Ankle sprains are orthopedic clinical common disease, accounting for joint ligament sprain of the first place. If treatment is not timely or appropriate, the joint pain and instability maybe develop, and even bone arthritis maybe develop. The mechanism of injury of ankle joint, anatomical basis has been fully study at present, and the diagnostic problem is very clear. Along with the development of science and technology, biological modeling and three-dimensional finite element, three-dimensional motion capture system,digital technology study, electromyographic signal study were used for the basic research of sprain of ankle. Biomechanical and kinematic study of ankle sprain has received adequate attention, combined with the mechanism research of ankle sprain,and to explore the the biomechanics and kinematics research progress of the sprain of ankle joint.
Ankle Injuries ; physiopathology ; Ankle Joint ; physiopathology ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Sprains and Strains ; physiopathology

Objective To investigate the etiology of the nosocomial infection and immune function changes anus and anal after operation.Methods 130 patients who needed anus and anal canal surgery were recruited in the study.The clinical data were recor-ded and postoperative nosocomial infection data were observed,including infection type,distribution,pathogenic analysis and im-mune function.Results A total of 67 cases of nosocomial infection occured,the infection rate was 51.5% (67/130),the main types of infection were perineal wound infection,abdominal infections and pelvic infections,urinary tract and vaginal infections were rare. 93 isolates were collected,of which gram-negative bacilli accounted for 67.7% (63/93 ),including bacteroides fragilis (21.5%), Escherichia coli (18.3%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.8%);Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 23.7% (30/93 ),including Staphylococcus aureus(17.2%),Staphylococcus epidermidis(6.5%);5 fungi were isolated accounting for 5.4%,other strains ac-counted for 3.2%.All the immune parameters detected in patients with postoperative nosocomial infection were statistically differ-ent from those before infection(P <0.05)except for IgM(P >0.05).Conclusion The incidence of nosocomial infection was rela-tively high in patients who had anus and anal canal surgery,which could serious affect the patients'outcomes,preventive and control measures should be taken in clinical practice.

Atherosclerosis,as a chronic inflammatory vascular disease,involves many cellular and molecular events in its formation and progression from an early fatty streak lesion to a highly dangerous rupture-prone plaque.The vulnerability or destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques is closely associated with plaque composition.Such imaging modality as magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),which allows of the evaluation of the plaque composition at the cellular and molecular level,may differentiate vulnerable and destabilized plaques and monitor the efficacy of antiatherosclerotic therapies.This paper gives an overview of molecular imaging strategies currently used for targeting the inflammation markers of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability.

Objective To compare clinical outcomes of minimally invasive plating osteosynthesis (MIPO) and intramedullary nail stabilization in treatment of acute humeral shaft fractures. Methods From March 2007 to January 2009, 52 patients were treated in our department for acute fractures of middle and lower humeral shaft. Twenty-seven were treated with MIPO technique (group A) and 25 with intramedullary nail (group B) . In group A, there were 15 men and 12 women, aged from 18 to 65 years (average, 36. 7 years); in group B, there were 16 men and 9 women, aged from 25 to 63 years (average,39. 4 years). Operation time, amount of blood transfusion, hospital stay, time for union, complications, Mayo scores of the elbow and Constant scores of the shoulder were recorded in both groups and compared statistically. Results The mean follow-up time was 17. 8 months (range, 16 to 36 months) . There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in operation time, amount of blood transfusion, hospital stay, time for union, and Mayo scores of the elbow ( P > 0. 05) . There was no case of postoperative iatrogenic radial nerve palsy or non-union in group A, but there were 4 cases of non-union, 2 cases of iatrogenic radial nerve palsy and one case of varus malunion in group B. Compared with group B, group A showed significant advantages in rate of postoperative non-union and Constant scores of the shoulder functional recovery ( P < 0. 05) . Conclusion In treatment of humeral shaft fractures, MIPO technique has advantages of less operative invasion, quick bone union, satisfactory shoulder functional recovery and low risk of postoperative palsy of the iatrogenic radial nerve.

As a tool, cholelithiasis animal models have become an important platform for pathogenetic, preventative, diagnostic and therapeutic research. As biliary calculus formation has a close relationship with dysfunction of hepatic and biliary systems, inability of lipid metabolism homeostasis and impairment of immunologic barriers, increasing studies have been carried out with the use of animal models in these fields. Animal genetic susceptibility to cholelithiasis has greatly attracted people's attention in recent years and cholelithiasis animal models have been used in Chinese traditional medicine development and authentication. Furthermore, reports on invasive and traumatic research have been published in which large animal models were used. It is supposed that technical progress and scientists' demands would result in wide application of more kinds of cholelithiasis animal models.

The causes of iatrogenic injury in choledo-cho-pancreatico-duodenai junction include iatrogenic factors, anatomic factors and pathological factors. T-tube, methylthionine chloride and fiber choledochoscopy are useful methods for early diagnosis. Accurate exploration of the injury site and reasonable choice of management were significant in dealing with the iatrogenie injury and can lead to a satisfactory result. Choledo-chojejunostomy and Oddi sphincteroplasty are not recommended unless the patients had distal bile duet stricture or the stones can not be removed. Accurate detection of the injury site, evaluation of the severity, and proper choice of the surgical method are important for the prognosis of the patients.

Lactate is considered a dead-end product of glycolysis.Its generation and accumulation promotes tumor growth and metastasis,and it is related to the poor prognosis of tumor.But recent studies have found,tumor cells can also uptake and utilize lactate.With the recent advances in tumor metabolism and gene therapy,lactate is a potential therapeutic target in tumors.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the quality standard of l of Zengshi oral liquid. METHODS: Thin-layer chromatography(TLC) was employed for the qualitative determination of the Lycium barbarum,Cassia obtusifolia and schisandra chinensis. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied for the determination of chrysophanol in Zengshi Oral Liquid. RESULTS: The quality standard of Zengshi oral liquid could be established through qualitative determination of the Lycium barbarum,Cassia obtusifolia and Schisandra chinensis.The linear range of Chrysophanol was 0.083～0.416?g (r=0.999 9). The average recovery was 98.38% and the RSD was 1.72%. CONCLUSION: The established standard can be used for the quality control of Zengshi oral liquid.

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetic features of Fagopyrum tataricum total flavonoids. METHODS:6 Beagle dogs were intragastrically given single dose of 80 mg F.tataricum total flavonoids (with content of quercetin at 1.2% and the content of eldrin at 24.7%). HPLC-UV spectrophotometry was adopted to determine the content of total quercetin in the hydrolyzed plasma samples. RESULTS:Taking the total quercetin as the index of the pharmacokinetic features of the F. tataricum total flavonoids in the Beagle dogs,the main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows:AUC0→t:(9.92?1.49)?g?h?mL-1;AUC0→∞:(10.81?1.86)?g?h?mL-1;Cmax:(1.07?0.19)?g?mL-1. CONCLUSION:The pharmacokinetics of the F.tataricum total flavonoids in the Beagle dogs conforms to two-compartment model,and the concentration-time curves are characterized by multiple peak pharmacokinetics.

AIM: To study the changes of hippocampal ne uronal microenvironment and alterations of excitatory amino (EAA) and inhibitory amino acid (IAA) in extracellular fluid (ECF) in different time after t hrombotic cerebral ischemia in tree shrews. METHODS: The model of focal thrombotic cerebral ischemia was ind uced by photochemistry-technology in tree shrews. Hippocampal ECF was collected b y microperfusion. pH, PCO 2, PO 2 and HCO 3- were analyzed by blood gas ana lyzer, and Asp, Glu, Gly and GABA were measured by high-performance liquid chrom atography (HPLC)-PITC technology after occlusion. RESULTS: The contents of Asp, Glu, Gly and GABA in hippocampal E CF increased, and pH, PO 2 and HCO 3- decreased after photochemical induced cerebral ischemia in tree shrews. There were significant differences between ish emic group and sham group (P