Objective To assess the protective effect of mastoparan-1(MP-1) on acute lung injury in mouse model with endotoxemia(ETM) induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS),and to investigate the possible mechanism of protcetive effect.Methods The endotoxemia murine model was reproduced by tail vein injection of LPS(5mg/kg) in mice.Animals were randomly divided into normal control group(n=8),endotoxemia group(n=48) and MP-1-treatment group(MP-1 was injected in 3mg/kg at the same time of LPS injection,n=48).Animals of the latter two groups were sacrificed at 2,6,12,24,48 and 72 hours after injection,and then the blood and lung tissue samples were collected.Plasma LPS was assayed using kinetic turbidimetric limulus test,TNF-? and IL-6 were measured by appropriate ELISA kits,TLR4,TNF-? and IL-6 mRNA expressions in lung tissues were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR,myeloperoxidase(MPO) activity of lung tissues was determined by spectrophotometric method,and the pathological changes in lung tissues were observed under microscope.Result The plasma levels of LPS,TNF-? and IL-6 in the mice of endotoxemia group were increased at 2-48 hours after LPS injection(P

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic approach for patients with periampullary carcinoma (complicated) with acute cholangitis. Methods A comparative analysis of the clinical data of cases of (periampullary) carcinoma with acute cholangitis who were admitted and treated in our hospital during a 12-year period.They included 25 cases who underwent primary resection, and 12 cases who underwent a two-stage resection with initial bile duct drainge. Results After conservative procedures, the preoperative temperature and WBC of patients in primary resection group were much lower than when admitted(P0.05). Total bilirubin and albumin levels showed no significant changes. Compared with the two-stage resection group,the primary resection group had shorter preoperative preparation time, shorter operation time, lesser intra-operative blood loss, but higher postoperative infection complication rate and prolonged length of hospital stay(P0.05). Conclusions Patients with periampullary carcinoma complicated with acute cholangitis can initially be treated conservatively . After biliary infection is controlled, primary (pancreatoduodenectomy) is performed.

Objective To investigate the dynamic features of high-density lipoproteins(HDL) in burn patients and the relationship between the changes and infectious complications.Methods One hundred and twenty patients,aged from 18 to 59 years and admitted within 24 hours of with thermal injury,were involved in present study including mild-moderate,severe and extensive burns groups each of 40 cases.Empty stomach blood samples were drawn on admission and at day 1,2,3,5,7,14 and 21 after burn injury.Serum triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoproteins(HDL),low-density lipoproteins(LDL),apolipoprotein A1(apoA1) and apolipoprotein B(apoB) were measured in all patients and compared with those of 40 healthy volunteers(control group).The infectious complications and outcome were monitored.Results In 120 patients,a total of 51 identifiable nosocomial infection episodes occurred in 32 patients.Of 6 dead cases,5 were related to infections.The incidence of infection in mild-moderate,severe and extensive burn groups were 7.5%,20.0% and 52.5%,respectively,with statistically significant difference(P0.05) on admission and day 1;from day 2 to day 21,the concentrations of TC,HDL and apoA1 in infection patients were lower than those in non-infection patients(P

Objective To observe the impact of heart catheterization on blood and organ function,and create an stable animal model.Methods Ten male Wistar rats were divided into control group undergoing sham operation and experimental group undergoing improved heart catheterization(n=5 in each group).Blood samples were obtained every day from 10 rats before and after operation,and white blood cell(WBC),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),creatinine(Cr),creatine phosphokinase(CK) and lipopolysaccharide were detected.The pathomorphology of heart,liver and kidney in catheterized rats was observed on postoperative day 7.Results For the catheterized rats,blood cultures were negative of bacteria and the markers above were within normal range except for CK that recovered to normal value in 7 d,while the control rats had no obvious damage.Conclusion Heart catheterization causes no infection and organ function changes in rats.The animal model of heart catheterization for clinical pharmacological research is reliable.

Objective To study on algicidal bioactive substances from mangrove bacteria and its algicidal effect on red tide algae Alexandriam tamarense.Methods A red algicidal bioactive substance in Guangxi mangrove bacteria was isolated and purified by Silica-gel Column Chromatography,and its structure was determined on the basis of UV,IR,1H NMR,13C NMR and HREIMS spectroscopic analyses and comparison with the literatures.Its algicidal affect was primarily studied in this paper.Results and Conelusion The results showed that the red algicidal bioactive substance was prodigiosin,which had an inhibitory effect on the cells growth of Alexandrium tamarense,and the inhibitory effect increased with the increase of prodigiosin concentration.The prodigiosin stimulated the production of MDA and reduced the content of sulfhydryl group.In addition,plasma membrane permeability of leaked cell solution was increased.These indicated the extinguishing mechanism: the cell membrane was damaged followed by the inhibition of the cell growth.

OBJECTIVE:To isolate anti-endotoxin monomer component from Radix Paeoniae Rubra by means of biosen?sor technique.METHODS:The surface of biosensor cuvette was embedded by Lipid A;the screening target was established,tracking the silica gel column chromatogram and the binding ability of effluent component from HPLC with Lipid A with the ultraviolet scan result of the reclaimed material from biosensor as reference;anti-endotoxin monomer component was isolated;the component of monomer and the synthetic action of extrinsic lipopolysaccharides were also assayed by LAL test method.RESULTS:Components binding to Lipid A was reclaimed from cuvetee by biosensor technique,with the wavelength of UV absorption peak at194nm,215nm and275nm respectively.Anti-endotoxin monomers of higher binding activity with Lipid A isolated by HPLC method were1,2,3,4,6—O—pentagalloyl—?—D—glucose(PGG).PGG at concentration of8,4,2?g/ml respectively neutralized68.8%,43.7%and31.4%of LPS at an activity of0.1EU/ml respectively.CONCLUSION:It is fea?sible to isolate anti-endotoxin monomer component from Radix Paeoniae Rubra by means of biosensor technique,which is a fast,accurate and efficient and can be used to isolate anti-endotoxin monomer component from Radix Paeoniae Rubra on a large scale.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of mastoparan-1 (MP-1) antagonizing lipopolysaecharide (LPS) in vitro. Methods The affinity of MP-1 for lipid A was assayed by biosensor, and the neutralization of MP-1 on LPS (2 μg/L) was detected by kinetic turbidimetric limulus test. After exposing fluorescin isothiecyanate (FITC) labeled LPS (FITC-LPS) to MP-1 at different concentrations (5, 10, 20, 40 μmol/L), the binding of FITC-LPS to murine RAW264.7 cells was analyzed by laser scanning confocal microscopy. The influence of MP-1 on TLR4 expression in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS (100 μg/L) was detected by immunoeytochemieal staining. The expressions of TLR4, TNF-α and IL-6 at the gene and protein level were detected by RT-PCR and ELISA after exposing LPS (100 μg/ L) stimulated RAW264.7 cells to MP-1 at different concentrations. The effect of MP-1 on the viability of RAW264.7 cells was detected by MTT assay. Results MP-1 had high affinity to lipid A and could neutralize LPS. MP-1 at 10 μmol/L significantly inhibited not only binding of FITC-LPS to RAW264.7 (P < 0.05), but also protein and gene expressions of TLR4, TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS stimulated RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). No toxic effect of MP-1 on the viability of RAW264.7 cells was found (P > 0.05). Conclusions MP-1 inhibits cell viability mediated by LPS, which may be related to its neutralization of LPS and inhibition of binding of LPS to RAW264.7 cell membrane receptors.

Objective: To detect the bioavailability of 21 types of perfluorochemicals (PFCs) in rat liver and to examine the effect of protein powder. Methods: Twenty-four rats of the SD strain were randomly divided into the control group, the model group, and the protein powder group. Twenty-one types of PFCs were mixed at an equal concentration of 10 ng/mL, and rats in the model group and the protein powder group were given by oral administration of PFCs mixtures at a daily dose of 5 mL/kg. Rats in the protein powder group were given protein powder by gavage at a dose of 15 mL/kg, while animals in the model and control groups were given deionized water at doses of 15 and 20 mL/kg for 28 successive days. The PFCs contents were quantified in rat liver using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), and the bioavailability was estimated. Results: There were no significant differences in rat body weight or liver/body weight ratio in the control, model and protein powder groups (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the bioavailability of perfluoroalkylated carboxylic acid (PFCA) or sulfonate (PFSA) in the liver of female and male rats between the protein powder group and the model group (P>0.05), and the gross bioavailability of PFCA (t=-22.266, P<0.001) and PFSA (t=-34.312, P<0.001) was significantly higher in the liver of male rats than in that of female rats in the model group, and the bioavailability of PFCA and PFSA increased followed by a reduction in rat livers with the increase of carbon chain length in the model group. In the model group, the highest bioavailability was measured in perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA) and sodium perfluorooctylsulfonate (L-PFOS) in the female rat liver [(36.06±2.93)% and (37.11±1.73)%], and the highest bioavailability was measured in perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and L-PFOS in the female rat liver [(61.02±2.16)% and (87.16±3.29)%]. Conclusions The bioavailability of PFCs correlates with the carbon chain length and animal gender in rat livers, and protein powder poses no clear-cut effects on the bioavailability of 21 types of PFCs in rat livers.

Objective : To develop an analytical method of ibotenic acid (IBA) and muscimol (MUS) in wild mushroom by dansyl chloride (DNSCl) derivatization-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and to provide technical support for etiological identification of mushroom poisoning events. Methods : The sample was extracted with hydrochloric acid solution, derived by bimolecular DNSCl, diluted and inorganic salts precipitated with acetonitrile. The extract was separated by a waters XBridgeTM BEH C18 column and measured by LC-MS/MS. Results : The limits of detection for IBA and MUS in wild mushroom were 0.15 mg/kg and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively. Good linear relationship was obtained for IBA and MUS at the range of 0.5-250 mg/kg with the correlation coefficient of 0.997 and 0.999, respectively. The average recoveries at three spiking levels were 84.5%-102.0% with relative standard deviations (RSDs, n=6) of 4.7%-8.6% for IBA. The average recoveries were 88.6%-95.4% with RSDs (n=6) of 4.9%-7.5% for MUS. Conclusion The optimized sample extraction and bimolecular DNSCl derivatization conditions can achieve rapid and accurate analysis of IBA and MUS in wild mushroom poisoning sample.

Objective: To explore the effects of protein powder on the bioavailability of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in blood and kidneys of rats and renal function change. Methods: Twenty-four rats of the SD strain were randomly divided into the negative control group, PFASs group and protein powder group, with 8 rats (half males and half females) in each group. PFASs included 13 perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and 8 perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs), and the mixture was used as a test subject for intervention. The rats in the negative control group were given deionized water at doses of 20 mL/kg·bw, in the PFASs group were given 5 mL/kg·bw of PFASs mixtures and 15 mL/kg·bw of deionized water, and in the protein powder group were given 5 mL/kg·bw of PFASs mixtures and 15 mL/kg·bw of protein powder (0.258 g/mL). After intervention for 28 successive days, body weight and kidney mass were weighed, and the kidney volume index was calculated. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were detected by an automatic biochemical analyzer. The PFCAs, PFSAs and PFASs contents were quantified in blood and kidney using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry, and the bioavailability was estimated. Results: There was no significant differences in kidney mass, kidney volume index, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen among the negative control group, PFASs group and protein powder group (all P>0.05). The bioavailability of blood PFCAs, PFSAs and PFASs in the protein powder group was not significantly different from the PFASs group (all P>0.05). Compared with the PFASs group, the bioavailability of PFCAs, PFSAs and PFASs were significantly increased in kidneys of male rats in the protein powder group (all P<0.05), while were not significant different in those of female rats (all P>0.05). Conclusion Protein powder at the dose of this study can significantly improve the bioavailability of PFASs in kidneys of male rats, while there no obvious effects on the bioavailability of blood PFASs and renal function.