Objective To find the optimal stimulation parameters of electroacupuncture for incision pain and visceral dragging pain after surgery.Method Databases including the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang (WF), VIP and PubMed were retrieved by using computer. The eligible literatures related to the clinical and experimental studies on electroacupuncture for post-operative pain were summarized and the frequencies of the involved electroacupuncture parameters were counted.Result For incision pain, electroacupuncture was used after surgery, with continuous wave, usually a low frequency ranged 2~15 Hz and a current of 2~5 mA; for visceral dragging pain, electroacupuncture was used before surgery, with sparse-intense wave, alternate frequencies majorly at 2/100 Hz and a medium or low current intensity within patient’s endurance. Conclusion In clinical application, the elctroacupuncture parameters should be chosen carefully according to the type of post-operative pain.

The big-data era has arrived, which involves all professions and trades. Its impact on the medical field has gradually revealed. With the characteristics of big data "4V" (volume, velocity, variety, value) and its theory generality with TCM (holistic thinking, correlativity) as well as regularity of disease development, combined with present status of acupuncture clinical research, the influences of big-data era on trial design, data collection, analysis and sharing of acupuncture clinical research are discussed in this paper, aiming to provide references for solving the difficulties of study design and determining the future research direction of acupuncture clinical research.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Biomedical Research ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Database Management Systems ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective:To study the difference of the development between mandibular condylar cartilage and femoral head cartilage in vitro.Methods:Mandibular condyles and femoral heads were sampled from 1 2 neonatal mice and cultured in vitro.The samples before culture and after 6-week culture were examined by gross observation,HE staining,Alizarin Red staining and PCNA immunohistochem-istry respectively.Results:After in vitro culture,abnormal changes were observed in condyle cartilage,but the surface area of condyle cartilage was not changed(P >0.05).HE staining showed partial cartilage layer structure disappearance and the Alizarin Red staining confirmed calcification in the cartilage matrix.However,calcification was not found in femoral head cartilage,and the surface area of femoral head cartilage increased(P <0.05).HE staining showed the hypertrophied layer was thicker after culture than before and the Alizarin Red staining showed there was no calcification in the femoral cartilage matrix.The immunohistochemistry displayed PCNA posi-tive expression in both cartilage after culture.Conclusion:In vitro,the mandibular condylar cartilage matrix can be spontaneously cal-cificated.

Aim To investigate the effect of bufalin on proliferation and expression of WT1 in K562 cells. Methods The colony number of K562 cell was detec-ted with semi-solid culture assay. The cell cycle was measured by flowcytometry, and the expression of WT1 was observed with immunocytochemistry. Subcutaneous tumor models established by K562 cells in BALB/C nu/nu mice were divided into three groups, including model group, bufalin group and positive control group. After 21 days, the subcutaneous tumors were removed for calculating the inhibitory rate of tumor growth. HE staining and immunohistochemistry were used to ob-serve the morphological changes and the expression of WT1 . Results ① Bufalin could significantly decrease the colony number of K562 cell, arrest it at G0/G1 phase and down-regulate its expression of WT1 in a dose-dependent manner. ② Compared with the model group, the tumor inhibitory rate was much higher, while the volume and the weight were obviously lower in the other two groups. ③Bufalin could induce apop-tosis, necrosis, hemorrhage and fibrosis with HE stai-ning, and down-regulate the expression of WT1. Con-clusion Bufalin could inhibit the proliferation, arrest the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and down-regulate the expression of WT1 in vitro. Bufalin could inhibit the tumor inhibitory rate, the volume and the weight of the subcutaneous tumors, induce apoptosis, necrosis, hemorrhage and fibrosis with HE staining and down-regulate the expression of WT1 .

Objective To assess the efficacy of combining vestibular rehabilitation with cognitive behavioral therapy in treating chronic subjective dizziness ( CSD) and the associated anxiety. Methods A total of 98 anxious CSD patients were randomly divided into an experimental group ( n=50) and a control group ( n=48) . All of the pa-tients′scores on the Hamilton anxiety scale ( HAMA) were no less than 14 and their scores on the Hamilton depres-sion scale ( HAMD) were less than 18. Systematic vestibular rehabilitation was given to the patients in the control group, while this was combined with cognitive behavioral therapy for the patients in the experimental group. All pa-tients were evaluated using a dizziness handicap inventory ( DHI) and the HAMA before treatment and in the 4th and 8th week of the treatment. Results Before the treatment there was no significant difference between the 2 groups in any of the assessments. After 3 weeks of treatment, the average HAMA score, DHI total score and its factor scores had decreased significantly. Four weeks later, the average HAMA score, DHI total score and its factor scores for som-atization, emotion and function had improved significantly in both groups compared with before treatment and the scores after 3 weeks. After 3 and 7 weeks of treatment, the average HAMA score, DHI total score and its factor scores of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group. Conclusion Cognitive behavioral therapy amplifies the effects of vestibular rehabilitation in treating persons with CSD, in part by significantly relieving their anxiety.

Objective To compare the serum estradiol level of gouty patients with healthy controls and to investigate whether estradiol upregulatesthe expression of the uric acid transporter ATP-binding cassette superfamily member 2 (ABCG2) of human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2)..Methods Serum of 16 male gout patients and 16 male healthy controls and their estradiol level were assessed with ELISA.The HK-2 cells wer cultured with different concentrations of estradiol for 24 hours or 48 hours.mRNA expression of ABCG2 was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).HK-2 cells were cultured with estradiol or estradiol and inhibitor of PI3K/Akt pathway LY294002.mRNA expression of ABCG2 was assessed by qPCR,while the Akt,p-Ser473-Akt,p-Thr308-Akt and ABCG2 expression were investigated by Western blot.Data was analyzed using either the one-way analysis of variance or the t test.Results The level of serum uric acid in gout patients was [(547±18) μmol/L],which was significantly higher than that of healthy controls [(344±12) μmol/L),t=-5.395,P＜0.01].The level of estradiol in gout patients was (45±6) μmol/L,which was significantly lower than that of healthy controls [(100±8) μmol/L,t=9.375,P＜0.01].The mRNA expression of ABCG2 of 10-4 mol/L estradiol group was elevated after 24 hours or 48 hours (t=3.168,t=3.990;P＜0.01).In the group of co-stimulation withestradiol and LY294002,the ABCG2,p-Ser473-Akt and p-Thr308-Akt expression were down regulated compared to the estradiol group.Conclusion There is a significant correlation between serum estradiol and uric acid.Estradiol inducesthe expression of ABCG2 of HK-2 cells by activating PI3K/Akt pathway.

Objective To investigate the effect of concentrated suture fixation in subdermal vascular network flap method for treatment of axillary osmidrosis in reducing postoperative complications,increase the wound dressing effect of comfort.Methods Ninety-six cases of bilateral axillary osmidrosis patients were randomly divided into concentrated suture group (group A) and 8 bandage compression group (group B),48 cases in each group.They were cleared of sweat gland retaining subdermal vascular network skin flap method in treatment of axillary osmidrosis.Group A was treated with concentrated suture fixation after the separation of the subdermal vascular network flap by in situ,group B was treated by routine compression bandage fixation after the separation of the subdermal vascular network flap.Observation of subcutaneous hematoma,infection,necrosis of skin after operation and understood dressing comfort.To observe the peculiar smell and axillary scar,operation area 6 months postoperative growth.Results The postoperative observation:group A subcutaneous hematoma complication rate was lower in group B,the incidence of 1.04％ (1/96) vs.19.79％ (19/96),the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).Group A postoperative dressing comfort satisfaction rate was 93.75％ (45/48),group B po or comfort,satisfaction rate was only 10.42％(5/48),the difference had statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).After 6 months of postoperative,the total efficiency of two groups were 100.00％,no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Group A district scar formation rate was higher than that in group B [3.12％(3/96) vs.21.88％(21/96)] (P ＜ 0.05).The armpit hair and sweat in the two groups was significantly reduced,there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Concentrated suture fixation method in the treatment of axillary osmidrosis by subdermal vascular network is a reliable fixation of the axillary free after the subdermal vascular network flap,and have flap high healing rate,scar,low rate of complications; postoperative dressing is simple,comfortable,living freely,overall is better than 8 bandage compression method.

The structure and 5-HT immunoreactivity in the brain and suboesophageal ganglion of three beetles, Ambrostoma quadriimpressum, Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata and Oxycetonia jucunda, were first studied by means of colophony-paraffin embedding serial section technique and strepteavidin-peroxidase immunohistochemical method. The results showed that the brains of these three taxonomically closely related beetles were remarkably different in composition and size. Mushroom bodies and antennal lobes in Oxycetonia jucunda were conspicuous. Calyces and lobes of the mushroom bodies.were much developed. In contrast, calyces of Ambrostoma quadriimpressum and Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata were extremely undeveloped. However, the postretinal fibres and circumpharyngeal nerves of Ambrostoma quadriimpressum were highly developed. In the three beetles, 5-HT immunoreactivity was present in all neuropils of the brain and the suboesophageal ganglion. The pattern of 5-HT immunoreactivity and the localization of immunoreactive somata which often clustered into groups were similar among these beetles, while the immunoreactivity intensity was distinct, especially in the lamina. The results suggest that the three beetles have given rise to adaptive radiation under the evolutionary pressure because of the long-term different life styles and living environments in which the taxonomic status of Ambrostoma quadriimpressum is relatively low. The similarity of the pattern of 5-HT immunoreactivity and localization of some positive somata among the three beetles raise the possibility that 5-HT seemes to serve similar physiological function in different insects. Furthermore, 5-HT might be involved in modulating the ingestion by regulating muscular activity and visual sensitivity.

Objective To survey bacterium pollution state on the surface of medical equipment maintenance tools,and thenobserve the disinfection effect of ozone.Methods Totally 30 medical equipment maintenance tools including screwdriver,hexagona wrench and multimeter from certain hospital were placed in ozone disinfection cabinet,and then disinfected by ozoneup to 5 minutes.Samples on the surface of tools were collected by cotton swabs before and after disinfection,cultured for 48hours in 37 ℃,and then the bacterial colony counts were measured and analyzed,and pathogenicity bacteria were identified.The pollution couditions on kinds of tools were compared.Results The surface of the tools was polluted severely,bacterialcolony counts of which before disinfection reached (132.68±37.02) cfu/cm2,and decreased to (6.44±1.08) cfu/cm2 after 5-minutes' disinfecting.There was statistically significant difference in the bacterial counts before and after the disinfection (P＜0.01),and the inactivation ratio was up to 95.15％.Pathogenicity bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coliwere detected before the disinfection,and killed after that.The bacteria counts were significantly different in the three kindsof tools,and the screwdriver gained the highest count while the multimeter had the lowest one.Conclusion The surface ofmedical equipment maintenance tools is polluted by bacteria severely,including some pathogenicity bacteria,and should be disinfected regularly.Ozone can kill bacteria rapidly,and the tools can achieve sanitary standard after 5-minutes' ozone disinfecting.

The ITS/ITS2 barcodes were used to simply and effectively identify Codonopsis Radix and its adulter-ants. In this study, ITS (internal transcribed spacer of unclear ribosomal DNA) regions were amplified using PCR (polymerase chain reaction) from thirty-three samples of Codonopsis Radix and ITS2 regions were obtained from the ITS sequences using the hidden Markov model (HMMer)-based annotation methods. The sequences of ITS/ITS2 regions were aligned and the genetic distances were computed by MEGA5.0. Species identification efficiency of ITS/ITS2 sequences were evaluated using BLAST1 and nearest distance methods. The results indicated that The sequences lengths of ITS regions of Codonopsis Radix were 654-655 bp, and the lengths of ITS2 regions were 239 bp. The intraspecific genetic distances among Codonopsis Radix were obviously lower than the interspecific genetic distance between Codonopsis Radix and its adulterants. Therefore, ITS/ITS2 regions can stably and accu-rately distinguish Codonopsis Radix and its adulterants.