Abstract In November 2023, the Jinhua Center for Disease Control and Prevention received a report from a company indicating 3 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. An on-site epidemiological investigation was immediately conducted. A total of 3 cases were reported, with an attack rate of 9.68%. The first case had cough and expectoration for more than a year, and diagnosed with rifampicin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis on November 16, 2023, and the other 2 cases were his colleagues who were diagnosed with rifampicin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis and etiology negative pulmonary tuberculosis on November 20 and 21, respectively. Based on the on-site investigation and laboratory test results, it was a cluster of rifampicin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis. The likely cause of the spread might be the lack of timely medical attention for the first case, which led to the infection of other colleagues through contact transmission. Eight close contacts screened positive for purified protein derivative (PDD) or recombinantMycobacterium tuberculosisfusion protein skin test (EC-ST), given the injection of mycobaeterium vaccae vaccine, and no new cases of tuberculosis detected in the 3-month follow-up. The outbreak highlighted the necessity for the company to enhance health education concerning the prevention and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, implement regular health monitoring and enhance the physical examination for employee in order to increase sensitivity to pulmonary tuberculosis.

ObjectiveTo understand the human immunodeficiency virus（HIV） infection status and related factors by using the HIV/AIDS sentinel surveillance data of men who have sex with men（MSM） in Jinhua City， Zhejiang Province. MethodsSnowball sampling method was used to recruit MSM receiving HIV sentinel surveillance from 2016 to 2021.The inclusion criteria were aged 18 years old and above， reported having anal sex with man in recent 6 months. Questionnaire-based interviews were conducted on a one-on-one basis. Data including the characteristics of demography and ethology were collected. Five milliliter of blood samples were taken after the questionnaire. HIV and syphilis was screened. The time trend was analyzed with χ² test. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors associated with HIV infection status among MSM. ResultsThe positive rate of HIV was 8.0% （127/1 597）， with an increasing trend （P=0.002）， but the linear correlation was weak（r=0.075）. The positive rate of syphilis was 5.2% （83/1 597）， with no significant difference （P=0.661）.The constituent ratios showed an increasing trend （P<0.05） in using condoms consistently， finding male sexual partners through Internet or dating software， having anal sex in the past week， using condoms every time during anal sex in the past 6 months， accepting prevention services of AIDS in the last year， and the overall awareness of AIDS related knowledge. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that who was from national minority （OR=2.27， 95%CI： 1.08‒4.73） and from other provinces （OR=1.68， 95%CI： 1.08‒2.62）， who failed to consistently use condoms every time during anal sex in the past six months （OR=3.03， 95%CI： 2.02‒4.54）， who never accepted prevention services of AIDS in the last year （OR=2.17，95%CI：1.44‒3.27）， who don’t know the knowledge of AIDS （OR=1.86， 95%CI： 1.12‒3.07）， and who was infected with syphilis （OR=2.35， 95%CI： 1.20‒4.61） were at higher risk for HIV infection among MSM. ConclusionThe positive rate of HIV remains at a certain level among MSM in Jinhua. High-risk groups such as the patients with syphilis infections and floating population from other provinces need to be paid close attention. It is suggested to further strengthen the promotion of the use of condoms， awareness of AIDS and syphilis， warning education and comprehensive intervention services.