Child ; Humans ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma

In order to continuously improve the level of English abstracts for medical postgraduates , this paper introduces the definition, purpose, types, contents and writing strategies of English abstracts .It also introduces the writing difference and evolution of the word abstractand the writing tips of all kinds of abstracts , especially the structured abstract .In reference to international and do-mestic writing criteria , it points out the problems which should be paid attention to in writing English abstracts and tried to develop the students′consciousness in improving their level of writing English abstracts so that their thesis will be better recognized and cited by in -ternational experts , thus promoting the international academic exchanges as well as the development of China ′s medical undertakings .

Diabetes associated large vascular disease is a major threat to type 2 diabetes mellitus,its main pathological mechanism is atherosclerosis.Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) detected using high resolution ultrasound technique can be used as an alternative indicator of subclinical atherosclerosis.It has been confirmed that it is a strong predictor of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.This article focuses on the latest research progress of the CIMT-associated risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Metoclopramide ( MCP ) is similar to Procainamide in structure. In rats anaesthetized by ip chloral hydrate 300 mg/kg, arrhythmia induced by BaCl 3 mg/kg was shown to be antagonized by injecting iv MCP 30 mg/kg. It was also found that MCP 10 mg/kg injected iv protected rabbits against a'rrhythmia induced by chloroform-adrenaline . In anaesthetized rats, MCP 30 mg/kg injected iv raised the dose of aconitine required to induce first arrhythmia, ventricular fibrillation ( VF ) and heart arrest, while in anaesthetized guinea pigs, the same amount of MCP injected iv showed no significant action on the dose of ouabain inducing these effects. Ventricular tachycardia produced by occlusion of coronary artery in rats could not be prevnted by injecting iv MCP 30 mg/kg. It was found that MCP has local anaesthesia action.

Aim To explore the effect of pemetrexed on autophagy and the function of autohpagy activation in A549 cells.Methods The anti-proliferative effect of pemetrexed on A549 cells was detected by MTS. The formation of autophagosome was observed by trans-mission electron microscopy (TEM)and the expression of autophagy-related proteins was determined by West-ern blot.The inhibitory effects of the combination of pemetrexed and a selective autophagy inhibitor on A549 cells were measured by MTS.Results Peme-trexed inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells.Auto-phagy was activated in A549 cells by exposure to pemtrexed.Autophagosome was increased in peme-trexed treatment cells compared with control group. Pemtrexed treatment led to the formation of autophago-some and the conversion of LC3-Ⅰto LC3-Ⅱ.The in-crease of Beclin-1 and the decline of autophagy sub-strate of p62 were observed in pemtrexed treated A549 cells.The pharmacological autophagy inhibitor chloro-quine (CQ)sensitized A549 cells to pemetrexed treat-ment.The inhibitory rate was (28.42 ±2.45 )% for pemetrexed only,and (45 .36 ±3.52 )% for peme-trexed combined with CQ.Conclusions Pemetrexed could activate autophagy in A549 cell lines.The dis-ruption of autophagy facilitates the anti-proliferative effect of pemetrexed on A549 cells,which provides a novel strategy in lung cancer treatment.

Objective To improve the diagnosis and treatment of hepatolithiasis associated with cholangio-caminoma.Methods Data of 28 cases of hepatolithiasis associated with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma from 2005 to 2008 in Li Huili Hospital of Ningbo University Medical School were collected and analysed.Results The diagnosis was established preoperatively in 8(28.6%)cases.Twenty-one(75.0%)patients were radically resected,5(17.9%)patients received palliative operation,and other 2(7.1%)patients received exploratory surgery.In the 24 patients followed-up closely,the median survival time was 30 months in radical surgery group,8 months in palliative operation group,whereas 2 exploratory surgery cases only survived 2 months and 4 months respectively.Conclusions Cholangiocarcinoma may be related to hepatolithiasis.Early diagnosis rate is low and prognosis is poor in the cholangiocarcinoma associated with hepatolithiasis.Early radical therapy for hepatolithiasis plays an important role in preventing cholangiocarcinoma occurrence.Palliative operation for cholangiocarcinoma may improve quality of live.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of nasal irrigation for pediatric chronic sinusitis. Methods 92 children with chronic sinusitis were selected and randomly divided into treatment group(48 cases) and control group(44 cases) .The two groups were treated with routine clinical basic drugs,and the treatment group took nasal irrigation in addition.The efficacy after 1 month was compared, and then the patients were followed up for 3 months.Results The total effective rate of the treatment group was 91.7% after 1 month,which of the control group was 72.7%.After 3 months,the total effective rate in treatment group was 95.9%,which of the control group was 86.4%.There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in treatment outcomes( P=0.024, 0.011) .Conclusion The therapeutic effect of nasal irrigation for pediatric chronic sinusitis is obvious, safe and reliable.

Objective To observe the effect of the trinity comprehensive therapy for adolescent pseudo-myopia.Methods According to the digital table,149 patients(298 eyes) were divided into the observation group75 patients(150 eyes) and the control group74 patients(148 eyes).The observation group were given with the trinity comprehensive therapy:herbal acupoint massage,auricular-plaster therapy and to wear the crystal apparatus.The control group were given with 0.5％ tropicamide eye drops.Based on the naked distant vision,this paper will observe their respective curative effect,and then make the statistical analysis afterwards.Results The effective rate in the observation group was(95.14％),which was significantly higher than (78.26％)of the control group (Z =-12.563,P ＜ 0.05).Meanwhile,the effect of the treatment on the naked visual acuity in pseudo-myopia who were with (0.8 ± 0.1) was significantly higher than that of the naked visual acuity of the patients with low vision.And after a half-a-year treatment,the vision loss rate in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P ＜0.05).Conclusion The curative effect of the trinity comprehensive therapy for adolescent pseudo-myopia is definite,and can be maintained for a long time,which has a certain value to prevent the occurrence and development of juvenile myopia.

Objective To rapidly construct hepatitis B virus(HBV)adefovir(ADV)‐resistant strain(RT A181T)infectious clone by using SOE‐PCR ,to observe the expression of recombinant plasmids in Huh7 cells and to establish the in vitro cell model of HBV ADV‐resistant strain(RT A181T) .Methods The conservative primers were designed ,the full‐length HBV genome was amplified from serum in the patients with ADV‐resistant chronic hepatitis B .Then ,the 1 .3‐fold genome‐length infectious clone pHBV1 .3 was constructed by using the SOE‐PCR technique ,which was transfected into human hepatoma cells Huh7 cell line .ELISA ,Western Blot and Real‐time PCR were adopted to detect infectious cloning replication and expression ,meanwhile the antiviral drugs lamivu‐dine(LAM ) and ADV were used to verify the infectious clone copy and inhibition of expression .Results The HBV ADV‐resistant infectious cloning plasmids pHBV1 .3 was successfully constructed .This plasmid could be effectively replicated ,transcripted and ex‐pressed in Huh7 cell lines .LAM could effectively inhibit the replication and expression of the infectious clone ,while ADV could not inhibit the replication and expression of the infectious clone .Conclusion The constructed infectious clone plasmids pHBV1 .3(RT A181T ) of HBV ADV‐resistant strain can efficiently replicate and express protein in vitro ,its transfected cells can be used in the study of HBV replication mechanism and antiviral study .

OBJECTIVE To understand operating room management conditions and put forward improvement methods at township hospitals.METHODS An observatory study was conducted in 9 township hospitals using the evaluation criteria based on the requirements of the Guidelines for Disinfection in Hospitals.Technical Guidelines for Prevention and Control of the Hospital Infection in Operation Departments and the Guidelines for Hand Hygiene of Medical staff in Medical Institutions.RESULTS Problems were found to a different extent in all of the 9 township hospitals:faults in rules and regulations,unreasonable layout technological process,unstandardized sterilization and disinfection and short knowledge about hospital infection.CONCLUSIONS Special attention to managment of operating room,improving consciousness,strengthening medical staff study and improving system are the key issues for improving the management level of operating room at township hospitals.