Objective To compare and analyze neutralizing antibody titer and specific IgG concentration in the sera immunized with F-genotype mumps attenuated live vaccine,so as to evaluate the possibility of using them as mutual verification indexes.Methods A total of 194 serum samples were randomly selected,including 98 in vaccine group inoculated with F-genotype mumps attenuated live vaccine(49 before immunization and 49 after immunization)and 96 in placebo group(48 before immunization and 48 after immunization),which were detected for the concentration of mumps virus specific IgG and the titer of neutralizing antibody by ELISA and neutralization test respectively,and the detection results were compared.With neutralizing antibody titer as ordinate and IgG concentration as abscissa,the scatter plot was drawn,and the correlation between them was analyzed by logistic regression.With neutralizing antibody titer as standard,the specific IgG concentration of each group was analyzed by ROC curve,which was evaluated to judge the reliability of neutralizing antibody positive conversion.Results There was no significant difference in the concentration of specific IgG(t =-0.977,P > 0.05)and the titer of neutralizing antibody(Z =-1.405,P > 0.05)in the serum of the placebo group before and after immunization.However,in the vaccine group,the concentration of specific IgG(t =-9.959,P < 0.001)and the titer of neutralizing antibody(Z =-5.696,P < 0.001)in the serum after immunization were both significantly higher than those before immunization;The positive conversion rates of specific IgG before and after immunization in the placebo group and before immunization in the vaccine group were significantly higher than those of neutralizing antibody(χ2= 27.927,29.777 and 17.563respectively,each P < 0.001),while no significant difference was observed between the positive conversion rates of the two after immunization in the vaccine group(χ2= 27.927,29.777 and 17.563respectively,each P < 0.001),while no significant difference was observed between the positive conversion rates of the two after immunization in the vaccine group(χ2= 2.346,P > 0.05).There was a significant correlation between specific IgG concentration and neutralizing antibody titer in each group(r = 0.321 0 ～ 0.620 1,each P < 0.05).After immunization,the area under ROC curve was the largest(0.961),and the specificity(1.00)and sensitivity(0.93)were higher in the vaccine group.Conclusion The neutralizing antibody titer and specific IgG concentration in the serum immunized with mumps attenuated live vaccine(F-genotype)showed a good correlation,which might be used as mutual verification indicators.

Objective To develop an un_fluorescent staining method in Comet Assay. Methods Some special un_fluorescent DNA staining methods, Feulgen, Methyl Green, Stains_all and Silver_Stain were tested in Comet Assay and the comparison studies with EB stain were carried out. Results Among the stain methods tested, just the silver_stain could give a satisfactory effect: legible, ease to judge the stained area of the comets head and tail, permanent, sensitive, could make little segment of DNA be stained, which couldnt be stained by EB stain, the length of comets head and tail, were over 2 times of that of EB stain, safety and economical. Conclusion The silver_stain method discarded the defects of EB stain, so that it could replace EB stain and make comet assay possible to be extended.

Tangdu hospital of the fourth military medical university explored the aim,method,critical points and effect for organizing a neurosurgical continuous education Journal club and summarized the key factors important for its successful organization and the improvement of its short-term and long-term educational effects in order to discover a Journal club education pattern which could satisfy the demand of for neurosurgical refresher doctors.Paying attention to these factors could better satisfy the demand of for neurosurgical refresher doctors,achieve their participating aims,promote their understanding of the advancing front of the discipline and improve their literature analyzing competence and problem solving ability.The wide application of continuous education Journal club is helpful to improve the level of neurosurgical continuing education in our country.

Objective To investigate the influence of Memantine on changes of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor 2B (NMDAR-2B) level, the expression of postsynaptic density 95 ( PSD-95) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ (CaMK Ⅱ)activities in the hippocampus of vascular dementia(VD)rats and their recognition. Methods The VD rat model was established by permanent,bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries. One hundred and forty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, VD model group and Memantine-treated group. The water maze test was performed to detect the ability of learning and memory of the rats,the changes of NMDAR-2B level were measured by RT-PCR,the changes in the expression of PSD-95 were detected by immunohistochemical staining,and the changes in the CaMK Ⅱ activities were determined by incorporation of ~(32)P into histone. Results Compared with the sham-operated group, the ability of learning and memory of VD rats was decreased significantly(P<0. 01); the level of NMDAR-2B and the expression of PSD-95 increased significantly at the 4th week after operation(F<0. 05 or 0. 01)and decreased at the 8th to 16th week after operation (P<0. 01). Total CaMK Ⅱ activity was increased significantly at the 4th week after operation(P<0. 01) ,then dropped at the 8th week after operation(P>0. 05) ,and decreased significantly at the 12th,16th week after operation(P<0. 01). As for Memantine-treated group,at the 4th week after operation,there was no statistically significant difference in the parameters mentioned above in contrast with the sham-operated group. At the 8th,and 12th week after operation,the ability of learning and memory,the level of NMDAR-2B and the expression of PSD-95 were significantly increased as compared with VD rats(P<0. 01 or 0. 05) ,but total CaMK Ⅱ activity was similar to that of VD rats. Conclusion With the development of VD,NMDAR-2B level,the expression of PSD-95 and CaMK Ⅱ activities were firstly over-activated,and then decreased greatly. Memantine can improve VD rats' recognition by modulating the expression of NMDAR-2B,but its effect on CaMK Ⅱactivity was limited.

Objective To explore the effect of panaxadiols saponin (PDS) on the oxidative damage in lung tissue in hemorrhage-lipopolysaccharides (LPS) two hits rats. Methods Forty Wistar rats were divided randomly into 4 groups: sham operational group(S group); two hits groups with hemorrhage-LPS(HL group);dexamethasone preventive therapy group (HLD group) ;panaxadiol saponins preventive therapy group(HLP group). The rats were made first-hit by hemorrhagic shock,LPS were administered intraperitoneally to make endotoxic shock and induce two hits in rats,then the model of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by two hits had been built up successfully. NO-2/NO-3,MDA content and NOS,iNOS,SOD activities were measured by 722S spectrophotometer. Results The results of pathological observation showed that there was obvious inflammatory reaction in lung tissues after two-hits,and the structure was destroied.Compared with HL group,the inflammatory reaction was reduced in HLD group and HLD group.NOS,iNOS activities and NO-2/NO-3,MDA contents were increased significantly,and SOD activity was significantly lower in HL group compared with S group(P

In order to solve the drawbacks of egalitarianism,induced demand and ineffective incentive in the current distribution mode,the leverage of the salary mobilization and the hospital development is used to put forward the relative value of RBRVS as the theoretical guide to accounting the medical service project,and to establish doctor post value and comprehensive goal assessment system.Finally,a salary distribution model for doctors in county-level hospitals based on doctors' workload post value and comprehensive goals assessment will be formatted,which will reflect public welfare and incentive mechanism.

Objective To investigate the effect of a tissue engineered trachea for replacement fabricated using three dimensional scaffold and chondrocytes by in vitro and in vivo culturing. Methods Rib chondrocytes were isolated and expanded to two passages, then seeded in PLGA or Dacron scaffold at density of 5 × 107/ml. Cultured in vitro for two weeks, the chondrocytes-scaffold model was planted under dorsal skin between nude mice's spine. Histology of cartilage, neovascularization and organizational structure were observed with HE staining, PAS staining and electron microscopic scan were performed after 4,6,8 weeks in vivo. Results Organized structure were observed in both PLGA-chondrocyte model and dacron-chondrocyte model with cartilage formation, neovascularization and tight fibrous connective tissue between scaffold and skin after in vitro and in vivo culture. Conclusion Tissue engineered trachea fabricated using rib chondrocytes and PLGA or dacron scaffold with in vitro and in vivo culture meets the requirement of trachea replacement.

Objective To understand the application of dietary supplements among adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2MD) in two areas of China. Methods A total of 615 T2MD patients were recruited from three hospitals in Beijing and Shenyang, with convenience sampling for the study using self-reported questionnaires. Data were statistically analyzed. Results Overall 34. 8% of the participants (22.5% in Beijing and 45.5% in Shenyang, respectively) reported ever use of at least one dietary supplement in the past 12 months. The most commonly used supplement was royal jelly ( 16. 1% ), followed by vitamins ( 10. 1% ), calcium (8. 8% ),fish oil (7. 3% ), spirulina (3.9%), and lecithin (2. 3% ). Except that royal jelly was used for complementary treatment for T2MD, most of the other supplements were used for improving their body defense. In addition, more than 20 other health dietary supplements were also used for diabetes-related conditions in 8. 5% of the participants surveyed. The participants' main sources of information about dietary supplements were from mass media or recommendations by relatives and friends. About half of supplements users perceived that the dietary supplements were effective. The application of dietary supplements was associated with gender, educational background, living area,perceived burden of medical cost, stage of diabetes, comorbidity, and body mass index (BMI) of the patients ( all P ＜0. 05). Conclusions Dietary supplements are widely used among T2MD patients in Beijing and Shenyang.The types of these dietary supplements are diverse and lack professional instructions. It is recommended that information on dietary supplements should be included in diabetes education.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of postoperative chemotherapy in patients with early-stage pulmonary large cell neu-roendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) after resection. Methods:A cohort of 50 patients who underwent resection and systematic nodal dissection for LCNEC between January 2008 and December 2014 in our institution was retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into adjuvant chemotherapy group (32 cases) and non-chemotherapy group (18 cases). Follow-up information was investigated. Results:The median survival and the 5-year survival rate were 48 months and 72.5%for the adjuvant chemotherapy group whereas 29 months and 35.6%for the non-adjuvant chemotherapy group, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses using Cox's proportional hazard models showed that postoperative chemotherapy was a signifi cant prognostic factor for OS (P=0.005;hazard ratio=0.281, P=0.008, respectively). Conclusion:Postoperative chemotherapy is beneficial to patients with early-stage pulmonary LCNEC after complete resection.

Objective:To explore the drug application in the postoperative chemotherapy for the patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Methods:The chemotherapy regimens, drug utilization and adverse drug reactions in the non-small cell lung cancer patients received postoperative chemotherapy in 2012 were statistically analyzed in a retrospective study. Results:Totally 8 kinds of chemother-apy regimens were used in 156 cases. The NC( vinorelbine + carboplatin) regimen was used most frequently and the PC( pemetrexed+ carboplatin) regimen was with the highest expense. Proton pump inhibitors, recombinant human erythropoietin and lentinan were the top three in the adjuvant drugs used in the treatment. Conclusion:It is necessary to further standardize the postoperative chemo-therapy for non-small cell lung cancer patients. Thoracic surgeons along with pharmacists should strengthen the drug use monitoring during the whole treatment process to promote the rational drug use.