Objective To know the effect of water supply improvement on prevention and control of the endemic arsenism. Methods 35 residents aged 45-65 years (21 male, 14 female) in a high arsenic area were selected for determination of urine arsenic, 21 residents aged 45-65 years (14 male, 7 female) in another high arsenic area for determination of hair arsenic and the residents in the control area were also selected. Results 16 years after the water supply improved (concentration of arsenic

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of minimally invasive methods for non-anastomotic biliary stricture (NABS) after orthotopic liver transplantation.Methods The clinical data of 403 patients who underwent liver transplantation during recent 10 years in Liver Transplantation Center at General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Commanmol were analyzed retrospectively,and 13 patients with NABS were selected.The outcomes of 3 types of NABS patients treated by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) or percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage(PTCD) were compared and the indication for re-transplantation was identified.Results PTCD treatments of 4 patients were proved ineffective.The shortterm curative rate of minimally invasive treatments was 8/13.Five patients eventually required surgical treatments (re-transplantation in 4,Roux-en-Y anastomosis in 1).According to cholangiography results,NABS were divided into 3 types,namely hepatic bile duct strictures (n =4,type Ⅰ),multiple extra-hepatic and intrahepatic biliary strictures (n =7,type Ⅱ),intrahepatic biliary strictures (n =2,type Ⅲ).The success rates of minimally invasive treatment in 3 types of NABS were 3/4,4/7 and 1/2,respectively.Nearly half of type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ patients needed re-transplantation,which was more likely for those patients with hepatic artery stenosis (2/3).Conclusion NABS treated with minimally invasive methods are preferred.Based on the appearance of biliary stricture,type Ⅰ patients had the best prognosis.For those type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ patients who failed minimally invasive treatment,especially combined with hepatic arterial stenosis,surgical treatment should be timely,so as not to lose a chance for re-transplantation.

Objective To study cloning and the primary function of a new gene AsTP2 transactivated by arsenic trioxide. Methods Using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique, the mRNA was isolated from HepG2 cells treated with arsenic trioxide (5?mol/L) and 0.9 percent sodium chloride, respectively, then cDNA was synthesized. SSH method was employed to analyze the differentially expressed DNA sequences between the two groups. From the subtractive cDNA library of genes transactivated by arsenic trioxide, the coding sequence of a new gene was obtained by bioinformatics method, and amplified by the method of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results The novel gene was named as AsTP2, which was logged in the GenBank with the accession number AY744366. AsTP2 of 1119 nucleotides (nt), coding a protein of 372 amino acid residues (aa). Conclusion A new gene has been recognized as the new target transactivated by arsenic trioxide. The results will give a new clue to explore the molecular carcinogenic mechanism of inorganic arsenic.

Objective To study whether arsenic can induce p53 gene mutation in the lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and the skin cancer tissue of the patients with endemic arsenism in Xinjiang. Methods PCR-SSCP silver staining technique was employed to detect the mutation of exon E5-9 of p53 gene. Results Gel electrophoresis imaging demonstrated Exon E6, 7 of p53 gene appeared abnormal strips, strip absence and strip shift. Conclusion Arsenic can induce p53 gene mutation, the mutation sites located on exon E6,7.

Objective In order to understand the differentially expressed genes and explore the effects on mechanism of gene expression induced by arsenic trioxide. Methods The mRNA was isolated from human HepG2 cells treated with arsenic trioxide( 5?mol/L ) and DMSO, respectively, then cDNA was synthesized. After restriction enzyme Rsa Ⅰ digestion, small sizes cDNA were obtained. Then tester cDNA was subdivided into two portions and each was ligated with different cDNA adaptor. After tester cDNA was hybridized with driver cDNA twice and underwent nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) twice, the DNA fragment was subcloned into T/A plasmid vectors to set up the subtractive cDNA library. Amplification of the library was carried out with E. coli strain JM109. The cDNA was sequenced and analyzed in GenBank with Blast search after colony PCR. Results The forward subtracted cDNA library from HepG2 cell line induced by arsenic trioxide was successfully constructed. The sequencing analysis showed that there were eight clones contained ferritin H(L) chain in the library. Conclusion Arsenic trioxide can induce the up expression of ferritin H(L) chain protein in HepG2 cells, indicated that the ferritin H(L) chain may play certain role in the mechanism of anti-arsenical cytotoxicity in liver.

Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of non-anastomotic biliary stricture (NABS) after liver transplantation.Methods The clinical data of 403 patients who underwent liver transplantation in the past 10 years in our department were analyzed retrospectively,compared different methods to find out the most appropriate method in the diagnosis and management of NABS.Results NABS occurred in 13 out of 403 patients (3.2％),almost the same incidence as in patients who received DCD donor livers (4.16％,2/48).The clinical signs of NABS were frequent cholangitis and high TBil,r-GT and AKP (P ＜0.01).All these cases were finally diagnosed by cholangiography and they could be classified into 3 types:hepatic bile duct stricture (4 patients,type Ⅰ),multiple extrahepatic and intrahepatic biliary strictures (7 patients,type Ⅱ),intrahepatic biliary strictures (2 patients,type Ⅲ).NABS were mainly treated by interventional therapy,Roux-en-Y anastomosis and retransplantation in our centre.All type Ⅰ patients were successfully managed with interventional therapy/ERCP and Roux-en-Y anastomosis,but 44.4％ (4/9) of type Ⅱ and Ⅲ patients required retransplantation.The TBIL,r-GT and AKP decreased significantly in 12 patients (P ＜ 0.05) and the total curative rate of NABS was 92.3％ (12/13) with one patient who died after retransplantation.Conclusions Cholangiography was an effective way to diagnose NABS which is common among patients after liver transplantation.Interventional therapy/ERCP,Roux-en-Y anastomosis and retransplantation were our 3 ways to treat this problem.We proceeded from easy to difficult and chose a suitable way to deal with NABS according to the different types of biliary stricture from cholangiography.Type Ⅰ patients had much better prognosis than Type Ⅱ and Ⅲ patients who should receive retransplantation if interventional therapy/ERCP failed.

Objective To carry out further analysis and assessment of the radiation risk from DSA examinations and related factors.Methods All the online radiation dose values and associated parameters of the 107 patients examined were collected for purpose of statistical analyses according to their classification.Results The analyses of DSA examinations indicated:for coronary angiography,DAP was (22 285.5±18 682.7)μGy·m2,ESD was (2 942.1 ±2 557.3) mGy;for head angiography,DAP (25 929.6±8 302.7) μGy·m2,ESD (1 288.8 ±682.3) mGy;for abdominal angiography,DAP (12 129.7 ± 10 646.1) μGy· m2,ESD (730.1 ± 584.7) mGy.Conclusions Among total accumulated radiation dose,the dose arising form coronary angiography is the highest,followed by the head angiography,and the dose from abdominal angiography is the lowest.

Objective To explore the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on balance function of stroke patients in community. Methods 204 stroke patients in community were divided into control group (n=98) and observation group (n=106). The control group accepted routine rehabilitation and the observation group received PNF additionally. Fugl-Meyer Assessment of lower extremities (FMA), Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and static balance locator were used to evaluate the motor and balance function before and 3 months after treatment. Results The scores of FMA and BBS were higher after treatment than before (P<0.05) in both groups, and were higher in observation group than in control group (P<0.05). The length of path (L), covered area (A) and L/A were less in observation than in control group (P<0.05) both in the eye-open and eye-closed modes. Conclusion PNF can improve the lower extremities motor and balance function of stroke patients in community.

Objective: To investigate the benzo[a]pyrene ( B[a]P ) diolepoxide ( BPDE )-DNA adduct levels in offspring rats with intrauterine exposure to B[a]P, and examine the effects of BPDE-DNA adduct levels on pancreatic functional impairment and glucose metabolism in offspring rats. Methods: Forty pregnant rats were randomly divided into the blank control group, standard-dose group, low-dose group, medium-dose group and high-dose group (daily dose of 0, 2, 200, 800, 1 600 μg/kg B[a]P, respectively), of 8 animals in each group. Rats in the B[a]P treatment groups were administered by oral gavage with a mixture of B[a]P and corn oil at a dose of 0.2 mL/100 g body weight since day 1 of pregnancy until 21 days after delivery, while rats in the blank control group were given the same volume of coin oil by oral gavage. The BPDE-DNA adduct levels were measured and the pancreatic development was observed in the offspring rats 2 and 21 days and 12 weeks after birth, and the correlation between pancreas volume index and dose of exposure to B[a]P was examined using Spearman's rank correlation analysis. In addition, glucose metabolism was measured in offspring rats 12 months after birth using glucose tolerance test ( GTT ) and insulin tolerance test ( ITT ). Results: There was no abnormal appearance, death, abortion or preterm birth in pregnant or offspring rats in the five groups, and no significant differences were seen in activity, diet, drinking water or mental status in rats. The greatest level of BPDE-DNA adducts was measured in offspring rats 2 days after birth, with median levels ( interquartile range ) of 1 089.60 ( 586.10 ) to 1 405.49 ( 346.47 ) pg/mL, and no BPDE-DNA adducts were found in offspring rats 12 weeks after birth. The pancreas volume index correlated negatively with the dose of exposure to B[a]P in offspring rats 2 ( rs=-0.620, P=0.001 ) and 21 days after birth ( rs=-0.801, P=0.001 ). Hypoplasia of pancreas with loose tissues was seen in offspring rats 2 days after birth, while well pancreatic development was found in offspring rats 12 weeks after birth, with tight exocrine portion. GTT showed an increase in glucose levels in offspring rats in all five groups following abdominal injection of glucose and declined 30 min post-injection ( F=365.578, P<0.001 ), and ITT showed a tendency towards a decline in glucose levels in offspring rats in all five groups ( F=461.215, P<0.001 ). Conclusions The levels of BPDE-DNA adducts in offspring rats increase with the dose of intrauterine B[a]P exposure, and insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance occur 12 months post-exposure to B[a]P. Intrauterine B[a]P exposure affects pancreatic development in offspring rats and causes abnormal glucose metabolism in adult offspring rats.

Objective: To observe the effects of perinatal exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) on the expression of pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and mitochondrial DNA copy number in offspring mice, and to explore the role of maternal exposure to B[a]P in the pancreatic function damage of offspring mice. Methods: Forty pregnant rats were randomly divided into the control group, the lowest dose group (2 μg/kg), the low dose group (200 μg/kg), medium dose group (800 μg/kg) and high dose group (1 600 μg/kg), with 8 rats in each group. From day 1 of pregnancy, each exposed group was given 0.2 mL/100 g body weight of B[a]P and corn oil mixture by gavage once a day until 3 weeks after delivery, while the control group was given the same dose of corn oil. The pancreatic tissue of three-week-old mice were collected after abdominal anesthesia for insulin immunohistochemical detection. The protein and mRNA expression levels of PDX-1 and TFAM, as well as mitochondrial DNA copy number were detected. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between B[a]P exposure dose and the above indicators. Results: The insulin-positive area ratio and average optical density of insulin in the medium and the high dose groups were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). The insulin-positive area ratio and average optical density of insulin were negatively correlated with the B[a]P dose (rs=-0.862 and -0.858, both P<0.05). The protein expression levels of PDX-1 and TFAM in the high dose group were significantly lower than those in the control group (both P<0.05). The protein expression levels of PDX-1 and TFAM were negatively correlated with the B[a]P dose (rs=-0.756 and -0.799, both P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of PDX-1 and mitochondrial DNA copy number in the medium and high dose groups were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the mRNA expression level of TFAM in the high dose group was significantly lower than that in the control group (all P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of PDX-1, TFAM, and mitochondrial DNA copy number were negatively correlated with the B[a]P dose (rs=-0.722, -0.550 and -0.840, all P<0.05). Conclusion Perinatal exposure to B[a]P can induce the damage of islet β cells in offspring rats, which may be related to the decreased expression of PDX-1 and TFAM and the copy number of mitochondrial DNA.