Diphtheria is an ancient disease.Since the implementation of enhanced program of immunization by WHO in 1978,the global incidence of diphtheria decreased sharply.There were no diphtheria cases reported in recent years in China,but there were still diphtheria cases and outbreak reported in surrounding countries.It is necessary to strengthen the laboratory diagnosis of diphtheria in China to prevent the recurrence and for early detection of emergent and imported diphtheria cases.Here in this review,the laboratory diagnosis of diphtheria and its progress were summarized.

AIM: To study the chemical constituents of Elaeagnus pungens. METHODS: Chemical constituents were separated through chromatographic methods and their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis. RESULTS: Five compounds were isolated from the petroleum ether extract of leaves of Elaeagnus pungens Thunb.Their structures were elucidated as hentriantane(1),lupeol(2),?-sitosterol(3),oleanolic acid(4) and 3,5-dihydroxy4,7-dimethoxy flavone(5). CONCLUSION: Compounds hentriantane(1) and 3,5-dihydroxy-4,7-dimethoxyflavone(5) were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objective To preparemicroRNA-34 a loaded liposome and evaluate the targeting efficiency for lung cancer stem cells and effect on the treatment of lung cancer. Method The liposomes were prepared by thin film hydration method. The particle size,Zeta potential and entrapment efficiency were evaluated. Stability of liposome in serum was evaluated. The efficiency of cellular uptake on lung cancer stem cells in vitro was evaluated. The anti-proliferation efficiency of miLPs-34 a was evaluated by MTT assay. Tumor spheroids were used to evaluate anti-tumor ability of miLPs-34 a. Lung cancer stem cells were used to build orthotopictumor model, which were used to evaluate the effect of anti-cancer. Results The particle diameter of the miLPs-34 a was (136.55±11.4) nm with the Zeta potential of (21.45±4.55) mV. The entrapment efficiency of microRNA-34 awas 94.6%.the results demonstrated that the liposomes could keep stable in 50%serum for 24 h. miLPs-34 a uptaken by lung cancer stem cells were 3.1 times higher than that of microRNA-34 a(P<0.01). The MTT assay confirmed strong inhibitory effect of miLPs-34 a than microRNA-34 a(P<0.01). the inhibition of tumor spheroid confirmed strong inhibitory effect of miLPs-34 a than microRNA-34 a(P<0.01). The anti-tumor of miLPs-34 a was much more effectively than microRNA-34 a(P<0.01).Conclusion the microRNA-34 a loaded liposome could target to lung cancer stem cells and inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer stem cell. MiLPs-34 a, as a new nanometer drug, has a special application value for the therapy of lung cancer stem cell.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the HPLC method for the content determination of cetirizine hydrochloride gel.METHODS:The assaying was conducted on a SinoChrom ODS-BP column with 0.02 mol?L-1 sodium dihydrogen phosphate-acetonitrile(60∶40)as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1.The column temperature was 25 ℃;the detection wavelength was 231 nm and the sample size was 10 ?L.RESULTS:The linear concentration range of cetirizine hydrochloride gel was 0.100 4～4.016 0 ?g(r=0.999 9)with average recovery rate at 97.85%(RSD=1.57%).CONCLUSI-ON:The method is simple,accurate and reproducible,and it can be used for the quality control of cetirizine hydrochloride gel.

Treatment of senile diseases by Chinese patent medicine should prescribe according to physiological and pathological specialty of the aged. It's necessary for treatment according to syndrome differentiation associating with the disease,reasonable combination of drugs avoiding adverse reactions,gentle medicine character but not fierce,small medicine quantity but not great, the use of Chinese patent medicine mild and tonic used properly but not excessively.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Geriatrics ; methods ; Humans ; Phytotherapy ; methods

At present, mesenchymal stem cell treatment mainly applies in local and systematic transplantation, gene therapy combining stem cells, as well as tissue engineering. Based on mesenchymal stem cells are easily separated, cultured, have potentials of fast proliferation, easy exogenous gene's induction and expression, and can maintain multi-differentiation potential throughout long-term culture in vitro, and the quite stable genetic background. Mesenchymal stem cells have widely application prospect in tissue engineering of ophthalmology. At present, domestic and foreign researches have had massive evidences that mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into cornea and retina cells. The application of mesenchymal stem cells in the anterior eye is usually by dint of a kind of carrier, such as amniotic membrane, fibrin gel membrane and so on. Moreover, the temperature sensitive culture dish has made the non-carrier transplantation of ocular surface stem cells. The application of mesenchymal stem cells in the posterior eye mostly concentrates in seeking for the feasible treatment of retinitis pigmentosa. Researches are mature on mesenchymal stem cells as seed cells acting on damaged tissue in ocular repairs and regeneration. But its oncogenicity and the security are waiting for further solving.

Objective To study the rule of breaking Ferula fukanensis seed dormancy under low-temperature and content changes of endo-hormone.Methods The seeds were treated with stratification under 4 ℃ and germinated under 20 ℃.The content of endo-hormone,such as Z,GA_3,IAA,and ABA,was mensurated by HPLC.Results The seed germination rate achieved as high as 14% in 20 d and more than 60% in 40 d.Among breaking the seed dormancy,the content of endo-hormone was decreased gradually,while the rate of GA_3 and ABA was increased quickly in 10—20 d under 4 ℃ stratification.ConclusionThe stratification under 4 ℃ could break the seed dormancy.The rate of GA_3 and ABA is a pivotal factor of the seed dormancy.The endo-hormones IAA and Z have the significant effect on seed germination.

Recently,the techniques for proteomics have made remarkable progress.They are widely used in various fields of life sciences,providing strong technical supports for relevant researches.Especially,proteomics technology has made prominent contributions to drug development and mechanism studies,magnificently improving the efficiency of discovering new drugs.This paper summarizes the classical method and new technology of proteomics.Also,its applications in drug study,including targets screening,mechanism studies,drug toxicology,researches of resistance mechanisms and clinical medical studies have been reviewed.

80 years)in China is increasing.As a special type of hypertension,the hypertension in the very elderly has some specificities in pathogenesis,clinical manifestation,treatment and prognosis.The topic to effectively cure and prevent hypertension in the very elderly is increasingly emphasiced.This article presents an overview of recent progress in clinical characteristics,and treatment strategy related to hypertension in the very elderly.

"Yongling"oral liquid composed of Cordyceps miliaris and Ganoderma lucidum was prepared by biochemical means. By comparing three different formulations,it was found that the optimum ratio between C. miliaris and G. lucidum was 7:3,which presented the entire active principles in proper proportion while retaining the original natural color and flavor.The preparation is a high protein,low fat,nontoxic oral liquid with diversified therapeutic actions and devoid of side effects