In recent years,the incidence of allergic diseases is rising.The mild symptoms in allergic diseases are partial performance,but the severe symptoms in allergic diseases can induce anaphylactic shock and even death.With the unclear pathogenesis,there is lack of the effective treatment.Early detection and control of risk factors that cause allergic disease may be helpful in reducing the incidence of allergic disease.This review describes recent progress in the study of epidemiology, risk factors of allergic diseases, hypotheses of mechanism and the direction of future researches in risk factors of allergic diseases.

Cerebral salt wasting syndrome (CSWS) is a common cause of refractory hyponatremia. Early diagnosis and treatment of CSWS can greatly improve the patient′s condition and improve the prognosis. Clinically by supplying sodium hydrate, most patients can resume normal serum sodium level, and get remission. But a few patients with low serum sodium, high urine sodium and low blood volume can not improve and even worse. Fludrocortisone and adrenal cortical hormone can rapidly and effectively reduce the urinary sodium level and urine volume, correct hyponatremia and low blood volume and improve the prognosis in such patients.

A migraine is a common essential headache in clinical practice. Studies in recent years have found that cortical spreading depression (CSD) may be one of the important mechanisms for the cause of migraine. This article reviews the relationship between SCD and neurobiological mechanism of migraine,particular expounding the significance in the gene mutations of familial hemiplegic migraine, CSD in migraine pathophysiological mechanisms and their prophylactic treatment.

Graves' disease is a common autoimmune disease triggered by the susceptibility genes and environmental factors.Among the 9 risk genes related to Graves' disease,SCGB3A2 is the first Graves' disease-predisposing gene identified by our group using tagSNPs,strategy of candidate genes,and positional clones.The association between SCGB3A2 and Graves' disease has been confirmed by two independent cohorts from UK and Russia.So far,the geneticists on Graves' disease regard SCGB3A2 as a validated susceptibility gene of that disease.

Objective To observe the effect of carvedilol and motoprolol on the weight of cardiac muscle in patients with hypertensive heart disease.Methods One hundred patients with hypertensive heart disease were divided into two groups by random number and treated with carvedilol(n =54) and motoprolol(n =46) respectively for 12 months.Data were recorded (left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD),left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),interventricular septal thickness (IVST),and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT)) before and after the treatment.Left ventricular muscle mass(LVW),left ventricular mass index(LVWI) were calculated.Results After treatment,both groups improved with declined LVEDD (motoprolol group:(43.60 ± 4.43) mm vs.(46.70 ± 3.21) mm,t =18.143,P ＜ 0.01 ; carvedilol group:(42.50 ± 2.56) mm vs.(46.5 ± 3.18) mm,t =18.232,P ＜ 0.01),thinner IVST (motoprolol group:(9.68 ± 1.65) mm vs.(12.01 ± 1.56) mm,t =12.785,P ＜ 0.01 ; carvedilol group:(9.05 ± 1.04) mm vs.(11.59 ± 1.54) mm,t =7.865,P ＜ 0.01),and increased LVEF (motoprolol group:(52.89 ± 8.78)％ vs.(50.23 ± 7.88)％; carvedilol group:(54.65 ± 8.87％)％ vs.(50.22 ±7.89)％).In the carvedilol treatment group,LVMI significantly (t =4.987,P ＜ 0.01) declined from (133.75 ±25.89) g/m2 to (109.25 ± 22.53) g/m2.In the motoprolol treatment group,LVMI declined from (134.76 ± 25.87) g/m2 to (119.78 ± 23.65.53) g/m2 (t =5.689,P ＜ 0.01).After the treatment,each index of carvedilol group improved significantly compared with metoprolol group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Both medications are able to reduce the weight of cardiac muscle of patients with hypertensive heart disease,and carvedilol is better than motoprolol.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and diagnosis and treatment of ileocecal disease.Methods The general data,clinical manifestations,imaging examinations,colonoscopy and pathological examination and diagnosis of 134 patients in our hospital with ileocecal disease from September 2009 to March 2016 were collected.The clinical characters were summarized by retrospective analysis.Results A total of 134 cases with ileocecal disease were collected,and 36(26.87％)of them were ileocecal cancer,30(22.39％)of them were inflammatory bowel disease,26(19.40％)of them were intestinal tuberculosis.The main clinical manifestations of ileocecal lesion were abdominal pain,abdominal distention,diarrhea,bloody stool,etc.The colonoscopy imaging showed mucosal hyperemia,edema,erosion,ulcer and tumors on the intestinal tract.The benign lesions mainly showed ulcer with mucosal erosion and edema,and the ileocecal cancer showed neoplasm.CT examination was the common imaging method,and 93(69.40％)cases got tested.49 cases had operation,in which 7 cases had misdiagnosed before operation,and the rate of misdiagnosis was 14.28％.Conclusion The ileocecal disease is mainly benign lesions,and the process of diagnosis is complex;the rate of misdiagnosis is a little high.

BACKGROUND: Intra-oral, extra-oral, and combination of intraoral and extra-oral incisions often use in mandibular angle contouring surgery. Minimally invasive incision at auriculocephalic sulcus in mandibular angle osteotomy is a new approach, but its report is rare. OBJECTIVE: To observe the anatomical structure of the mandibular angle and its related blood vessels and nerves, and to provide the anatomical basis for the minimally invasive incision at auriculocephalic sulcus in mandibular angle osteotomy. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A single sample observational experiment was performed at Department of Anatomy in the Second Military Medical University from February to May in 2008. MATERIALS: A total of 15 adult skull specimens (30 laterals), including 11 female and 4 male, and 15 adult mandible (30 laterals) were used in the experiment. METHODS: Anatomical study was performed on 30 laterals of 15 skull specimens, observing distributions and arrangement of blood vessels and nerves as well as their position relation with mandibular angle. After sawing the mandible bones along mark lines, the distances from the mental foramen, mandibular foramen, and each section of mandibular canal to the edge, internal wall and external wall of the mandible bone were measured. The results were expressed as Mean?SD. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The anatomical level, blood vessels, nerves and mandibular canals of mandibular angle region were observed. RESULTS: The distances from great auricular nerve, external jugular vein, cervical branch of facial nerve, facial artery and facial vein to the mandibular angle were (19.48?6.45), (13.84?3.78), (9.58?3.05), (22.62?7.16) and (20.08?6.45) mm, respectively. The distance from the location of marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve running out of the parotid gland to the mandibular angle was (7.79?2.57) mm. The distance from the location of mandibular canal at outer margin of third molar to the mandibular angle was (16.97?2.24) mm. CONCLUSION: The anatomical structure of the mandibular angle region is complex, and there are many important blood vessels and nerves. Minimally invasive incision at auriculocephalic sulcus is relatively safe in anatomy.

Objective To develop a qualitative and quantitative simultaneous determination of multiple bioactive constituents in total alkaloid in Sophora alopecuroides (TASA). Methods In the experiment, a new and simple HPLC-DAD method for the simultaneous determination of multiple constituents in TASA was developed. The separation was performed on a Kromasil C,8 column (250mmx4.6mm,5.0pm) eluted with 0.02 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate (adjusted pH 4.3 using 1% glacial acetic acid) and acetonitrile (75:25) at a flow-rate of 0.7 mUmin. The detection wavelength was set at 210 nn. Results Five constituents (sophoridine, matrine, oxymatnne, aloperme, and lehmamune) were simultaneously analyzed in this study. Four of them were identified and determinated by the developed method. The calibration curves exhibited linear regressions (r~2>0.9995). The injection precision, the intra-day precision, and the ana hsis repeatability were validated with the RSD values less than 5.0%. The mean recoveries of the four constituents were ranged from 98.62% to 100.20%, and the RSD values were all less than 3.37%. Conclusion This method is convenient, fast, accurate, and is applicable to analyze the multi-constituents in TASA.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of the contents of Shuanghuanglian freeze-dried powder in placental perfusate. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Agilent Zorbax-C18 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-1%formic acid aqueous solution(gradient elution)at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the internal standard was puera-rin,detection wavelength was 280 nm,column temperature was 25 ℃ and sample volume was 10 μl. RESULTS:There was a lin-ear range between linear ranges and peak area of 8 ingredients(r≥0.999 0);RSDs of within-day and inter-day precision tests were no more than 1.9%,repeatability tests was no more than 7.3%;average recoveries were in the range of 92.73%-112.37%(RSD=3.2%-8.2%,n=6);and average matrix effects were 90.33%-105.78%(RSD=3.2%-8.0%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The method is rapid,sensitive and specific,and can be used to the simultaneous determination of the contents of 8 ingredients of Shuan-ghuanglian freeze-dried powder in placental perfusate.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of long-pulsed 1064nm laser combined with amorolfine hydrochloride in the treatment of patients with onychomycosis. Methods:Totally 106 cases of patients with onychomycosis were randomly divided into the observation group (n=53) and the control group(n=53) according to the random number table. The control group was given 5%amorolfine hydrochloride liniment, while the observation group was treated with long-pulsed 1064nm laser additionally. The course of treatment was 6 months. The clinical efficacy, length of deck in ward areas, length of deck in health zone, clearance of mycology and adverse reactions were compared between the groups. Results:The total effective rate of the observation group(90. 57%) was signifi-cantly higher than that of the control group(75. 47%, P<0. 05). After the treatment, the length of deck in ward areas in both groups were significantly decreased, while the length of deck in health zone were significantly increased (P<0. 05). The length of deck in ward areas in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group, while the length of deck in health zone was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0. 05). The clearance rate of mycology in the observation group (86. 79%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (67. 92%, P<0. 05). There were no serious adverse reactions during the treatment course. Conclusion:Long-pulsed 1064nm laser combined with 5% amorolfine hydrochloride liniment in the treatment of patients with onychomycosis has remarkable, safe and reliable clinical effects, which shows important study value.