OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship of oil/water partition coefficient of fluorouracil (5-FU) with its nasal absorption.METHODS: The octanol /water partition coefficient of 5-FU in Octanol-water were determine at different pH condition (4,6,7,8,10).In situ nasal recirculation method was used to estimate nasal absorption constant of 5-FU at different pH condition in rat.Regression analysis of obtained data was carried out.RESULTS: Oil/water partition coefficient and nasal absorption constant of 5-FU were increased as long as the value of pH with a positive correlation between them (r=0.983 8).CONCLUSION: There is a good linear relationship between oil/water partition coefficient and nasal absorption constant.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efifcacy of lamivudine in chronic hepatitis B antiviral therapy. Methods 78 cases with chronic hepatitis B patients from January 2012 to December 2012 collected in People's Hospital of Deqing County were observed and randomly divided into experimental group and control group, 39 cases in each group. Control group were treated with entecavir , and experimental group with lamivudine. The negative rate of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis B virus surface antigen (hepatitis B surface antigen, HBsAg) seroconversion rates and alanine aminotransferase (Alamine aminotransferase, ALT) recovery rate after 6 weeks, 12 weeks , 18 weeks , 24 weeks of the two groups were compared. Results The negative rate of hepatitis B virus, ALT recovery rates in control group after 6 weeks, 12 weeks , 18 weeks, 24 weeks treatment were better than experimental group , the differences were statistically signiifcant(P<0.05). There was no signiifcant differences in the rate of HBsAg seroconversion at week 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 18 weeks, 24 weeks between two groups. Conclusion Lamivudine antiviral ,has acceptable clinical efifcacy in treatment for chronic hepatitis B, and still has a certain gap with entecavir, but it has an appropriate price, which may be more suitable for patients in economic. So choose which medicine in clinical application should be in combination with the practical situation of patients.

Objective To conduct surveys on nursing managers'pre-post training needs in the country.Methods Self-made questionnaires on nursing managers'pre-post training and the managerial skills of nursing managers in the next five years were used to conduct surveys on 1 004 nursing managers in 77 domestic hospitals.Results Among those surveyed,45.8% of the heads of nursing departments and 54.2% of the head nurses had no pre-post training while 94.5% of those surveyed deemed it extremely necessary for nursing managers to receive pre-post training.Conclusion It is essential for nursing managers to get pre-post training,which ought to be conducted at various levels,with different focal points, and according to their needs.Such training should be gradually conducted in a standardized and systematic way.

OBJECTIVE:To Evaluate the characteristics of national essential drugs on the view of pharmaceutics.METHODS:Referring to related literatures,the characteristics of national essential medicines were analyzed and summarized on the basis of pharmaceutics.The national essential drugs list was compared with that of WHO's.RESULTS:In the equipment part of primary healthy care institution national essential drugs list (2009 edition),chemical and biological medicines had 205 species which included 270 formulations,were classified as 21 kinds of dosage forms.Chinese traditional medicines had 102 species which included 188 formulations,were classified as 13 kinds of dosage forms.The ration of the amount of dosage forms to species is 1.49,a little higher than WHO(1.31) now.CONCLUSION:The dosage forms of national essential drugs were abundant and enable to meet the clinical requirement.But should optimize the breed and add in many species of dosage form to satisfy the needs of medicines useage from urban to rural.

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1(TREM)-1,a recently identified molecule,is involved in monocytic activation and inflammatory responses.TREM-1 is a member of natural killer cell receptor family and is expressed on neutrophils,mature monocytes and macrophages,and it can enhance the inflammatory responses mediated by Toll-like receptor-2 and -4,showing a role of inflammation promotion.Reportedly sTREM-1 was detectable in the body fluids in the presence of bacterial or fungal infection; therefore it might be used as a marker for inflammation.In addition,recombinant sTREM-1 may also be a new method for anti-inflammatory therapy.Recently,it has been found that TREM-1 not only promoted the acute inflammatory responses,but also participated in the development of chronic inflammation.This review summarizes the role of TREM-1 in the inflammation-associated dieases.

Objective: To study the preparation technique and release characteristic of 5- fluorouracil-loaded chitosan microspheres for the intranasal administration. Methods:Using the liquid paraffin as the oil phase,and span-80 as the emuifier; 5- fluorouracil-loaded chitosan microspheres were achieved by emulsion-chemical crosslink technique. The orthogonal experimental design was applied to optimize the preparation procedure. Dynamic dialysis method was used to determine the releasing characteristic of microspheres in vitro and it influencing fators.Swelling behavior was expressed by swelling ratio.The degree of mucoadhesion was investigated by determining the mucociliary transport rate(MTR) of the microparticle across a frog palate. Results: Microspheres with a good shape and narrow size distribution were prepared. The average diameter was (43?4) ?m. The drug loading was 38.5%? 1.0%. The entrapment efficiency was 79.0%?1.8%.The drug release profile in vitro could be described by Higuichi eqution Q=0.1035t 1/2 +0.0284 (r=0.9965). Chitosan had good mucoadhesive property and caused a siginificant reduction in MTR(P

Objective To investigate the efficacy of percutaneous laser disc decompression(PLDD)combined with injection of collagenase through a target location for treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion.Methods Ninety patients with lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion scheduled for discolysis,aged 31-52 yr,weighing 58-70 kg,were randomly divided into 3 groups: PLDD group(group P,n = 29),collagenase injection group(group C,n = 31),PLDD combined with injection of collagenase through a target location group(group PC,n = 30).The puncture was performed under the guidance of CT.Group P was treated using PLDD.Group C was treated with collagenase injection.Group PC was treated with injection of collagenase after PLDD was completed.The therapeutic effect was assessed before operation and on day 7,30,60 and 90 after operation using M-JOA score.Results M-JOA grade was significantly higher at the each time point after operation in group P and PC,and on day 30,60 and 90 after operation in group C than that before operation(P ＜ 0.05).M-JOA grade was significantly lower on day 30 after operation in group P,while higher on day 30,60 and 90 after operation in group C and PC than that on day 7 after operation(P ＜ 0.05).M-JOA grade was significantly lower at the each time point after operation in group P and C than in group PC.Conclusion The therapeutic effect of PLDD combined with collagenase injection through a target location is stable for treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation and better than that of PLDD or collagenase injection alone.

Objective To detect the expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) in mice with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). Methods Male kunming mice (n = 50) were randomly divided to control group, ANP 24, 48, 72, 96 h group. ANP model was induced by intraperitoneally injection with 20% L-arginine at a dose of 4 mg/g each, 1 h apart. Mice in control group received intraperitoneally injections of same amount of normal saline. Serum amylase, creatinine, and ALT were examined and pathological evaluation of pancreatic tissues was performed. The expression of TREM-1 mRNA in peripheral blood leucocyte was determined by RT-PCR. The expression of TREM-1 protein in pancreatic tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Serum amylase, creatinine, and ALT in ANP 24 h were (9439 ± 1273)U/L, (84.8 ±75.9) μmol/L, ( 158.1 ± 122. 1 ) U/L, which were significantly higher than those in control group [ ( 2412 ± 297 ) U/L, (29.2 ± 19. 1 ) μmol/L, (41.4 ± 7.9 ) U/L) ]. The pathological scores of the pancreas in ANP group increased corresponding to time. The expressions of TREM-1 mRNA in ANP 24, 48,72, 96 h group were 15.55, 30.36, 15.77, 28.32, and the expressions of TREM-1 mRNA in ANP 48 h group was significantly higher than that in other groups ( P <0.01 ). The expressions of TREM-1 protein in the pancreas did not significantly change corresponding to time. Conclusions TREM-1 may be involved in the development of ANP by triggering other inflammatory factors.

Objective To explore the traditional Chinese and western medication principle of treating epilepsy based on text mining, and provide a reference for clinical use. Methods Based on the literature data of treatment of epilepsy collected in CBM database, we explored the medication principle of both traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine for treating epilepsy by frequency statistical data based on sensitive keywords hierarchical algorithm, retro-read and manually noise reduction. These laws displayed by the frequency of one-dimensional and two-dimensional network diagram. Results Commonly used drugs in western medicine treatment for epilepsy are phenobarbital, phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine and diazepam. Traditional Chinese medicine commonly used are Angongniuhuang Pill, Qingkailing Injection, Wumei Pill, Tongxinluo Capsule, Compound Danshen Dripping Pill, Xuefuzhuyu Capsule, etc. When traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine are combined used, the most commonly used traditional Chinese medicine are Angongniuhuang Pill, Qingkailing Injection and Compound Danshen Tablet, western medicine are phenobarbital, valproate, carbamazepine and diazepam. Common syndromes are yin deficiency of liver and kidney, deficiency of kidney yin, heart tangled by sputum, deficiency of yin, heart disturbance by sputum and fire. Conclusion Text mining technology can be used for summary of medication principle of treating epilepsy and of epilepsy syndrome, thus provide useful exploration and reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To establish an HPLC method for the determination of metoclopramide (MCP) and its related substances in MCP nasal spray .Methods Chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent TC-C18 column (250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm) using acetonitrile and phosphate buffer solution (0.05 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, added with 5 ml of triethylamine and adjusted to pH 4.0 with phosphoric acid)(19∶81) as the mobile phase at 1.0 ml/min.The detection wavelength was 275 nm and the column temperature was set at 30℃.Results and Conclusion Related substances were completely separated from MCP .For MCP,the linearity of determination was over the range of 10-200 μg/ml and the recovery of the method ranged from 100.3%to 101.6%.The relative standard deviation was 0.68%(n=9).The method is accurate, reliable, repeatable, and could be readily utilized as a quality control method for MSP nasal spray .