To serve as carriers of cells and bioactive molecules, three-dimensional scaffolds play a key role in bone defect repair. The chemical component and microstructure of the scaffold can affect the mechanical properties and seed cells. A variety of fabrication techniques have been used in producing scaffolds, some made random porous structure, some created well-designed structure using rapid prototyping methods, and others prepared bio-derived materials as scaffolds. However, scaffolds may vary in their inner structure, mechanical properties and repairing efficiency as well because of different manufacturing methods. In this review, we overview the main achievements concerning the effects of material and microstructure on the mechanical performance, seed cells and defect repair of bone scaffolds.
Biocompatible Materials ; Bone and Bones ; Porosity ; Tissue Scaffolds

Purpose To investigate the MSCT diagnosis and differential diagnosis of rare pancreatic tumors.Materials and Methods The MSCT features were analysied respectively of 31 cases with pancreatic tumors confirmed by surgery and pathology.Results There were serous cystadenoma in 7 cases,mucinous cystadenoma in 9 cases,mucinous cystadenocarcinoma in 1 case,solid-pseudopapillary tumor in 8 cases,islet cell tumor in 4 cases,carcinoid tumor in 1 case and intraductal papillary adenocarcinoma 1 case.The MSCT appearances were different each other.Conclusion MSCT is very helpful in diagnosis and differential diagnosis for the rare pancreatic tumors.

Aim To investigate the effect of angioten-sin 1-7 (Ang 1-7 )on the cardiac hypertrophy and my-ocardial fibrosis in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats and its possible mecha-nism.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish DOCA-salt hypertensive model,which un-derwent uninephrectomy surgery and were subcutane-ously injected with a DOCA,and replaced drinking water with 1% saline solution for 4 weeks.DOCA-salt animals were implanted with osmotic minipumps, which delivered Ang 1-7 chronically for 4 weeks (200 ng ·kg-1 ·min-1 ).Arterial blood pressure,left ven-tricular function in rats,the area of myocardial cells in HE stained specimens,and the area of myocardial fi-brosis Sirius red staining specimens were measured. Real time PCR was used to detect the expression of at-rial natriuretic factor (ANF ) and β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC)mRNA in heart,and TGF-β1 protein expression was observed by Western blot in myocardial tissue.Results In the first week,DOCA salt rat had a significant increase in arterial blood pressure,and reached a peak in the fourth week;while the left ven-tricular end-systolic pressure (LVESP),left ventricu-lar end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP ) and ventricular contraction the maximum rate of pressure rise (+dp/dt)had also undergone significant changes in DOCA salt rats. After chronic infusion of Ang 1-7 for 4 weeks,the arterial pressure,LVESP and LVEDP were significantly reduced and +dp/dt were increased sig-nificantly in DOCA salt rats (P<0.05 ,n=7 ).Ang 1-7 significantly reduced the cardiac index and myocar-dial cell area,as well as the up-regulated expression of ANF and β-MHC mRNA in DOCA salt rats (P <0.05 ,n =7 ).Meanwhile,Ang 1-7 also significantly decreased the perivascular fibrosis and interstitial fibro-sis area, and significantly inhibited the increase of TGF-β1 expression in DOCA salt rats (P<0.05 ,n=7 ).Conclusion These results indicate that Ang 1-7 has a cardioprotective effects through reducing arterial pressure and improving cardiac fibrosis and hypertro-phy in the DOCA-salt model of hypertension.

Objective:To investigate the value of magnetic resonance imaging, CT and X ray radiography on preoperative diagnosis of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture and post-operation follow up of percutaneous kyphoplasty.Methods: A retrospectively analysis was adopted for 41 patients of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture, who were detected by X ray, MRI examination and CT analyze, respectively. And the values of 3 methods for preoperative diagnosis of osteoporotic vertebral fractures and X-ray in postoperative follow-up were analyzed. Results: For preoperative diagnosis of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, the accuracy rate of MRI, X-ray and CT were 100%(41/41), 65.85%(27/41) and 92.85%(13/14), respectively. Both of the accuracy rates of MRI and CT were higher than X-ray, and the differences were statistical significant (x2=16.882,x2=3.837;P<0.05); the difference of accuracy rate between MRI and CT was not significant (x2=2.983,P>0.05). After the third day of post-operative and during last follow up, anterior vertebral height and middle vertebral height were significantly higher than before operation (F=17.094,F=15.526,P<0.05); and the Cobb angle and the VAS score of lumbar back pain were lower than before operation, the difference was statistical significant (F=41.085,F=107.338;P<0.05).Conclusion: For preoperative diagnosis of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, the accuracy rate of MRI is the highest and X-ray is lowest. X-ray can be used to evaluate surgery effect during postoperative follow-up.

Objective To study the effect of licorice on the pharmacokinetics of lovastatin in hyperlipidemic rat model.Methods Eighteen rats were randomly divided into control group (n =6) and test group (n =12).Rats in the test group were administered high fat diet to construct hyperlipidemic rat model.The 12 hyperlipidemic rats were then randomly divided into two groups:lovastatin group (n =6) and lovastatin combined with hcorice group (n =6).The rats in both groups were administered lovastatin capsule (20 mg/kg,0.5％ CMC-Na solution) after receiving licorice (for lovastatin combined with licorice group) or saline (for lovastatin group) for 7 days.Blood samples were collected at different time points before and after the administration of lovastatin capsule.The plasma concentrations of lovastatin and lovastatin acid (an active metabolite of lovastatin) were determined by LC-MS/MS method.Pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated using DAS 2.0 software,and the two groups were compared using SPSS 18.0 software.Results Long-term administration of licorice resulted in a significant increase in the plasma level of lovastatin acid in the hyperlipidemic rat,and the corresponding mean Cmax was approximately 80％ higher than that of the lovastatin group (P ＜ 0.05),while AUC0-t and AUC0-t increased by 115％ and 109％,respectively (P =0.005 and P =0.027).Cmax and AUC of lovastatin also increased,but there was no statistical significance (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Licorice can inhibit the metabolism of lovastatin in hyperhpidemic rats and increase its exposure in vivo.

Objective To investigate the effect of perindox administration combined with psychological intervention on patients with lung cancer after thoracoscopic lobectomy.Methods Fifty patients with lung cancer underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy from November 2015 to November 2016 in our hospital were randomly divided into experimental group and experimental group according to the time of hospitalization.Control group, 25 cases.The rats in the experimental group were treated with ambroxol hydrochloride(600 mg/d)from the day of operation to the postoperative 3d administration.The control group was treated with the same volume of saline.At the same time, the experimental group was treated with psychological intervention and the necessary psychological guidance was carried out.The data were collected and compared with the two groups before and after the general information, intraoperative conditions, lung function before and after surgery and blood gas analysis Results , mechanical ventilation time, early postoperative complications, postoperative hospital stay and treatment costs.ResultsThere were no cases of death in the perioperative period.Compared with the control group, the total incidence of postoperative complications was not significant, but the pulmonary complications were significantly reduced, only 1 case and 9 cases in the control group The In addition, the postoperative mechanical ventilation, ICU time, postoperative hospital stay, total treatment costs, the difference between the two groups was significant, the data were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The patients with lung cancer underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy with high dose intravenous ambroxol hydrochloride in the perioperative period can greatly improve the postoperative pulmonary function and reduce the postoperative complications, and effectively reduce the postoperative hospitalization Time, the material pressure on the patient is further reduced.

Liposome-mediated nucleic acid delivery has been a focus recently, but in the course of delivering nucleic acid, some hurdles seriously limit the nucleic acid exerting treatment effect. This review refers to a series of problems such as low blood stability, reticuloendothelial system absorption, the lower targeting of liposome and the restriction of endosomal escape which are suffered in liposome-mediated nucleic acid delivery; and gives a detail introduction of strategies such as PEGylation, ligand modification, photochemical internalization, the application of degradation liposome and membrane-lytic peptide, to overcome those problems.

Objective To investigate multi-slice spiral CT manifestations and its diagnostic value of extragastrointestinal stromal tumor(EGIST).Methods CT data in 19 patients with EGIST proved pathologically were retrospectively reviewed.Results Of the 19 cases,the lesions located in reteoperitoneum in 8 cases,adrenal,greater omentum,omentum and mesentery in one case respectively,mesentery in 4 cases,and abdominal cavity in 4 cases.2 cases were benign,4 cases were potential malignant,and 13 cases were malignant.The size of tumors ranged 4.1～35 cm.The tumors were round or oval in 5 cases,lobulated in 5 cases and irregular in 9 cases.The tumors in 4 cases were uniform density on plain CT scans,1 case of uniform and moderate enhancement,1 case of non-uniform enhancement,2 cases of apparent enhancement as ring on contrast-enhanced CT scans;15 cases showed unhomogeneous density,on contrast-enhanced scans,moderate or remarkable enhancement was seen in the parenchyma of the tumor,while no enhancement was revealed in the necrosis and cystic areas of the tumors.Conclusion EGIST have certain imaging characteristics and MSCT was valuable in diagnosing and differential diagnosing EGIST.

Objective To investigate the change of soluble P-selectin (sPsel)and von Willebrand factor (vWF)levels after ad-mission in traumatic patients and their relation with the coagulation indexes levels,coagulation disorders and prognosis.Methods 82 cases of severe trauma in ICU of Affiliated Tongji Hospital were prospectively selected and detected plasma sPsel,VWF anti-gen,protein C,activity of coagulation factor Ⅶ and routine coagulation indexes on admission and on every day within the first week after admission.The 30 d fatality rate was recorded.Results The sPsel and vWF levels on admission in the patients with coagula-tion disorders were lower than those in the patients without coagulation disorders (P <0.05)and significantly correlated with the coagulation indexes (protein C and coagulation factor Ⅶ)levels (P <0.05).The vWF level within 3 d after admission in the death patients was significantly lower than that in the survival patients,but which on 7 d after admission in the death patients was signifi-cantly higher than that in the survival patients (P <0.05 );no significant difference in sPsel level within 1 week after admission were found between the survival patients and the death patients.Conclusion Among severe traumatic patients in ICU,the low lev-els of sPsel and VWF on admission are associated with the coagulation disorders,the significant rise of vWF level on 7 d after ad-mission is associated with the increase of the 30 d fatality rate.

Bacterial extracellular metalloproteases ( BEMPs) are a large group of metal ion-contai-ning proteases. All BEMPs identified so far are endopeptidase or endoprotease. BEMPs can be classified into nine metalloprotease families based on the sequences and structures of enzymatic molecules. Double-valence zinc ion ( Zn2+) is necessarily required by catalytic centers of most BEMPs. The main function of BEMPs in non-pathogenic heterotrophic bacteria is to hydrolyze environmental proteins and polypeptides to provide vari-ous amino acids as nutrients. However, BEMPs of pathogenic bacteria, serving as important virulence fac-tors, help the pathogens invade into hosts and spread in hosts. In recent years, the roles and mechanism of BEMPs in bacterial pathogenesis have attracted great attention. Here, we make a brief review about the structures and types as well as the functions and pathogenic roles of BEMPs.