Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Environmental Monitoring ; methods ; Humans ; Models, Animal ; Models, Biological ; Population Surveillance ; methods

This paper introduced the medical device classification in China and USA. Through the comparison between the two systems, several problems in Chinese classification system were exposed. To the end, some suggestions were proposed referred to the classification system of USA.
China ; Device Approval ; standards ; Equipment and Supplies ; classification ; United States

With the nationwide popularization of neonatal heel blood screening, and the change of screening standards and the improvement of premature infant survival rate, the incidence of congenital hypothyroidism in newborns has been increasing year by year.Some of these children need to take medication for all lifetime to maintain normal thyroid function, this is called persistent congenital hypothyroidism, while others don′t, is called transient congenital hypothyroidism.Causes of transient hypothyroidism include iodine deficiency, maternal thyrotrophin receptor blocker antibodies, maternal antithyroid medication, maternal or neonatal iodine exposure, premature delivery, and neonatal hepatic hemangioma.In this review, the author describes the etiology and management of children with transient hypothyroidism, meanwhile summarize several predictors of transient hypothyroidism.

Endometrial receptivity is the key for embryo implantation. Improving the receptivity of the endometrium so that the endometrium and the embryo tend to synchronize is the key research field of reproductive medicine in recent years. Traditional Chinese Medicine could improve endometrial receptivity from the aspects like morphology, ultrasound, hormone and receptor expression, molecular biology level, and gene level. It plays a unique role in enriching the expression of pinocytosis, improving uterine artery blood flow, and increasing sensitivity of female progesterone receptor, adjusting related factors and gene expression.

Objective:To investigate the effects of Leflunomide and Azathioprine on serum chemokine cx3cl1(fractalkine), cathepsin S and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1)in elderly patients with lupus nephritis.Methods:Sixty elderly patients with lupus nephritis admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to July 2019 were selected as the research objects.Patients were divided into two groups by using a random number table method: the Leflunomide group(treated with Leflunomide plus conventional treatment)and the Azathioprine group(treated with azathioprine plus conventional treatment)(n=30, each group). Serum levels of fractalkine and cathepsin S and urine VCAM-1 level before and 6, 9 and 12 months after treatment were measured in the two groups and statistically analyzed.Results:In both groups, serum fractalkine levels were decreased after versus before treatment( F=123.029 and 99.041 respectively, P=0.000). At 6 months after treatment, serum fractalkine level was lower in the leflunomide group(2.34±0.95)μg/L than in the Azathioprine group(2.97±1.01)μg/L( t=2.489, P=0.016). Serum cathepsin S levels were decreased in both groups after treatment( F=106.733 and 64.928, P=0.000). Serum cathepsin S levels were lower in the Leflunomide group that in the azathioprine group at 6 and 9 months after treatment[(24.31±3.15)μg/L vs.(26.92±4.02)μg/L, (21.72±2.67)μg/L vs.(23.89±2.75)μg/L, t=2.799 and 3.101, P=0.007 and 0.003]. After treatment, urinary VCAM-1 levels were decreased in both two treatment groups( F=907.450 and 858.114, P=0.000). At 6 months after treatment, urine VCAM-1 level was lower in the Leflunomide group than in the Azathioprine group[(74.36±9.17)μg/L Cr vs.(86.91±9.22)μg/L Cr, t=5.286, P=0.000)]. The incidences of adverse reactions were low in the two groups, and the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions:Leflunomide and Azathioprine can effectively reduce serum levels of fractalkine and cathepsin S and urinary VCAM-1 in elderly patients with lupus nephritis, which suggests that Leflunomide and Azathioprine have similar effects in inhibiting inflammatory reaction, cell matrix degradation and remodeling and vascular cell adhesion.But at early stage of therapy, the effect of Leflunomide was better than that of Azathioprine.And two drugs can be selected according to the specific clinical situation.

Endogenous NO and CO have been identified in the recent years as signaling molecules and act as the messengers in the body . Both of them have identical characteristics in the mechanism of production and action. Many evidences indicated that NO and CO play important roles in physiological and pathophysiological processes in the prostate. This review highlights the current ideas on localization and function of them in the prostate. We also discussed the relationship between the gaseous messengers and the prostatic diseases.

Benign familial hematuria,also called thin basement membrane nephropathy,is caused by a heterozygous mutation in the COL4A3 or COL4A4 gene.The prognosis of the patients with benign familial hematuria,who present isolated hematuria without associated with proteinuria and normal renal function,is good in childhood.However,the prognosis of part of the patients with benign familial hematuria,who appear proteinuria,hypertension,chronic renal failure and end-stage kidney disease,is poor in adulthood.Therefore,the patients with benign familial hematuria should be carried on the long-term follow-up,and may be reviewed every 1-2 years for hypertension,proteinuria,and renal impairment.Treatment for benign familial hematuria should include an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor to delay the onset of renal failure.

Objective:To investigate the application of three-dimensional visualization technology in preoperative assessment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Methods:Thirty-eight patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma who underwent surgery from March 2014 to April 2016 were enrolled in the retrospective study. Among the cases, an observational group of 18 patients had preoperative three-dimensional visualization surgical planning, while a control group of 20 patients did not have the visualization surgical plan. The preoperative diagnostic results were analyzed with the actual intraoperative findings. Related surgicall indicators between the two groups were compared. Results:No significant difference in the accuracy rates of longitudinal and vertical infiltration of cholangiocarcinoma between was observed the observational group and control group. While the vascular and ductal branching pattern of all patients are consistent with intraoperative findings, the coincidence rate was higher in the observational group than that in the control group (100%vs. 70%, P<0.05). The estimated liver volumes were also exactly consistent with the actual liver volume (r=0.986, P<0.001). In comparison with the control group, the average intraoperative blood loss and operative time of the observational group were significantly lower. However, the potential curative resection between the two groups exhibited no significant difference. Conclusion:Three-dimensional visualization technology can accurately complete the preoperative evaluation of hilarcholangiocarcinoma.

An ECG Data Processing System is designed to provide online help for cardiac disease diagnosis. Except for the object-oriented programming technology, this processing system adopts advanced techniques in signal processing area such as Wavelet Transform 、Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithm .

Objective To assess whether lysyl oxidase like-2 (LOXL2) has a predictive or prognostic value in pulmonary fibrosis mice,and identify the relationship between LOXL2 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β 1.Methods Male C57BL/6 mice (n=50) were randomly divided into the experimental group (n=40) and controls (n=10).Each mouse in the experimental group was induced by injecting bleomycin into trachea and mice were sacrificed on day 3,7,14 and 28,respectively.The concentrations of LOXL2,TGF-β 1 of the serum and lung homogenates were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.One-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) and nonparametric rank sum test was used for the comparisons between the two groups.Associations between these factors were analyzed by Spearman's test.Results ① The levels of serum and lung homogenates LOXL2 in the experimental group were obviously increased as compared to those in the controls [serum:(56±48) vs (25±23),P＜0.05;lung homogenates:(61±32) vs (22±16),P＜0.05].And in the experimental group,a positive correlation was found between the level of LOXL2 and the radiological index,the pathological score of inflammation and fibrosis.(Serum:r=0.435,0.533,0.335,P＜0.05;lung homogenates:0.675,0.736,0.526,P＜0.05).② The levels of lung homogenates TGF-β 1 in the experimental group were obviously increased as compared to those in the controls [(302±197) vs (64±16),P＜0.05].A positive correlation was found between the level of lung homogenates LOXL2 and the level of lung homogenates TGF-β1 (r=0.520,P＜0.05).Conclusion LOXL2 participates in the pathological process of bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.It predicts pulmonary fibrosis in the preclinical stage and is associated with increased risk for disease progression.The elevated levels of LOXL2 and TGF-β 1 may have some relationship.They both are involved in the disease progression of pulmonary fibrosis.