Objective: To investigate the role of LncRNA RP11-513G11.1 in the chemoresistance and evaluation of prognosis in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Methods: From June 2012 to June 2017，98 cases of SCLC tissue, 30 cases of paracancerous tissue and 30 cases of normal lung tissue were performed by surgery, puncture biopsy or bronchoscopic biopsy from the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University. QRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of LncRNA RP11-513G11.1 in SCLC tissue, paracancerous tissue, normal lung tissue and SCLC sensitive cell strain H69, drug resistance cell strain H69AR.All patients received EP regimen (etoposide+cisplatin). According to their chemosensitivity, they were divided into chemosensitivity group and drug resistance group. The expression of LncRNA RP11-513G11.1 in two groups was detected. The relationship between RP11-513G11.1 expression and prognosis, survival time and risk factors of OS in patients were analyzed. Results: The expression of LncRNA RP11-513G11.1 in H69AR chemoresistant cells (13.790±2.830) was significantly higher than that in H69AR chemosensitive cells (1.080±0.090) (P<0.01),the expression level of LncRNA RP11-513G11.1 in SCLC tissues (8.558±1.130) was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues (1.188±0.090) and normal lung tissues (1.636±0.150) (all P<0.01), the expression of RP11-513G11.1 in chemoresistant patients was significantly higher than that in chemosensitive patients (4.974±0.313) (P<0.01). The expression of RP11-513G11.1 was not related to gender and age, but was related to disease stage, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and chemotherapy resistance in SCLC patients (all P<0.05); High expression RP11-513G11.1 patients was shorter PFS [(12.59 ±2.08) months] and OS [(24.98 ±1.56) months] than those with low expression [(25.47±1.23) months] and [(39.03±2.67) months] (P<0.01). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that RP11513G11.1 expression, disease stage and distant metastasis were independent prognostic risk factors for SCLC patients (all P<0.05). Conclusion: LncRNARP11-513G11.1 may be a potential biomarker of chemosensitivity and prognosis in SCLC patients.