methods in perioperative period,randomly divided into enteral and parenteral group (n =25) and parenteral nutrition group (n =30).Results The postoperative complication rate and recovery time of bowel function in patients with enteral and parenteral nutrition,it was better than parenteral nutrition group (28 ％ vs 40％),[(4.50 ± 0.50) d vs (5.50 ± 1.00) d],the difference had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).Before and after operation in two groups of body mass index [(22.10 ± 1.80) vs (22.30 ± 1.70)],prealbumin impovement [(130.00 ± 45.00) mg/L vs (124.00 ± 55.00) mg/L],albumin impovement [(35.50 ± 2.72) g/L vs (36.50 ± 2.70) g/L],had no statistical significance (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Enteral and parenteral nutrition in perioperative can significantly improve the nutritional status of patients and the effect of surgical treatment.

Objective To explore the correlation between the efficacy of lamivudine (LAM)therapy and changes of T lymphocyte subsets,CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg),and levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10)and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)in the peripheral blood of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).Methods Ninety CHB patients were enrolled in this study.T lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry at baseline and week 52 of LAM therapy.The frequencies of CD4+ CD25+ Treg in the peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry and levels of IL-10 and IFN-γ were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)at baseline,week 12,24,36 and 52.The comparisons of overall means between groups and within groups were done by analysis of variance or Dunnett's test.The comparison of means before and after LAM therapy was done by paired t test.Results In 32 complete-responders of 90 CHB patients,the proportions of CD4+ T lymphocytes,CD8+ T lymphocytes and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were increased significantly after LAM therapy (t=4.055、3.267、2.328,all P＜0.05); the frequencies of CD4+CD25+ Treg at baseline,week 12,24,36 and 52 were (5.40±0.60)%,(4.99±0.59)%,(4.54± 0.72)%,(3.86±0.95)% and (3.44±0.76)%,respectively; the levels of IFN-γ,IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio were increased,while the IL-10 level was decreased after LAM therapy.In 43 partial-responders,the proportion of CD4+T lymphocytes and ratio of CD4+/CD8+ were increased after LAM therapy (t= 3.484,2.018,both P＜0.05); the proportion of CD8+ T lymphocytes was not changed significantly after therapy; the frequencies of CD4+ CD25+ Treg at baseline,week 12,24,36 and 52 were (5.65±0.60)%,(5.23±0.63)%,(4.65±0.98)%,(4.42±0.97)% and (4.32±0.82)%,respectively;IFN-γ level,IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio were increased,while IL-10 level was decreased.In 15 non-responders,the proportion of T lymphocyte subsets,the frequency of CD4+ CD25+ Treg,the levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 were not changed significantly after LAM treatment.Conclusions In CHB patients who have achieved response after LAM therapy,the frequency of CD4+ CD25+ Treg in the peripheral blood is decreased,while ratios of CD4+/CD8+ and IFN-γ/IL-10 in the peripheral blood are increased.